In February 2025, the Burkin Bay government passed a groundbreaking law that officially recognizes and regulates the role of customary and traditional chieftaincy. More than a legal adjustment, this act represents a transformative <


https://youtu.be/_OU3fda_KlY?si=U27ZsHiwBUUrE8XF



vision. For Troe, the battle against terrorism and division will not be won by soldiers alone. Instead, he is forging a powerful alliance between the state and the centuries old wisdom of local chiefs. His goal, unite the nation, prevent ethnic divisions and dry up the soil where extremism grows. This story is not about mere symbolism. It is about power, real grounded power rooted in villages, traditions and respect. <


The story is not about mere symbolism. It is about power, real grounded power rooted in villages, traditions and respect. And at the heart of it lies the question, can restoring the voice of the elders become the strongest shield against chaos? To understand the significance of Troure's move, we must revisit the historical and cultural legacy of 1:43 traditional authority in Burkina Faso. Long before the arrival of colonizers or the formation of modern state structures, traditional chiefs governed the land. They held courts, administered justice, maintained order, and protected the moral fabric of communities. The Mossi Empire, for instance, is one of traditional authority in Burkina Faso. 1:46 Long before the arrival of colonizers or 1:49 the formation of modern state 1:51 structures, traditional chiefs governed 1:54 the land. They held courts, administered 1:57 justice, maintained order, and protected 2:01 the moral fabric of communities. The 2:03 Mossi Empire, for instance, is one of

<



https://youtu.be/Bt87nEtOmOs?si=McBs3Fi3pSwI9mgz

<



CB: For the last 90 years since FDR there are some demon Democrats and some John Brown Democrats . A real class struggle goes on in the Democratic Party; sometimes the Working Class wins , sometimes the Bourgeoisie win. FDR -LBJ-Carter-Obama for the working class. Truman -Clinton for the Bourgeoisie. Republicans are all Demons . That’s what needs to be learned .

Republican Prez : the evil Forrest Gump

Maybe Rex Tillerson Was Right. Maybe Donald Trump Really Is Just A Moron. (George Bush and Ronald Reagan , too) <


https://l.smartnews.com/p-675Ek2IM/iF3yfe

http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2023/09/end-reaganism-abolish-reaganite.html<

Racism is expensive RACISM IS EXPENSIVE! CK ATION MENT BLACK ** LIVES ATTER 236k Dislike RURAL ARKANSAS E 14K Share


https://youtube.com/shorts/kOYI5sYxAMM?si=6AaC3lQ378kqiAc0<

At the same time, China chose a completely different path-announcing a complete tariff exemption for 53 countries with which it maintains friendly relations. Some economists believe this may be China actively pursuing a new foreign strategy, attempting to accelerate its expansion into overseas markets. The question then becomes: Why has the United States suddenly imposed high tariffs on most countries globally? And who are these 53 countries to which China has granted "zero tariff" treatment? *********************************** **** ****** This Is A Channel That Discusses China's Strategy

This shattered the United States' plan! #China #ChinaNews #USA #Tariffs #Africa #Nigeria #South Africa #Congo #Asia On the last day of July, Trump signed an executive order at the White House titled "Further Modifications to Reciprocal Tariff Rates," announcing the imposition of new "reciprocal tariffs" on over 190 countries worldwide. The range of countries affected is vast, encompassing Asian neighbors like Japan and South Korea, as well as old European allies like Germany and France, and even neighboring Mexico. At the same time, China chose a completely




https://youtu.be/tPJuLY1p5zU?si=eoJKVYAtq6SjrzAQ <


At the same time, China chose a completely different path-announcing a complete tariff exemption for 53 countries with which it maintains friendly relations. Some economists believe this may be China actively pursuing a new foreign strategy, attempting to accelerate its expansion into overseas markets. The question then becomes: Why has the United States suddenly imposed high tariffs on most countries globally? And who are these 53 countries to which China has granted "zero tariff" treatment? *********************************** **** ****** This Is A Channel That Discusses China's Strategy

http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2019/03/charles-brown-marx-and-engels-and.html

POLITICAL Economist, extraordinaire , MICHAEL HUDSON says : "US left out the POLITICAL aspect and that's exactly the dimension on which India has responded to the United States position< the United States wants India to be a market for its food exports. The single leading guiding light of American foreign policy since 1945 is to make foreign policy since 1945 is to make other countries dependent on its grain exports dependent on its food to weaponize food. " < https://youtu.be/MoAn1Yq2szE?si=qC2mqIu7icoEHXEd

Republican Prez Isolated FUMING: China, India & Russia Just Changed the Game | Richard Wolff & Michael Hudson <


POLITICAL Economist, extraordinaire , MICHAEL HUDSON says : "US left out the POLITICAL aspect and that's exactly the dimension on which India has responded to the United States position<


the United States wants India to be a market for its food exports. The single leading guiding light of American foreign policy since 1945 is to make foreign policy since 1945 is to make other countries dependent on its grain exports dependent on its food to weaponize food. " <


https://youtu.be/MoAn1Yq2szE?si=qC2mqIu7icoEHXEd



POLITICAL Economist, extraordinaire , MICHAEL HUDSON : "Well, it's true that Richard and I are both economists, but the economics discipline no longer calls itself political economy as it does in the 19th century. Richard and I are both political economists but that's not what the discipline is and that's not how the American foreign economic policyis conducted.<


They've left out the POLITICAL aspect and that's exactly the dimension on which India has responded to the United States position. Modi gave a very explicit the dimension on which India has responded to the United States position. Modi gave a very explicit speech saying that he is ,India is, acting within its sovereign rights and America's threats to punishing India with the 50% import tariffs is an attack on India's sovereignty. We are sovereign countries. We can't agree to that. <



A few days ago, India's foreign minister uh did something that I don't think other foreign ministers, certainly not in Europe or even Russia or China have said explicitly. They've attacked President Trump personally for his policies. Not just saying some countries want this or the United States wants this just a President Trump . There's a very personal antagonism now and you can see the tension that's occurring within India. <


the United States wants India to be a market for its food exports. The single leading guiding light of American foreign policy since 1945 is to make foreign policy since 1945 is to make other countries dependent on its grain exports dependent on its food to weaponize food. That is the core of World Bank loan policy, the core of US backing of dictatorships from overthrowing the Guatemalan government to imposing dictators all over the world to prevent replacing plantation agriculture with growing their own food and other things . <


The whole fight of India is saying we are not going to let America weaponize our food needs by having our farmers having ourselves voted out of office anonymously by selling out the farmers to make Mr. Trump happy by helping him rescue the faltering American agriculture. <


So the America has made a demand that cannot possibly be met and that's what's been accelerating Modi's abrupt 180 degree shift with China saying well a few decades ago even a few years ago we had a military problem on the border with China this is marginal this is trivial compared to the big realignment in trade relations between US and China. This is just as Trump has performed the "act of peace" by driving Russia and China together for the next generation. Trump has now driven India together with China and Russia. <


India was the weakest link of the BRICS because so much of the Indian billionaires have ties to the United States. India has been so tied with Silicon Valley and all of the Indian computer programmers and designers in the United States , so that though the billionaires in India are very pro- US , because that's where their money is , ON THE OTHER HAND , the Indian population is very nationalistic that's Mod's party it's a nationalistic party .


So, you can see that by neglecting this political reality, the United States has as usual done exactly the opposite of the intended effect that Trump announced."

