REGARDING THE EMERGENCY MANAGER’S POST PETITION FINANCING PROPOSAL

I'm glad you have redundant information sources. I have another _draft_ resolution I hope they might pass a version of. Do you have any thoughts about it ?

WHEREAS Section 1109 a) of the bankruptcy law states: “The Securities and Exchange Commission may raise and may appear and be heard on any issue in a case under this chapter” which is incorporated into Chapter 9 bankruptcy by Section 901, and

WHEREAS The Levin-Coburn Report on the Financial Crisis issued April 13, 2011 by the U.S. Senate Investigations Subcommittee provided a powerful glimpse into the wrongdoing of the largest banks in the mortgage crisis, and

WHEREAS Detroit was especially targeted by the banks and other lenders leading to more than 100,000 foreclosures and the subsequent loss of more than 200,000 residents.

WHEREAS The swap agreements of 2005 and 2006 were forcefully endorsed by bond rating agencies and Wall Street firms

WHEREAS The SEC has many ongoing investigations and prosecutions of financial institutions in relation to municipal bonds, for example Reuters reported on July 24 that two former UBS vice presidents along with the former UBS global head of commodities were sentenced to prison for deceiving cities and towns by rigging bids to invest municipal bond proceeds and

WHEREAS The New York Times reported on July 12 that the former head of Bank of America’s municipal derivatives desk was charged with conspiracy to defraud the United States, wire fraud and conspiracy to make false entries in bank records, noting that 13 individuals from banks, including Bank of America, JPMorgan, UBS, Wells Fargo and General Electric have paid more than $700 million in restitution and penalties, and

WHEREAS An August 2, 2013 Bloomberg article reports that the Commodity Futures Trading Commission investigation "uncovered evidence that banks reaped millions of dollars in trading profits at the expense of companies and pension funds by manipulating a benchmark for interest-rate derivatives," and

WHEREAS In the month of October alone a tentative $13 Billion settlement was announced between JPMorgan Chase and the U.S. Dept. of Justice and a federal jury found Bank of America liable of selling defective mortgages as well as a top manager individually,

WHEREAS A thorough examination of the role of the banks in the current bankruptcy is yet to be done,

WHEREAS Only the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission can fully investigate and expose any misconduct related to these transactions

THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED

The Detroit City Council hereby requests the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission intervene in the Detroit bankruptcy proceedings to fully expose role of the banks in the financial problems of Detroit.

