What is Nature ? (What is Human NATURE ?)
Nature can be defined as the motion of physical surroundings, matter, around us , _and_ motion of matter inside our bodies . We are natural beings; we have a human _nature_ ( See handout on Human Nature) . Physical surroundings include living beings and non-living things and processes. Living beings include humans, animals, plants, and the whole Tree of Life, as we have studied. Non-living things are the whole Earth, Solar System, weather, climate, rocks, air, water, sand, etc.
What is an Atom ? (See Levels of Organization of Life from previous class handout)
An atom is a particle of matter that uniquely defines a chemical element. An atom consists of a central nucleus that is surrounded by one or more negatively charged electrons. The nucleus is positively charged and contains one or more relatively heavy particles known as protons and neutrons
A molecule is two or more atoms joined (or “bonded”) tightly together. The number and kinds of atoms in a molecule, and the way they are arranged, determine what substance it makes. For example, a molecule made of two oxygen atoms joined to one carbon atom forms carbon dioxide, a colorless gas.
What is Chemistry ?
Chemistry is the science of the elemental ( See Periodic Chart of Elements) make-up of all things and their motions, their processes. It's based on the study of matter, which is what makes up everything in the universe and on Earth.
What is Matter ?
There is nothing but matter, and motion is its mode of existence
Matter is anything that has weight and takes up space. Everything you can see and touch is made up of matter. Matter exists in three main forms: solids, liquids, and gases.
Matter, material substance that constitutes the observable universe and, together with energy, forms the basis of all objective phenomena.
At the most fundamental level, matter is composed of elementary particles known as quarks and leptons (the class of elementary particles that includes electrons). Quarks combine into protons and neutrons and, along with electrons, form atoms of the elements of the periodic table, such as hydrogen, oxygen, and iron. Atoms may combine further into molecules such as the water molecule, H2O. Large groups of atoms or molecules in turn form the bulk matter of everyday life
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