Nearly 1,000 'worker over billionaire' actions planned for Labor Day in US Michael Sainato 10

https://l.smartnews.com/p-66iVD0hq/UYbtWe

2024 -25 white race riot continues Trump Is Using Black And Brown Cities To Build A New Plantation Economy For MAGA America Dr. Stacey Patton 1;

https://l.smartnews.com/p-66cdSsKY/hkb5or

Republican Death Secretary is trying to kill you

<



https://l.smartnews.com/p-66pEglOw/9KQtbM


'Buckle Up Baby, You're Going to Be Sick': MSNBC Host Warns of Dire Consequences of RFK Jr's CDC Purge Jennifer Bowers Bahney MEDIA ITE > <


Chaos at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention could lead to more sick Americans who can't get access to vaccines and the scientific data they need to stay well, according to MSNBC's Michael Steele. <




Steele, former chief of the Republican National Committee, appeared on a panel discussing the ouster of CDC Director Susan Monarez by Secretary of Health and Human Services Robert F. Kennedy Jr.. MSNBC's Chris Jansing asked Steele, "What's the average American to do, whose lives or their ability to have a good life depends on a functioning CDC and FDA?" "Buckle up, baby, you're going to be sick," Steele answered. "The explosion of measles this academic year in schools across the country is going to be — we've seen what happened just in the first part of this year in places like Texas at the end of the school year."<


Steele continued: Now we're about to go into a whole new school year and and the idiocracy that's running our health care is savina. vou know. "Children don't Steele continued: Now we're about to go into a whole new school year and and the idiocracy that's running our health care is saying, you know, "Children don't need to... have the vaccines that they need to protect themselves and other kids." So, yeah, people are going to get sick, people will die, and people won't have access...to the information they need to to keep them healthy and to save their lives because the data is B.S. It's made up. It's not real. RFK Jr., a well-known vaccine opponent, has promised to reveal in September what's "clear-ly almost certainly causing autism," which drew Steele's ire. "We all know what this autism report is going to say. You think after all of this, they're going to put out a report that confirms that there is no link between vaccines and autism?" Steele ovclaimed "Mnl We already kni the renarte

This unspeakable horror is all Republicans' fault

This unspeakable horror is all Republicans' fault | Opinion D. Earl Stephens <


School shootings are now as American as baseball and apple pie. <

Just the whiff of fall ushers in back-to-school ads, which appear between news stories detailing the brutal slaughter of our children in those schools.<


You can set your clock to it. Every year for roughly the past three decades, we’ve known open season on our children was coming, yet we’ve done nothing about it.


POLL: Do you think Trump’s influence is weakening within the Republican Party? Once the school doors open, so does the mass-murder of our children.


Do you know why? Because of Republicans, that’s why.


Say that with me: REPUBLICANS ARE THE CAUSE OF THE SLAUGHTER OF OUR CHILDREN.


They are to blame. No guns, no murders. Less Republicans, less shootings.


This isn’t hard to understand.


Don’t get it twisted.

We always get it twisted. We always make the cause of these shootings way too hard.


It’s not hard.

This a Republican plague on America.


If Republicans didn’t want more and more guns in this country, there’d be less and less children dead in our schools.


I know this, because it wasn’t always this way in America. It really wasn’t.


All these school shooting are a fairly recent thing, which has coincided with the increase in all the guns in this country, and Republicans’ falling at the feet of death-rattling organizations like the National Rifle Association.


There are currently more guns than people in the United States of America, and more children are dying than ever before because of it.


Again, don’t get his twisted. It’s not hard to understand.


Republicans want more guns. Democrats want less guns.

Not only do Republicans want more guns, and Democrats less guns, they want more military-grade weaponry in the hands of our citizenry. These are the kinds of guns that can kill many, many people really, really fast.


Like little children in our classrooms, for instance.


I grew up in the 1960s and 70s. There were almost no school shootings, and I was raised in a pretty tough city in New Jersey. Nobody worried about being shot in school.


Make that NOBODY.


Did these things happen on the rare occasion?


Of course, but almost never.


And when they did, people — Republicans and Democrats — were appropriately outraged by it, and vowed to make sure they would do everything possible to make sure it never happened again.


Because what kind of society would we be living in, if we accepted the slaughter of our children in their classrooms, as business as usual in America? What kind of society would we be if the best that one of the two major parties could offer up in response to these killings, was some stupid prayer.


So no, shootings weren’t a major problem when I was growing up, because there weren't all these guns that Republicans have since eagerly introduced.


Again, please don’t get this twisted.


And let me duck in here and ask a quick question: Do you want more guns, or less guns?


I bet you want less guns, because you care about our children. Everything should be done to protect our children.<


Democrats believe that. Republicans don’t.


Don’t get it twisted.


Me? I don’t want any guns. NONE. Zero.


I was in the service, and I know what guns do. Guns are designed for one purpose: to kill things.


Let’s say that again, too, America: GUNS ARE DESIGNED FOR ONE PURPOSE: TO KILL THINGS.


That’s all they are good for: KILLING THINGS.


Why do people want to kill things?


That’s a real damn problem right there. It’s sick.


If you want to kill things, you are a complete sicko.


Broken.


Again don’t get it twisted. Don’t make it hard.


I haven’t touched a gun since I was in the military, because guns kill things. People who have guns have them for one reason: to kill things.


But, sure, let’s introduce more and more guns into our society. Let’s make them available everywhere. Let’s make guns easier to get than registering to vote.


All these guns are a Republican problem. They have even gotten to the point of telling us that more guns make us safer.

Seriously.


Republicans want people to have more guns to protect themselves from all the guns out there.

Now THAT’S twisted.


An anecdote. When I was growing up in the 1960s and 70s, All in the Family was the No. 1 TV show in America for many years. The protagonist, Archie Bunker, was basically a well-meaning bigot, who generally collapsed under the weight of his own ignorance by the end of each episode.


Back then we didn’t have many mass-murders in our schools, but we did have the occasional hijacking. So what was Archie’s answer to this problem?


Arm everybody on the plane, so that they could shoot any prospective hijacker that boarded said plane.


Talk about twisted ...


But we knew twisted logic back then. We knew that more guns meant more killings. We knew Archie was a complete idiot. Occasionally lovable, but an idiot.


Now we don’t, because Republicans are telling us they think more guns will mean less school shootings. It’s as if we have thousands of Archie Bunkers running our country.


Oh, and did I mention Archie was a bigot? Because the biggest single year-on-year increase in gun sales until COVID, was the year Barack Obama was elected …


Republicans tell us more guns will make us safer when they know for a fact that America is the only place in the civilized world where mass-murder has been reduced to just another way of life — before death, that is ...


I have lived all over this world, and America is the only place I worry about being shot to death when I go into a mall, a movie theater, a restaurant, a school, a library, a museum, a zoo, or attend a parade or a ballgame.


People in other countries think we are completely out of our minds.


You know why? Because they know that if we didn’t have all of these guns we wouldn’t have all of these shootings.


They aren’t twisted.


Are you still twisted? Is this hard to understand? It shouldn’t be, because again: Guns kill things. The more guns, the more killings.


Say, have you seen that the racist in the White House is currently introducing more guns into our cities to keep them safer?

The children in our cities, small towns and suburbs are under attack from mass-murdering madmen with guns. So what’s he doing? Sending our military and their guns into our cities, while warning about immigrants eating our dogs and cats in those suburbs.


Talk about twisted.


This afternoon, hundreds of lives will never be the same because a man with a gun slaughtered two children and wounded 17 others in a church attended by Catholic school children in Minneapolis.


Who then has the gall, besides every grotesque Republican in America, to think the appropriate response to this tragedy is to pray for these children, when they were shot in a church … praying?


Apparently they don’t see the sheer hypocrisy and evil insult in this.


Twisted.


America has Republicans to thank for our children’s bloody bodies being splattered all over the walls, floors and ceilings of our schools.


THEY ARE TO BLAME.


I am literally praying we don’t get this reasoning twisted yet again ...

(D. Earl Stephens is the author of “Toxic Tales: A Caustic Collection of Donald J. Trump’s Very Important Letters” and finished up a 30-year career in journalism as the Managing Editor of Stars and Stripes. You can find all his work here

Paul Krugman, who won the Nobel Prize in 2008 for his work on trade theory, argued in a new Substack essay that the financial markets have not yet responded to Trump's economic policies because they act in "complacency until the last possible moment." Markets seldom price in the "huge, disruptive" changes that Trump's policies seek to make, according to Krugman, and will act as if nothing is wrong "until it’s blindingly obvious that it isn’t." <


"So if the conventional wisdom is that economic conditions will remain more or less normal despite highly abnormal policy, markets will remain calm until the illusion of normality becomes unsustainable," Krugman wrote. "At that point market prices may 'change violently.'"

Detroit's annual Labor Day march and rally will take place on Monday, Sept. 1. The march begins at 9am from Abbott St. and Trumbull St. near the IBEW Local 58 hall. The march will proceed up Trumbull St. to Michigan Ave. and head west to Roosevelt Park for a rally.<


Please join Moratorium NOW! Coalition, Anti-Fascist Organizing Coalition (AFOC), and the May Day Detroit coalition at Cochran St. and Michigan Ave.at 7:30am to help us distribute literature to the thousands of unionists who will be gathering on Michigan Ave. and Trumbull St. Look for the AFOC banner shown below.