http://dollarsandsense.org/archives/2013/0913bluestone.html

Lecture-Discussion 7 – Cities and Urban Life – Ant 201 I suggest that you make a list/ outline of activities, persons, places , streets, downtown, sections, addresses etc., “spaces” ,significant in your life. Build your “cognitive map” (P. 203 of text ) for Question 2 out of your list/outline. Also, maybe make several maps. //////////////////////////// Here are internet links for test question 3 on City of Beijing social space : Urban Geography Volume 26, 2005 - Issue 2: The City of Transition and the Transition of Cities Ihttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2747/0272-3638.26.2.167 The Structure of Social Space in Beijing in 1998: A Socialist City in Transition Chaolin Gu,Fahui Wang &Guili Liu Pages 167-192 | Published online: 16 May 2013 Download citation https://doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.26.2.167 Sample our Urban Studies journals, sign in here to start your FREE access for 14 days References Citations Metrics Reprints & Permissions Get access More Share Options Abstract The 1984 urban reforms in China introduced an urban land market and a housing market to Chinese cities and had profound impacts on urban structures. Using data from a 1998 survey and other sources in Beijing at the subdistrict (jiedao) level, this research found that differentiations of social areas were taking place in Beijing after over a decade of urban reforms. Unlike western cities with socioeconomic status and family status as dominant forces in forming social areas, Beijing began to experience the impact of differentiation of socioeconomic status (e.g., income gaps), and the family structure factor was ineffective in Beijing because of decades of family planning. Factor analysis revealed four factors that underlay the social-spatial structure in Beijing: (1) land-use intensity as the dominant factor displaying a concentric zonal pattern, (2) neighborhood dynamics, mainly composed of the floating population ratio, featuring a sectoral pattern, (3) socioeconomic status exhibiting a combination of sectoral and zonal patterns, and (4) ethnicity resembling a multiple nuclei pattern. Superimposing the four factors generated a complex urban mosaic in Beijing. Cluster analysis was used to classify the subdistricts into nine different social areas. Social-spatial structure of Beijing: a spatial-temporal analysis https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264440761_Social-spatial_structure_of_Beijing_a_spatial-temporal_analysis AN ANALYSE OF CHINESE URBAN PUBLIC SPACE –Beijing as an Example https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:832693/FULLTEXT01.pdf /////////////// With 4th of July coming up, note that one of Detroit’s main /backbone Avenues is Jefferson Avenue named after Thomas Jefferson, author of the Declaration of Independence of July 4, 1776. The cities “ideologists” have been patriotic, of course. Statues are built objects expressing a city’s historical legacy and consciousness, especially political consciousness . There is a statue of George Washington in the middle of downtown on Jefferson. Civil War Union Army figures are downtown and on Belle Isle . Recently a statue of Christopher Columbus on Jefferson was moved to storage of by the City of Detroit. As modern cities are significantly automobile/vehicle cultures ( see text) , parking lots make up a chunk of the built space of urban areas. Car races are coming back to downtown Detroit from a stint on Belle Isle. Urban “ stimulation” through entertainment with big crowds. Of course , the July 4th fireworks are the same” stimulation” that the text draws to our attention. Baseball , apple pie and Chevrolet. Another form of urban network, are the television and radio local network areas. What are your local television and radio stations ? //////////////// Related to Lynch’s five image elements (P.201 of the text), was Lynch’s evidence anecdotal ? Did he have to take a representative sample in the statistical sense to make valid generalizations ? (THESE ARE NOT TEST QUESTIONS) _Statistically_ significant data is necessary for sociologists , historians, geographers, economists, and anthropologists to claim that their generalizations about cities and society are true. Below is a brief discussion of statistics in sociology. Also, university and thinktank social scientists get much of their statistical data from government agencies such as the Census Bureau, Bureau of Labor Statistics, City tax bureaus, federal reserve On statistics in sociology (THIS MATERIAL WILL NOT BE TESTED): https://www.sociologygroup.com/sociology-statistics-examples/ “The Introduction: The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines the term “statistics” as “a branch of mathematics which deals with the collection, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of masses of numerical data.” The definition is very apt in what needs to be conveyed. There are three basic methods of research which are most commonly used by the sociologists in their studies. They are as follows: Observational Techniques Surveys Experiment The way that this data is collected and analyzed is through numeric digits. The findings of the sociologists are kept in numeric terms as to gather the data under a certain form of measurement. Every research yields a set of numbers which is then processed in order to gather findings regarding the experiment. It becomes very essential to convert this data in terms which other scientists and laymen can understand. The interpretation of this data becomes utmost necessary as it serves as proof as well as a stepping stone for new studies or research. The data needs to searched thoroughly as to see what factors affect it and what factors don’t, a set of variables need to be accounted for to make the study a success. The checking of the effect of experimental manipulations may be done too as to figure out how credible the data and experiment is. Representation of Data The most used data analysis technique in statistics is frequency distribution; it basically indicates the frequency of each score in a set of scores. The elementary function of a frequency distribution is to provide information regarding the number of occurrences of a given set of values (numeric) over a given period of time. These values are spread over the list, table or graphical representation and are classified