The police usually shutdown Michigan Ave. by 8am, so it is advisable to arrive before then so that you can find convenient parking.


Please join the Labor for Palestine contingent during the march to Roosevelt Park.

Mexico, Belize, and Guatemala have joined forces to create a massive new nature reserve in the Great Mayan Forest, now the second-largest in Latin America after the Amazon. Called the Biocultural Corridor of the Great Mayan Forest, the protected area covers 14 million acres across the three countries and will help safeguard around 7,000 species, including 200 endangered ones like jaguars and scarlet macaws.

In 2024 election, These politically brain dead white people had amnesia about his first term being so bad that they voted him out . Racism fogs the political memory . <


“The survey, which was conducted over a five-day span and concluded on Monday (August 25), had Trump at a 37% approval rating and a 55% disapproval rating, with a net negative 18-point approval rating, the lowest since January 2021, the final month of his first term in office”<


https://l.smartnews.com/p-66lgxYJO/ufEgDH

Gift exchange between Burkina Faso and China : See Stone Age gift exchange in Marshall Sahlins _ Stone Age Economics _

https://youtu.be/uKghkfn8ybY?si=kBxo0FuzPySU3kDs <


that time, guess what happened? China came offering things. What is China offering? China's offering to Bkina Faso in its fight against terrorism. Pickup trucks, crane trucks, light trucks, feb trucks, water tankers, and fuel tankers. And also satellite phone. satellite phone for Wolf. Obviously, that allows phone for Wolf. Obviously, that allows you to communicate with a little more privacy. Okay. In the meantime, as China is offering satellites and trucks and stuff for Bkina Faso, Mali is accusing France of equipping terrorists with intelligence and satellites and drones. How crazy is that? Bukina is Bkinaaso.<


https://youtu.be/tTHKhM2IayM?si=hpn9eNo9b3XPKOHJ <



Burkina Faso shocked the world when President Ibrahim Traoré sent 80 kilograms of gold to China for the 80th anniversary of its WWIl victory. Critics called it reckless, but Traoré used the symbolic gift as strategic leverage-earning visibility among 20+ world leaders, securing Chinese investment in energy and infrastructure, and elevating Burkina Faso's global voice. The "golden gesture" became a masterstroke of political theater, turning resources into sovereignty, boosting African pride, and reshaping multipolar diplomacy. About Voices of Faso At Voices of Faso, we uncover the real stories <


From Sahlins' _Stone Age Economics_

AI says 3. The significance of reciprocity and gift-giving • Economics embedded in social life: In tribal societies, economic transactions are not isolated but are deeply embedded within continuous social relations, often determined by kinship and social distance. • The spectrum of reciprocity: Sahlins describes a continuum of exchange, from generalized reciprocity among close kin (e.g., sharing food with no expectation of immediate return) to balanced and negative reciprocity among more distant social ties. • The "spirit of the gift": Sahlins reinterprets Marcel Mauss's theory of the hau, or spirit of the gift, to mean that the "yield" or "product" of a gift must be returned to its original donor. This prevents the accumulation of capital and reinforces social bonds. o 4. Food as a social barometer, not a commodity

Revolutionary Youth

https://www.instagram.com/reel/DNy1mZl3HiC/?igsh=ZTJlMHF0bDUxdjF5<


That’s the type of White youth we need to have the revolution. The end of racism is a change in white people’s behavior ; only white people can change white people .

21ST CENTURY THIRD INTERNATIONAL: Shanghai Cooperation Organisation : Proletarian Internationalism

Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Article Talk Language Watch Edit The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) is a Eurasian political, economic and international security organization of ten member states. It was established in 2001 by the People's Republic of China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. In June 2017, it expanded to eight states, with India and Pakistan. Iran joined the group in July 2023, and Belarus in July 2024. Several countries are engaged as observers or dialogue partners. <


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation

Proletarian Internationalism of the 21st Century

SCO Summit China 2025: Xi's Guest List Revealed -


20+ World Leaders 1.9K Likes 127,517 Views Aug27 2025 A Coop , A Collective <




Subscribe now: http://bit.ly/3VHIl37 Times Now World is your definitive source for <


https://youtu.be/ccyFByzNTaw?si=xOlBmxgreqDHUiYI <



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation <



Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Article Talk Language Watch Edit The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) is a Eurasian political, economic and international security organization of ten member states. It was established in 2001 by the People's Republic of China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. In June 2017, it expanded to eight states, with India and Pakistan. Iran joined the group in July 2023, and Belarus in July 2024. Several countries are engaged as observers or dialogue partners. Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Chinese: 上海合作组织 Russian: Шанхайская Организация Сотрудничества Members Observers Dialogue partners Abbreviation SCO Predecessor Shanghai Five Formation 15 June 2001; 24 years ago Type Mutual security, political, and economic cooperation Legal status Regional cooperation forum[1] Headquarters Beijing, China (Secretariat) Tashkent, Uzbekistan (RATS Executive Committee) Membership 10 member states 2 observer states 14 dialogue partners 4 guest attendees Official language ChineseRussian[2] Secretary-General Nurlan Yermekbayev Deputy Secretaries-General Ahmad Saidmurodzoda Batir Tursunov [uz] Oleg Kopylov Piao Yangfan [zh] Shri Janesh Kain Sohail Khan RATS Executive Committee Director Ularbek Sharsheev[3] Website sectsco.org Edit this at Wikidata It is the world's largest regional organization in terms of geographic scope and population, covering approximately 24% of the world's total area (65% of Eurasia)[4] and 42% of the world population. As of 2024, its combined nominal GDP accounts for around 23%, while its GDP based on PPP comprises approximately 36% of the world's total. The SCO is the successor to the Shanghai Five, formed in 1996 between China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Tajikistan.[5] In June 2001, the leaders of these nations and Uzbekistan met in Shanghai to announce a new organization with deeper political and economic cooperation. The SCO is governed by the Heads of State Council (HSC), its supreme decision-making body, which meets once a year. The organization also contains the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS). Origins edit The Shanghai Five edit The Shanghai Five group was created on 26 April 1996 when the heads of states of China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Tajikistan signed the Treaty on Deepening Military Trust in Border Regions in Shanghai.[6]<


On 24 April 1997 the same countries signed the Treaty on Reduction of Military Forces in Border Regions in a meeting in Moscow, Russia.[7] On 20 May 1997 Russian President Boris Yeltsin and Chinese President Jiang Zemin signed a declaration on a "multipolar world".[8]


Subsequent annual summits of the Shanghai Five group occurred in Almaty, Kazakhstan in 1998, in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan in 1999, and in Dushanbe, Tajikistan in 2000. At the Dushanbe summit, members agreed to "oppose intervention in other countries' internal affairs on the reason of 'humanitarianism' and 'protecting human rights;' and support the efforts of one another in safeguarding the five countries' national independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity, and social stability."[5] The Shanghai Five structure helped speed up the members' resolution of border disputes, agree on military deployments in border areas, and address security threats.[9]: 95 


Developing institutional forms edit In 2001, the annual summit returned to Shanghai and the group was institutionalized.[9]: 95  The five member nations first admitted Uzbekistan in the Shanghai Five mechanism.[9]: 95  On 15 June 2001, all six heads of state signed the Declaration of Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, praising the role played thus far by the Shanghai Five mechanism and aiming to transform it to a higher level of cooperation.[2] From 2001 to 2008, the SCO developed rapidly, establishing a number of permanent bodies and ad hoc initiatives dealing with economic and security matters.[9]: 95 


In June 2002, the heads of the SCO member states met in Saint Petersburg, Russia and signed the SCO Charter which expounded on the organisation's purposes, principles, structures and forms of operation. It entered into force on 19 September 2003.[10]


In July 2005, at the summit in Astana, Kazakhstan, with representatives of India, Iran, Mongolia and Pakistan attending an SCO summit for the first time, Nursultan Nazarbayev, the president of the Kazakhstan, greeted the guests in words that had never been used before in any context: "The leaders of the states sitting at this negotiation table are representatives of half of humanity".[11] By 2007, the SCO had initiated over twenty large-scale projects related to transportation, energy and telecommunications and held regular meetings of security, military, defence, foreign affairs, economic, cultural, banking, and other officials from its member states.[12]


In July 2015, in Ufa, Russia, the SCO decided to admit India and Pakistan as full members. In June 2016 in Tashkent, both signed the memorandum of obligations, thereby starting the process of joining the SCO.[13] In June 2017, at a summit in Kazakhstan, India and Pakistan officially joined SCO as full members.[14][15] In 2004, the SCO established relations with the United Nations (where it is an observer in the General Assembly), the Commonwealth of Independent States in 2005, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in 2005, the Collective Security Treaty Organization in 2007, the Economic Cooperation Organization in 2007, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in 2011, the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia (CICA) in 2014, and the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) in 2015.[16] in 2018, SCO Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) has established relations with the African Union's African Centre for the Study and Research on Terrorism (ACSRT).[17]

Burkino Faso : Captain Ibrahim Traoré launches the... Word Of Mouth Bukino Faso Built 900 Km Roads in 90 Days — And Shocked the West | Ibrahim... <

kind of history. The plan was simple in structure but revolutionary in intent. Captain Ibrahim Triayore called it the 90-day plan. A national mission broken into three distinct phases. Every village, every city, every neighborhood was asked to send representatives, each bringing whatever tools or skills they had. From shovels and hose to welding kits, no contribution was considered too small. In this phase, the message was had. From shovels and hose to welding kits, no contribution was considered too small. In this phase, the message was not broadcast through expensive media campaigns or state propaganda. It traveled by word of mouth. Today, we begin building the road of independence. Instead of waiting for shipments of costly imported materials, the project Mobilizing every village and city to join the construction effort

Ho Chi Minh: The Communist Who Humiliated the West <



Imagine a man capable of taking on the greatest empires of the 20th century, transforming a small country into a symbol of global resilience. Ho Chi Minh wasn't just a leader; he was the strategic mind behind Vietnam's victory against seemingly invincible powers. In this video, you'll discover how a teacher of humble origins became the "Tiger of Asia" and challenged the world order, forever changing the history of Vietnam and the West. If you want to understand how he overcame wars and ideologies with intelligence and determination, stay until the end-this story may change the way you view the struggle for freedom and power. Join the discussion: <


https://youtu.be/AL20TMKS2YM?si=ZZQXvBkvsS4Ca9Yf

Artificial Intelligence says about explaining Hegel's logic to a child :<



https://www.google.com/search?q=how+do+you+explain+hegel%27s+logic+to+a+student+%3F.&client=safari&sca_esv=2fdb4996cfdf24b0&hl=en-us&sxsrf=AE3TifOnA9W66oz8ryPjdFfClDssvq0utg%3A1756247228231&ei=vDSuaObkDYOnptQP59TDkA8&oq=how+do+you+explain+hegel%27s+logic+to+a+student+%3F.&gs_lp=EhNtb2JpbGUtZ3dzLXdpei1zZXJwIjBob3cgZG8geW91IGV4cGxhaW4gaGVnZWwncyBsb2dpYyB0byBhIHN0dWRlbnQgPy4yChAAGLADGNYEGEcyChAAGLADGNYEGEcyChAAGLADGNYEGEcyChAAGLADGNYEGEcyChAAGLADGNYEGEcyChAAGLADGNYEGEcyChAAGLADGNYEGEcyChAAGLADGNYEGEdIqxVQAFgAcAN4AZABAJgBAKABAKoBALgBA8gBAJgCA6ACCpgDAIgGAZAGCJIHATOgBwCyBwC4BwDCBwUwLjIuMcgHCA&sclient=mobile-gws-wiz-serp<


AI: "Hegel's logic is a dynamic system of dialectics, where concepts develop through contradiction and negation, moving from simple, abstract ideas to more complex and concrete ones. Instead of a static set of rules for formal reasoning, Hegel's logic analyzes the internal tensions within categories of thought to reveal how they transform into their opposites, leading to a higher unity. For example, the pure concept of "being" is revealed to be inadequate and dissolves into its opposite, "nothing," which in turn reveals the higher concept of "becoming". This process pushes concepts to their limits, generating new, more complete ideas until the Absolute Idea is reached. google.com<


This video explains the concept of dialectics in a simplified way:<


https://youtu.be/YmWNBXPVegU?si=ycqQMSRuNFxVHH06 <



• 1m Philosophy for Where We Find Ourselves • YouTube • Sep 23, 2024 Here's a step-by-step way to explain it to a student: 1. Understand the Goal: Hegel's logic isn't about formal rules like traditional logic; it's a theory of thinking and the development of concepts. Its goal is to show how thought progresses to its most comprehensive form. &<


2. Start with the Simplest Concepts:<


Hegel begins with the most abstract and indeterminate concept: Being. It is pure and has no qualities, which makes it difficult to grasp. @ 3. Introduce Contradiction and Negation: • If pure Being is contentless and nothing specific, it becomes identical with Nothing. e • This back-and-forth between Being and Nothing reveals a higher, more dynamic concept: Becoming. & 4. Explain the Dialectical Process: • Thesis, Antithesis, Synthesis: The process moves through a pattern where a concept (thesis) is challenged by its opposite (antithesis), and their conflict leads to a new, higher-level concept (synthesis). o • Internal Tension: Each concept, when examined closely, reveals its own internal contradictions and limitations. • Negation: This internal tension, or negativity, is the driving force. It "negates" the static, particular aspects of a concept, making it fluid and leading it to its opposite. 5. From Abstract to Concrete: The process continues, with each new concept revealing its own inadequacies and being superseded by a more comprehensive one. This is like climbing a ladder of concepts, each step leading to a more complete and "concrete" understanding of reality. 6. The Final Goal: This dialectical movement ends with the Absolute Idea, which is the complete system of thought where all categories are unified. You can watch this video to learn about the structure of Hegel's logic: THE SCIENCE OF LOGIC <


https://youtu.be/NmbhVUHjLgQ?si=2ILlW3CIod8gV2zo <


Logic as Development: Think of logic as a process of growth or development, not a fixed set of rules.<



• Contradictions are Key: Contradictions are not failures but the engine of philosophical progress.



• Content and Form are Linked: In Hegel's logic, the form of thinking and the content it thinks about are not separate but intrinsically linked.


In Hegel's philosophy, the idea that the form of thinking and the content it thinks about are intrinsically linked means that our mental categories are not just empty containers but are shaped and developed by the reality they seek to understand. This represents a profound break from traditional philosophy, which typically treats the rules of logic as separate from the world. <


The breakdown of the formal/content distinction

To understand Hegel's approach, consider how it differs from formal logic. Formal logic sees the validity of an argument as depending solely on its structure, regardless of the subject matter. For example, a formal logician can analyze the form of the argument "If pigs fly, then hell has frozen over; pigs fly, therefore hell has frozen over," and determine that it is valid, even though the content is absurd.


Hegel's dialectical logic rejects this split. He argues that logical forms are not external or abstract but are generated by the content of pure thought itself. A book, for instance, is not a book because of an empty form, but because its content is fully expressed by its form.

The dialectical process and self-moving content


Hegel's logic is a dynamic, developmental process that progresses through contradictions. In this process, the content literally moves itself and generates its own form.

Pure being and pure nothing: In the Science of Logic, Hegel begins with the most abstract, "contentless" categories: pure being and pure nothing. The thought of "pure being" (being without any particular qualities) turns out to be identical to "pure nothing" (complete emptiness).

The birth of new content: This immediate, self-contradictory relationship generates a new, more concrete concept: "becoming." Becoming, or the transition between being and nothing, contains both of its predecessors as its content. The form of this new concept is the dialectical movement itself.


Form becomes content: As the dialectical process unfolds, the content enriches itself by producing and resolving new contradictions. The logical form developed at an earlier stage becomes the content for a new, higher-level form. For example, the movement of thought from the categories of Being to Essence to the Concept shows the form of thinking becoming more and more adequate to its content until the distinction is overcome entirely.


The identity of thought and reality By arguing that the categories of thought develop from their own internal content, Hegel collapses the traditional distinction between the knowing subject and the known object.


Against Kant: Immanuel Kant famously argued that our minds impose categories (such as space, time, and causality) on a reality that remains ultimately unknowable.


Hegel's response: Hegel, by contrast, claims that the "categories of thought are not mere mental constructs but reflect the actual structure of reality". The development of logical categories within our minds mirrors the unfolding of reality itself, so understanding the laws of logic is equivalent to understanding the fundamental laws of existence.

This is the meaning behind Hegel's famous phrase, "What is rational is actual and what is actual is rational." He did not mean that everything that happens is good or justified but that the rational structure of reality and the process of thinking are fundamentally identical.