as either grouped or ungrouped. The data is grouped using this and the relevance of each group is analyzed, hence making it easier to find patterns. The case of dependent and independent variables is very important to understand as they tend to decide the course over which the experiment will go. A good experiment needs to have these variables as they decide what sort of relationship is being mapped. The best way to analyze the independent and dependent relationship is through a line graph. There is a variety of graphs used by sociologists to make the laymen understand the relevance and findings of the experiment, for example, histograms, pie charts, etc. Line graphs showcase the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Graphical Representation The concept of graphical representation gives more impact to the findings of the statistical study as it helps the observer what the study wants to show and in terms which are easier for everyone to understand. There are a variety of graphs through which data is represented and each of these graphs is used for a specific representation. A graph also saves a lot of time as the observations are right in front of the observer and hence it becomes easier to find the relation between the sets of data provided. There is no need for any prior knowledge so it is understood by a larger group of people. A comparison can be done between the data in the form of graphs and the data can be understood more carefully. The graphs help define the statistical analysis of the data as they show the various aspects of the statistics, for instance, a graph showing the mean, median and mode becomes easier to understand. Also, the interpretation and extrapolation of the data become easier. There are some rules regarding graphical representation which need to be strictly followed in order to get the desirable results for the experiment. The graph should always be titled as to understand what it is trying to convey and the measurement unit of the graph should be mentioned. There should be a proper scale to the graph along with an index. The graph should be made in the simplest manner as possible as it increases the probability of people to understand. It should be neat so no confusion may occur while analyzing it. The sources of the graph are very essential as the graph is only credible when the data it is formed from is credible. Descriptive Statistics The descriptive statistics are used to summarize a given set of data set; this can be a representation of the entire work sample or a given part of it. The basic job of descriptive statistics is to help describe and understand the features of a specific data set by giving summaries of the data set. There are two basic measures through which the descriptive statistics are measured; they are central tendency and variability. The central tendency keeps three aspects, mean, median and mode, the model describes the most recurring set of data, the median shows the middle score whereas the mean is the arithmetic average of the scores. The variability represents how dispersed a set of scores are, the variance is then calculated which is the average of the squared deviations from the mean of the scores. The standard deviation is the square root of the variance. The data can be measured by interpreting the shape of the curve which can tell the observer as to how the data is being managed. There is basically the normal curve and the bell-shaped curve through which one can easily observe the correlation of the data. Correlational Statistics It becomes essential to observe the relationship between two or more set of scores. This is where the concept of correlation statistics comes in, it shows whether and how strongly pairs of variables are related. Some correlations are very obvious to analyze, to even the naked eye, but there are correlations which showcase many unexpected relationships between the sets of data. It also shows the degree of the correlations as to whether they are strong or weak. The more intelligent correlations are made, the more the understanding of the data set grows. The correlations are mapped on scatter graphs as it becomes easier to observe the trends and correlations. The most effective technique used to find the correlations between data is Pearson’s product-moment correlation. The techniques help calculate the Pearson coefficient which helps show the nature of the correlation in a given set of data. There is a specific range, i.e. -1 to +1, through which the relations may be accounted for. If one gets a 0 as a Pearson coefficient then there is no relation between the data, a number above 0 indicates a positive relationship whereas a number below 0 showcases a negative relationship. Inferential Statistics It is one of the two main branches in the field of statistics. The fundamental reason to employ an inferential statistical study is to analyze whether the findings of the research may be generalized from their samples to the population that they represent. The job of inferential statistics comes in when it becomes hard to analyze and take into account the whole sample size needed for the research. For instance, in a nail manufacturing factory, if one needs to measure the diameter of each nail, it would be very hard to measure every nail. Hence, a generalized sample size of the nails and their diameter is taken, and a general observation is made regarding the same. The Conclusion It becomes very essential in sociology to carry out a statistical study as the research is very quantitative; hence it requires a correct mathematical procedure to generate results which are reliable. The statistical analysis and study provide the sociologist to share their data in terms for everyone to understand as well as form a case for further studies in the same field. Sources: McGraw Hill. (2001). Statistics Primer for Sociology. http://www.mhhe.com/socscience/sociology/statistics/stat_intro.htm Crossman, Ashley. “An Introduction to Sociology Statistics.” ThoughtCo, Feb. 5, 2019, thoughtco.com/introduction-to-statistics-3026701. Related Posts: A Short Note on Psephology and Examples - Explained Social Science Research: Meaning, Significance, Process,… Sociological Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative… What does it mean to have objectivity? Demography: Introduction, Meaning, Basics and Importance Psychology and Sociology: Similarities and Differences