3. What is the Subject Matter of Hegel's Logic? You Tube • Andy Blunden What is Hegel Science of Log Mar 2, 2014 -

No more Export of Raw materials from Uganda: Trump Rejected!

https://youtu.be/x3zhpnIT8ec?si=f7Fl40CXrfAwPkLa

Bessent, Lutnik , Republican Prez : Three Stooges of international commerce

longer feasible now thanks to his tariff war. It's another good example of blocking the exits to make a point. Now, Brazil actually was talking with the US to develop rare earths. The plan was to get US money and assistance to build up Brazil's vast amounts of rare earths locked in the ground. This is the second largest stockpile in the world. And yes, rare earths are controlled by Brazil and it's within the Western Hemisphere. The US could actually be self-sufficient in rare earths without China. But what did the bunch of geniuses do in Washington? Of course, we're talking about Lutnik, Besson, and Trump. Well, the three heroes decided to hit Brazil with big brutal tariffs. It's even worse in 13:43 China. A 50% tariff basically makes Well, the three 1 13:47 developing any minds impossible. And

Stop fake “celebrating “ Martin Luther King , America, when you murdered him and murdered his legacy <


Commentary: THE END OF CIVIL RIGHTS (1964-2025) – by Edmond W. Davis Fisher Jack <


https://l.smartnews.com/p-64LMpSUw/CIHG9Y

No progress without struggle -Frederick Douglass The struggle continues; more victories are certain; freedom is a constant struggle, especially electoral class struggle. Campaign for Democratic votes everyday some kinda way ; abolish the Republican Party as We, the Majority, know it as California has.

"Make America Gavin Again."

Red , Yellow, Brown, Black and White unite and fight the 1%

http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2022/06/winston-explains-marx-on-white-skin.html

DTE Electric contractors trimming trees Tree trimming helps boost reliability Crews are working throughout Detroit over the next few months to trim more than 150 miles of trees near DTE's electric service lines. This builds on our progress of already trimming more than 190 miles in Detroit this year.<


Fallen trees are responsible for nearly half the time our customers spend without power - which is why we're prioritizing tree trimming to improve your electric service.


Here's how DTE trims trees: Trimming trees video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LhfIN7-C8HQ&t=1s&pp=2AEBkAIB<



Trimming and removing trees is just one part of our work to build the grid of the future. We're also installing smart devices, upgrading existing equipment and rebuilding significant portions of the grid.

Traore , 21st Century Fidel Castro ; Carib Revolution: Jamaica ABANDONS Britain FOREVER - 4.3 Million Join Ibrahim Traoré's Africa

https://youtu.be/gTlvm14SKpY?si=SXTCKsVzUzwYwgqo

Michelle Alexander, author of The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, delivers the 30th Annual George E. Kent Lecture. February 21, 2013

https://youtu.be/Gln1JwDUI64?si=4VStf-FPZ-odY2y1 US is most authoritarian country in the world <



• with the Republican Political Racketeering Regime , US authoritarinism is aggravated to KKK fascism in 2025 <


Al Overview W¾5 +8 "The New Jim Crow" refers to a book by Michelle Alexander arguing that the U.S. criminal justice system, particularly the "war on drugs," has created a new form of racialized social control in America. This system, while seemingly race-neutral, disproportionately targets and incarcerates Black men, effectively creating a new underclass subject to legal discrimination and social exclusion similar to the Jim Crow era.


Here's a more detailed breakdown: The Old Jim Crow:

This refers to the system of state and local laws enacted in the South after Reconstruction (1877-1964) that legalized segregation and discrimination against African Americans.

The New Jim Crow: Alexander argues that mass incarceration, driven largely by the "war on drugs," whych is really a "war on Black and Brown People functions as a new form of racial control. ( CB: it is part of the Republican Party War on the Poor ) <


Key Arguments:

• Disproportionate Impact: Black men are disproportionately arrested, convicted, and incarcerated for drug offenses, despite similar rates of drug use across racial groups. o


• Legalized Discrimination: Felony convictions result in a range of legal and social disabilities, including denial of voting rights, employment discrimination, and barriers to housing and education, effectively creating a second-class status for those labeled as felons.


• Race-Neutral Language: The system operates under the guise of colorblindness, but its impact is deeply racialized, perpetuating historical inequalities. Impact:


"The New Jim Crow" has been widely influential, prompting discussions about mass incarceration, racial justice, and the need for criminal justice reform. &

The New Jim Crow - Wikipedia The New Jim Alexander argues that mass incarceration, driven largely by the "war on drugs," functions as a new form of racial control. &

Key Arguments: • Disproportionate Impact: Black men are disproportionately arrested, convicted, and incarcerated for drug offenses, despite similar rates of drug use across racial groups. o

• Legalized Discrimination: Felony convictions result in a range of legal and social disabilities, including denial of voting rights, employment discrimination, and barriers to housing and education, effectively creating a second-class status for those labeled as felons. • Race-Neutral Language: The system operates under the guise of colorblindness, but its impact is deeply racialized, perpetuating historical inequalities. Impact: "The New Jim Crow" has been widely influential, prompting discussions about mass incarceration, racial justice, and the need for criminal justice reform. & The New Jim Crow - Wikipedia The New Jim

Marx’s scientific, natural historical epistemology/ theory of knowledge

AI:"In the preface to the first German edition of Capital, Volume I, Karl Marx states that he views the evolution of society's economic structures as a "process of natural history". & The specific passage is: "My standpoint, from which the evolution of the economic formation of society is viewed as a process of NATURAL HISTORY (emphasis added CB; you know like paleontology) can less than any other make the individual responsible for relations whose creature he socially remains, however much he may subjectively raise himself above them". ® This is also where Marx describes the "economic law of motion of modern society" as being driven by tendencies that work with "iron necessity" towards "inevitable results" ・ <


In the preface to the first German edition of Capital, Volume I, Karl Marx states that he views the evolution of society's economic structures as a "process of natural history". & The specific passage is:


"My standpoint, from which the evolution of the economic formation of society is viewed as a process of NATURAL HISTORY (emphasis added -CB), can less than any other make the individual responsible for relations whose creature he socially remains, however much he may subjectively raise himself above them". ® This is also where Marx describes the "economic law of motion of modern society" as being driven by tendencies that work with "iron necessity" towards "inevitable results" ・ Karl Marx Capital Volume One 1867 Preface to the First German Edition

The work, the first volume of which I now submit to the public, forms the continuation of my Zur Kritik der Politischen Oekonomie (A Contribution to the Criticism of Political Economy) published in 1859. The long pause between the first part and the continuation is due to an illness of many years’ duration that again and again interrupted my work. The substance of that earlier work is summarised in the first three chapters of this volume. This is done not merely for the sake of connexion and completeness. The presentation of the subject matter is improved. As far as circumstances in any way permit, many points only hinted at in the earlier book are here worked out more fully, whilst, conversely, points worked out fully there are only touched upon in this volume. The sections on the history of the theories of value and of money are now, of course, left out altogether. The reader of the earlier work will find, however, in the notes to the first chapter additional sources of reference relative to the history of those theories.


Every beginning is difficult, holds in all sciences. To understand the first chapter, especially the section that contains the analysis of commodities, will, therefore, present the greatest difficulty. That which concerns more especially the analysis of the substance of value and the magnitude of value, I have, as much as it was possible, popularised. [1] The value-form, whose fully developed shape is the money-form, is very elementary and simple. Nevertheless, the human mind has for more than 2,000 years sought in vain to get to the bottom of it all, whilst on the other hand, to the successful analysis of much more composite and complex forms, there has been at least an approximation. Why? Because the body, as an organic whole, is more easy of study than are the cells of that body. In the analysis of economic forms, moreover, neither microscopes nor chemical reagents are of use. The force of abstraction must replace both. But in bourgeois society, the commodity-form of the product of labour — or value-form of the commodity — is the economic cell-form. To the superficial observer, the analysis of these forms seems to turn upon minutiae. It does in fact deal with minutiae, but they are of the same order as those dealt with in microscopic anatomy.


With the exception of the section on value-form, therefore, this volume cannot stand accused on the score of difficulty. I presuppose, of course, a reader who is willing to learn something new and therefore to think for himself. The physicist either observes physical phenomena where they occur in their most typical form and most free from disturbing influence, or, wherever possible, he makes experiments under conditions that assure the occurrence of the phenomenon in its normality. In this work I have to examine the capitalist mode of production, and the conditions of production and exchange corresponding to that mode. Up to the present time, their classic ground is England. That is the reason why England is used as the chief illustration in the development of my theoretical ideas. If, however, the German reader shrugs his shoulders at the condition of the English industrial and agricultural labourers, or in optimist fashion comforts himself with the thought that in Germany things are not nearly so bad; I must plainly tell him, “De te fabula narratur!” [It is of you that the story is told. – Horace]

Intrinsically, it is not a question of the higher or lower degree of development of the social antagonisms that result from the natural laws of capitalist production. It is a question of these laws themselves, of these tendencies working with iron necessity towards inevitable results. The country that is more developed industrially only shows, to the less developed, the image of its own future.


But apart from this. Where capitalist production is fully naturalised among the Germans (for instance, in the factories proper) the condition of things is much worse than in England, because the counterpoise of the Factory Acts is wanting. In all other spheres, we, like all the rest of Continental Western Europe, suffer not only from the development of capitalist production, but also from the incompleteness of that development.


Alongside the modern evils, a whole series of inherited evils oppress us, arising from the passive survival of antiquated modes of production, with their inevitable train of social and political anachronisms. We suffer not only from the living, but from the dead. Le mort saisit le vif! [The dead holds the living in his grasp. – formula of French common law] The social statistics of Germany and the rest of Continental Western Europe are, in comparison with those of England, wretchedly compiled. But they raise the veil just enough to let us catch a glimpse of the Medusa head behind it. We should be appalled at the state of things at home, if, as in England, our governments and parliaments appointed periodically commissions of inquiry into economic conditions; if these commissions were armed with the same plenary powers to get at the truth; if it was possible to find for this purpose men as competent, as free from partisanship and respect of persons as are the English factory-inspectors, her medical reporters on public health, her commissioners of inquiry into the exploitation of women and children, into housing and food. Perseus wore a magic cap down over his eyes and ears as a make-believe that there are no monsters. Let us not deceive ourselves on this. As in the 18th century, the American war of independence sounded the tocsin for the European middle class, so that in the 19th century, the American Civil War sounded it for the European working class. In England the process of social disintegration is palpable. When it has reached a certain point, it must react on the Continent. There it will take a form more brutal or more humane, according to the degree of development of the working class itself. Apart from higher motives, therefore, their own most important interests dictate to the classes that are for the nonce the ruling ones, the removal of all legally removable hindrances to the free development of the working class. For this reason, as well as others, I have given so large a space in this volume to the history, the details, and the results of English factory legislation. One nation can and should learn from others. And even when a society has got upon the right track for the discovery of the natural laws of its movement — and it is the ultimate aim of this work, to lay bare the economic law of motion of modern society — it can neither clear by bold leaps, nor remove by legal enactments, the obstacles offered by the successive phases of its normal development. But it can shorten and lessen the birth-pangs.

To prevent possible misunderstanding, a word. I paint the capitalist and the landlord in no sense couleur de rose [i.e., seen through rose-tinted glasses]. But here individuals are dealt with only in so far as they are the personifications of economic categories, embodiments of particular class-relations and class-interests. My standpoint, from which the evolution of the economic formation of society is viewed as a process of natural history, can less than any other make the individual responsible for relations whose creature he socially remains, however much he may subjectively raise himself above them.

In the domain of Political Economy, free scientific inquiry meets not merely the same enemies as in all other domains. The peculiar nature of the materials it deals with, summons as foes into the field of battle the most violent, mean and malignant passions of the human breast, the Furies of private interest. The English Established Church, e.g., will more readily pardon an attack on 38 of its 39 articles than on 1/39 of its income. Now-a-days atheism is culpa levis [a relatively slight sin, c.f. mortal sin], as compared with criticism of existing property relations. Nevertheless, there is an unmistakable advance. I refer, e.g., to the Blue book published within the last few weeks: “Correspondence with Her Majesty’s Missions Abroad, regarding Industrial Questions and Trades’ Unions.” The representatives of the English Crown in foreign countries there declare in so many words that in Germany, in France, to be brief, in all the civilised states of the European Continent, radical change in the existing relations between capital and labour is as evident and inevitable as in England. At the same time, on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean, Mr. Wade, vice-president of the United States, declared in public meetings that, after the abolition of slavery, a radical change of the relations of capital and of property in land is next upon the order of the day. These are signs of the times, not to be hidden by purple mantles or black cassocks. They do not signify that tomorrow a miracle will happen. They show that, within the ruling classes themselves, a foreboding is dawning, that the present society is no solid crystal, but an organism capable of change, and is constantly changing. The second volume of this book will treat of the process of the circulation of capital (Book II.), and of the varied forms assumed by capital in the course of its development (Book III.), the third and last volume (Book IV.), the history of the theory.

Every opinion based on scientific criticism I welcome. As to prejudices of so-called public opinion, to which I have never made concessions, now as aforetime the maxim of the great Florentine is mine:

“Segui il tuo corso, e lascia dir le genti.” [Follow your own course, and let people talk – paraphrased from Dante]

Karl Marx London July 25, 1867 Footnotes <


[1] This is the more necessary, as even the section of Ferdinand Lassalle’s work against Schulze-Delitzsch, in which he professes to give “the intellectual quintessence” of my explanations on these subjects, contains important mistakes. If Ferdinand Lassalle has borrowed almost literally from my writings, and without any acknowledgement, all the general theoretical propositions in his economic works, e.g., those on the historical character of capital, on the connexion between the conditions of production and the mode of production, &c., &c., even to the terminology created by me, this may perhaps be due to purposes of propaganda. I am here, of course, not speaking of his detailed working out and application of these propositions, with which I have nothing to do. Transcribed by Zodiac Html Markup by Stephen Baird (1999)

CB: A POLITICAL ECONOMIC INVENTION : SPINOZA DISCOVERED That the GOD of ABRAHAM Was a POLITICAL INVENTION

SPINOZA DISCOVERED That the GOD of ABRAHAM Was a POLITICAL INVENTION (And The Church Keeps It Silent<


https://youtu.be/EgtN2WzlblY?si=ic4sBjR_Y39KBnTo <


2.5K Likes 67,535 Views Aug7 2025 #ChurchSecrets #HiddenTruth #SpinozaReveals


SPINOZA's analysis of ancient texts revealed a shocking truth - the God of Abraham may have been a political creation, not a divine being. And the Church has kept this buried for centuries. This revelation shakes the foundation of faith.

#SpinozaReveals #GodAndPolitics #HiddenTruth #FaithAndPower #ChurchSecrets Transcript Follow along using the transcript. Show transcript Marx on Spinoza by analogy to Hegel, Hegel and Spinoza are not dead dogs : "The mystifying side of Hegelian dialectic I criticised nearly thirty years ago, at a time when it was still the fashion. But just as I was working at the first volume of Das Kapital, it was the good pleasure of the peevish, arrogant, mediocre Ἐπίγονοι [Epigones — Büchner, Dühring and others] who now talk large in cultured Germany, to treat Hegel in same way as the brave Moses Mendelssohn in Lessing’s time treated Spinoza, i.e., as a “dead dog.” I therefore openly avowed myself the pupil of that mighty thinker, and even here and there, in the chapter on the theory of value, coquetted with the modes of expression peculiar to him. The mystification which dialectic suffers in Hegel’s hands, by no means prevents him from being the first to present its general form of working in a comprehensive and conscious manner. With him it is standing on its head. It must be turned right side up again, if you would discover the rational kernel within the mystical shell." <