Anti-Republican culture

DB: "They are Killculture Their purpose is killing under all conditions and if they cannot kill someone else somewhere else they will kill whoever’s near them and themselves. They believe in the righteous violence imperative that’s what I call it. Essentially they believe that violence is right and it is required when in reality it should be avoided under all conditions and there should be a love of humanity and humanism. Killosophy is their belief system in my opinion. I have created the ANTI-KILLOSOPHY We should always seek a way to preserve life under all conditions."

Freedom: from the kingdom of necessity to the kingdom of freedom

[Marxism-Thaxis] Freedom: from the kingdom of necessity to the kingdom of freedom Charles Brown Sat, 14 Feb 2009 22:03:39 -0800

The concept of necessity appears again in Engels famous distinction between the kingdom (realm) of necessity and the kingdom of freedom. The transition from one to the other marks the end of class divided and exploitive society to communism.


The terms and idea here is based on Hegel famous notion that freedom is the mastery of necessity. The freedom in communist society is based on humans mastering their own social structure in the sense that exploiting classes no longer are able to exploit exploited classes by conditioning provision of basic necessities or meeting biological and physiological needs, upon exploited classes serving up material surpluses to the exploiting classes. As Engels says in the quote below, "

"And he has now > become master of his own social > organization. The laws of his own social action, hitherto > standing > face-to-face with man as laws of > Nature foreign to, and dominating > him, will then be used with full understanding, and so > mastered by > him."

He was mastered by his/her own social organization before by the existence of Masters,rulers who exploited "him and her".

The masses of women and men master the Masters who were imposing necessity on the many, controlling them by conditioning proviision of their necessities on the giving of surpluses, as discussed at length in the last few posts. This is the specific necessity that is mastered by the masses and the specific character of the freedom of this "kingdom of freedom".

The science that comprehends and intellectually masters the peculiar complex of necessity in exploitative society (the kingdom of necessity) is the science of historical materialism, Marxism.

Once it successfully leads revolution to world socialism and communism, it makes its own subject matter - exploitative societies of all types, especially in the final conflict capitalism = obsolete, kaput, thrown in the dustbin of history. Like the proletariat ending all classes including itself, historical materialism and its practice self-abolishes. The kingdom of freedom will have a new art of society, which will be less a science. The system of thought that guides action in the realm of freedom will have a heavier proportion of idealism rather than materialism (science), because, as I say above the artificially imposed necessity of class society will be no longer imposed The freedom of communism will in part be that ideas, thought, human will, conscious planning rather than material necessity will guide action and activities. Humans will be able to do what they will and want, that is be free.

> From Anti-Duhring > > With the seizing of the means of production > by society, production of > commodities is done away with, and, simultaneously, the > mastery of the > product over the producer. Anarchy in > social production is replaced by > systematic, definite organization. The struggle for > individual > existence disappears. Then, for the > first time, man, in a certain > sense, is finally marked off from the rest of the animal > kingdom, and > emerges from mere animal conditions > of existence into really human > ones. The whole sphere of the conditions of life which > environ man, > and which have hitherto ruled man, > now comes under the dominion and > control of man, who for the first time becomes the real, > conscious > lord of nature, because he has now > become master of his own social > organization. The laws of his own social action, hitherto > standing > face-to-face with man as laws of > Nature foreign to, and dominating > him, will then be used with full understanding, and so > mastered by > him. Man's own social organization, > hitherto confronting him as a > necessity imposed by Nature and history, now becomes the > result of his > own free action. The extraneous > objective forces that have, hitherto, > governed history,pass under the control of man himself. > Only from that > time will man himself, more and > more consciously, make his own history > — only from that time will the social causes set in > movement by him > have, in the main and in a constantly > growing measure, the results > intended by him. It is the ascent of man from the kingdom > of necessity > to the kingdom of freedom

Why the rich have the Republicans beat down on the 99%

The definition of being rich is that the vast majority are suffering way more than you . The poorer they poor are , the richer the rich are, because rich is defined as relative to poor. If I have trillion dollars but every body else has a million. I’m superfluously rich . "Think about this if the US government gave every citizen $1,000,000.90 percent of them would spend it almost immediately this would result in the richest society infrastructure growth in the history of humanity. There will be some negatives with it as well but there be a lot of positives economically. Literally giving the poor and working class more money would actually make rich people richer. The problem is the rich don’t want to be wealthy they want the control and the power to destroy life not to do business in my opinion."

text :"Hi, I'm Emily with Michigan Liberation and we have some resources for housing, food, and utility assistance that I thought could be super useful."

text :"Hi, I'm Emily with Michigan Liberation and we have some resources for housing, food, and utility assistance that I thought could be super useful."