AI Overview +5 Karl Marx, in his 1845 work The Holy Family, acknowledged and engaged with Spinoza's philosophy by strategically analyzing the historical reception of Spinoza's work through the lens of Bruno Bauer's interpretation, which treated Spinoza as a figure split between deism and materialism. While not a direct influence, Marx recognized Spinoza's emphasis on immanent causality (God as nature) and the power of affects, using these concepts to inform his own work on ideology, subjectivity, and the transformation of thought into material force. Later interpretations of Spinozist Marxism, particularly through scholars like Jason Read, expanded on these connections, viewing Spinoza as providing a philosophical framework for understanding the historical determination of desire, the role of theory in social change, and the limits of capitalist ideology. Key points from Marx's engagement with Spinoza: Strategic Engagement: In The Holy Family, Marx uses Spinoza to critique the Hegelian Bruno Bauer, framing Spinoza's system as a point of contention and analysis for understanding historical and ideological struggles. Immanent Causality: Marx recognized and built upon Spinoza's concept of "God, that is nature," understanding this as a critique of transcendent, external forces and an emphasis on the intrinsic, immanent causes within the world itself. Affects and Ideology: Scholars argue that Marx's theory of how ideas become a "material force" when they "grip the masses" has a direct corollary in Spinoza's exploration of affects and the relationship between thought and action. Later interpretations and the "Spinozist Marxism" connection: Subjectivity and Social Relations: Spinoza's ideas on desire, affects, and the way individuals are shaped by their relations are seen as crucial for understanding the constitution of subjectivity under capitalism. Critique of Ideology: Spinoza's philosophy provides tools for understanding how ideology functions as a mechanism for producing subjectivity and shaping people's relationship to their social world. Transforming Thought into Action: Spinoza's focus on the need for ideas to become lived experiences, not just abstract contemplation, aligns with Marx's call for theory to become a material force for change. Shared Materialism: Both Spinoza and Marx are seen as materialists who prioritize understanding individuals and society in terms of their relations within both history and nature, rather than from an individualistic perspective. Marx's Anomalous Reading of Spinoza - Public Policy Program From a comment in his 1845 Holy Family, it is clear that Marx understands the difficulty in the reception of Spinoza as a question of two competing strate- gies... Public Policy Program

in camps, under trees and evicted - photo exhibit by david bacon Is this email not displaying correctly? View it in your browser. IN CAMPS, UNDER TREES AND EVICTED Farmworkers and people living close to the line in Northern California An exhibition of photographs by David Bacon September 13 - December 1 Reception: Saturday, September 13, 2025 6 - 7:30 p.m. Peter J. Shields Library, UC Davis First Floor 100 North West Quad, Davis, CA 95616 Shield Library Parking: UCD Parking Lot 10 EN CAMPAMENTOS, BAJO LOS ÁRBOLES Y DESALOJADOS Trabajadores agrícolas y personas que viven cerca de la línea en el norte de California Una exposición de fotografías de David Bacon 13 de septiembre - 1 de diciembre Recepción: sábado 13 de septiembre de 2025 6 - 7:30 pm Biblioteca Peter J. Shields, UC Davis Primer piso 100 North West Quad, Davis, CA 95616 Estacionamiento de la Biblioteca Shield: Estacionamiento UCD Lote 10   Saturday, September 13, 2025 6 - 7:30 p.m. (in-person session) First Floor, Peter J. Shields Library, UC Davis 100 North West Quad, Davis, CA 95616 (see location on Google Maps or UC Davis campus map) Shield Library Parking: UCD Parking Lot 10 (see location on UC Davis campus map)     Join us for the opening reception for In Camps, Under Trees and Evicted: Farmworkers and People Living Close to the Line in Northern California, an exhibition of photography by acclaimed photojournalist David Bacon. ​Over 35 years, Bacon has captured the often-invisible lives of farmworkers and working-class communities, showcasing their resilience, struggles, and movements for justice. ​This powerful collection offers a window into their fight for decent living conditions, fair wages, and legal immigration status. ​The evening will include a Q&A session with David Bacon, providing an opportunity to hear firsthand about his experiences documenting these stories and his hopes for inspiring a new generation of documentary artists and activists. Don't miss this chance to engage with this powerful artwork and the artist behind it. Please contact Joseph de Groot with any questions.   Follow UC Davis School of Law online! Facebook Instagram LinkedIn Web X UC DAVIS SCHOOL OF LAW 400 Mrak Hall Drive | Davis, CA 95616 law.ucdavis.edu "The Military Response to Sanctuary Cities and Immigrants' Right to Work Letters and Politics: Mitch Jeserich interviews David Bacon: KPFA, June 10, 2025 https://kpfa.org/episode/letters-and-politics-june-10-2025/ Immigrant Workers and the Recent History of Immigration Raids A presentation by David Bacon at the UCLA Latin American Institute, with photographs and transcript. 3/11/25 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5FlsyWTBWso David Bacon @photos4justice on the daily lives and ongoing struggles (both personal and political) of farmworkers - interview -Against the Grain with C.S. Soong https://x.com/radioagainst/status/1848820503898710137 Pushing Forward: Organizing in a Post Trump Reelection US November 22, 2024 by A Public Affair https://www.wortfm.org/pushing-forward-organizing-in-a-post-trump-reelection-us/ On today’s two part show, Esty Dinur speaks with photojournalist David Bacon who has a long history of documenting and fighting for immigrant rights. BOOKS - LIBROS More Than a Wall / Mas que un muro El Colegio de la Frontera Norte https://david-bacon-photography.square.site/product/more-than-a-wall-mas-que-un-muro/1?cp=true&sa=true&sbp=false&q=false In the Fields of the North / En los campos del norte University of California Press / Colegio de la Frontera Norte ucpress.edu/9780520296077 En Mexico: https://www.colef.mx The Right to Stay Home: How US Policy Drives Mexican Migration (Beacon Press, 2013) http://www.beacon.org/productdetails.cfm?PC=2328 El Derecho a Quedarse en Casa (Critica - Planeta de Libros) http://www.planetadelibros.com.mx/el-derecho-a-quedarse-en-casa-libro-205607.html Illegal People -- How Globalization Creates Migration and Criminalizes Immigrants (Beacon Press, 2008) Recipient: C.L.R. James Award, best book of 2007-2008 http://www.beacon.org/Illegal-People-P780.aspx Communities Without Borders (Cornell University/ILR Press, 2006) https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9780801473074/communities-without-borders/#bookTabs=1 The Children of NAFTA, Labor Wars on the U.S./Mexico Border (University of California, 2004) https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520244726/the-children-of-nafta Hijos de Libre Comercio (El Viejo Topo) http://www.tienda.elviejotopo.com/prestashop/capitalismo/1080-hijos-del-libre-comercio-deslocalizaciones-y-precariedad-9788496356368.html WORK AND SOCIAL JUSTICE: The David Bacon Archive exhibition at Stanford Libraries https://exhibits.stanford.edu/bacon/browse For a catalog: (https://web.stanford.edu/dept/spec_coll/NonVendorPubOrderform2017.pdf) THE REALITY CHECK - David Bacon blog http://davidbaconrealitycheck.blogspot.com For more articles and images, see http://dbacon.igc.org and https://www.flickr.com/photos/56646659@N05/albums BROOKE ANDERSON PODCAST #8 That's How the Light Gets In 🔗 LISTEN: https://linktr.ee/thatshowthelightgetsinpodcast (or anywhere you get your podcasts) MAS QUE UN MURO Cinco Entrivistas sobre la exposicion en el Museo Nacional de las Culturas del Mundo, CDMX: Part 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6eix0HEStpc Part 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FO4IIBPs06U Part 3: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VHtY-fgtsjs Part 4: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xm_MNrEX2Mw Part 5: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MpwSuBbgAQs Pacific Media Workers Guild, CWA Local 39521, adopted a resolution supporting the Labor Call for a Ceasefire in Gaza: https://mediaworkers.org/guild-joins-calls-for-immediate-ceasefire-in-gaza/ WHEN WE SPOKE OUT AGAINST WAR Unearthing the history of protest against the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan Photographs © by David Bacon https://www.flickr.com/photos/56646659@N05/52759801492/in/album-72177720306862427/ Copyright © 2025 David Bacon Photographs and Stories, All rights reserved. you're on this list because of your interest in david bacon's photographs and stories Our mailing address is: David Bacon Photographs and Stories address on request Oakland, Ca 94601 Add us to your address book unsubscribe from this list

"Subject: ICE beating protesters; White Only real estate development The ICE beating was on a bridge over the Kentucky / Ohio border. Unknown what agency the violent provocateurs are from. The New York Times says people in Arkansas building a whites-only residential project think that today's courts will uphold their racist intent. See attached article. If you are not now in the fight to stop the emerging racist police state, you are making it harder to stop it as it builds strength."

Umoja ! Unity ! Long Live the African Revolution, Long Live !

Four Flags, One Fire - How Traoré and Southern Africa Just Changed Everything.<


https://youtu.be/ar13pMzlZpY?si=kXOGimIs8jksuYm2 <



#ibrahimtraore #africansovereignty #NatumbboNandinua Video Description: Ibrahim Traoré and Natumbbo Nandinua just lit a fire that four African nations now carry. From the Sahel to the South, colonial borders are being erased-and a new sovereignty is taking root. In this episode, we witness how Traore's vision for a sovereign Sahel echoes across Southern Africa.<


Namibia, Zambia, Botswana, and Burkina Faso are no longer asking for permission. They're forming a united front-removing passports, nationalising oil, rejecting exploitation, and calling out colonial crimes.

From ID cards to energy policy, from reparations to regional integration-Africa is no longer for sale. This is the blueprint for dignity, unity, and self-determination. Subscribe if you believe Africa's rise00:00 - [The Lioness Rises - Nandinua Begins Namibia's Unwritten Revolution] 02:00 - [One Border, One People - ID Cards Replace Passports Across Southern Africa] 04:00 - [Economics of Unity - Trade Corridors and Pride Replace Colonial Paperwork] 05:30 - [Namibia Seizes Control - Oil Nationalisation Stuns the West] 07:00 - [History Confronted - Herero and Nama Reparations Demand Shakes Germany] 08:20 - [Namibia Says No — Gates Foundation Trials Rejected in Defence of Dignity] 10:00 - [A Nation Reacts - Women, Youth, and the Region Rally Behind Her Defiance] 12:00 - [Reform from Within - Education, Housing, Anti-Corruption, and Cabinet Overhaul] 17:00 - [A Regional Blueprint — Nandinua's Model Inspires Zambia, Botswana, and Beyond] 21:00 - [Africa No Longer Bows - Traoré, Nandinua, and the Multipolar Momentum] 21:00 - [Africa No Longer Bows - Traoré, Nandinua, and the Multipolar Momentum] #burkinafasonews #SouthernAfricaUnity #AfricanLeadership #africarising #NamibiaZambiaBotswana #GermanyReparationsNamibia #SahelAESAlliance

"Title is sarcasm. Aptheker was fighting racists who were doing the same thing as Trump ; trying to “whitewash “ slavery . Heavenly Days in Dixie: Or, The Time of Their Lives" is a work by Herbert Aptheker, published in 1975. /

Trump, 79, Tells Smithsonian to Stop Saying 'How Bad Slavery Was'<


"Heavenly Days in Dixie: Or, The Time of Their Lives" is a work by Herbert Aptheker, published in 1975. Title is sarcasm. Aptheker was fighting racists who were doing the same thing as Trump ; trying to “whitewash “ slavery . It's a book that explores the history of slavery in the United States, focusing on the experiences and perspectives of enslaved people. The title is sarcastic / ironic or contrasting view of the "days" of slavery, hinting at the harsh realities beneath the romanticized image of the "Old South". Here's a more detailed breakdown: Focus on Slavery: The book's subject matter is slavery in the United States, a topic Aptheker frequently addressed in his work. Sh Q Heavenly Days in Dixie -Herbert Aptheker The book's subject matter is slavery in the United States, a topic Aptheker frequently addressed in his work. Title Significance: The title "Heavenly Days in Dixie" is an ironic or satirical reference to the idealized version of the antebellum South often presented in popular culture. The phrase "The Time of Their Lives" further emphasizes this ironic tone, suggesting the experiences of enslaved people during this period were far from ideal. Herbert Aptheker's Background: Aptheker was a Marxist historian known for his work on African American history, particularly slavery and the Civil War. Themes: The book examines the brutality of slavery, the resistance efforts of enslaved people, and the social and economic structures that perpetuated the institution.

In Wake of Trump Tariffs, John Deere Announces Mass Layoffs <



Robert McCoy John Deere has been hit hard by President Donald Trump’s tariffs. The farm equipment manufacturer and industry bellwether just announced mass layoffs affecting more than 200 workers at three Midwestern plants.<


https://l.smartnews.com/p-62ubqwjm/5n7W7V

Comedic logic is superior to vainglorious logic - Hegel / Newsome for Prez !!

charles brown : I’ve been saying Dem candidate should be Newsome since last year . He’s got the right formula. Other Dems should use it .<


Newsom Blasts Dana Perino After Wife Comment: "Fox Hates That I Am America's Favorite Governor" <


Perino: You have to stop at with the Twitter thing. If I were his wife, I would say you are making a fool of yourself, stop it… He's got a big job as governor of California but if he wants an even bigger job, he has to be a little more serious.


Unchastened, Newsom - who has been praised on the left for trying to change up the ineffective messaging woes of Democrats in general - hit back through his press office using his satirical version of Trump-speak. The Governor decidedly did not heed the advice of Perino. <



Newsom's post began: "DANA 'DING DONG' PERINO (NEVER HEARD OF HER UNTIL TO-DAY!) IS MELTING DOWN BECAUSE OF ME, GAVIN C. NEWSOM! FOX HATES THAT I AM AMERICA'S MOST FAVORITE GOVERNOR ('RATINGS KING')..." Governor Newsom Press Office & N @GovPressOffice • DANA "DING DONG" PERINO (NEVER HEARD OF HER UNTIL TODAY!) IS MELTING DOWN BECAUSE OF ME, GAVIN C. NEWSOM! FOX HATES THAT I AM AMERICA'S MOST FAVORITE GOVERNOR ("RATINGS KING") SAVING AMERICA - WHILE TRUMP CAN'T EVEN CONQUER THE "BIG" STAIRS ON AIR FORCE ONE ANYMORE!!! TRUMP HAS Show more 11:37 AM • Aug 19, 2025<



Democrats have for years tried to figure out the formula that a certain part of the electorate uses to interpret Trump, most famously expressed in the adage that one should "take him seriously but not literally." <


Trump flinging of insults and misinformation should not be seen as hurting his credibility - his credibility (which is why to take him "seri-ously") does not correlate, in the formula, with the actual credibility of his statements. Until recently, when Newsom started using Trump's style directly, Democrats have been unable to crack Trump's code, failing repeatedly to find a way to denigrate their opponents, mock and debase legitimate objections, and push out falsehoods with relative impunity. Democrats are still stinging from the fact that former First Lady Michelle Obama's famous dictum — "when they go low, we go high" — did not work out, whatever its intended nobili-ty. And liberal political advisors have been exclaiming ever since, largely in vain, that Democrats must go low instead, or at least play the same game Trump and MAGA are playing, eliding the hard facts at times — especially when they get in the way of an advantageous <



INOTE: In homage to Trump, Vice President JD Vance said that he promoted the debunked rumor that Haitians in Ohio were "eating the cats and dogs" of their neighbors, justifying his move by saying "if I have to create stories so that the American media actually pays attention to the suffering of the American people, then that's what l'm going to do."] Newsom appears to be the first big name Democrat to effectively go all in on the strategy, and the idea that it triggers a Fox News personality like Perino is part of the goal, not a flaw in the plan. In the attention economy - which Trump has excelled at manipulating — talking heads talking about you, kindly or not, is a win. Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene (R-GA) can attest, as can Rep. Lauren Boebert (R-CO) and Sen. Tommy Tuberville (R-AL) — to name just a few.<


anu te laed wat l thygers d rox lews personality like Perino is part of the goal, not a flaw in the plan. 凸<



Newsom's team is doing the culture wars with snark too, another Trump specialty - and the Governor is digging deep. It was almost a year ago that Trump posted "I hate Taylor Swift" after the singer endorsed Kamala Harris for president, a moment that remains perhaps the apotheosis of the POTUS-tweeting-like-Mean-Girls aesthetic. This week, Newsom's office posted, apropos of nothing, "I hate Kid Rock !!!" Rock, of course, is an avid MAGA booster and friend<




https://www.buzzfeed.com/mjs538/kid-rock-vs-gavin-newsom<


Gavin Newsom Just Did The Funniest Thing To Kid Rock, And He Totally Fell For It <


Remember when Donald Trump posted that Al picture of Taylor Swift back in September? Well, Gavin Newsom just did the same thing with one of Trump's *most famous* fans, Kid Rock.


It all started when Gov. Newsom's press office posted this, clearly fake, picture of Kid Rock: KID ROCK WANTS YOU TO SUPPORT GAVIN NEWSOM<


Kid Rock saw it and replied, "The only support Gavin Newscum will ever get out of me is from DEEZ NUTZ." KidRock & @KidRock 0 .. The only support Gavin Newscum will ever get out of me is<


Gov. Newsom then fittingly posted "I HATE KID ROCK !!!" Governor Newsom Press Office & @GovPressOffice I HATE KID ROCK !!! - GCN 9:56 AM • Aug 19, 2025 • 528.5K Views GovPressOffice/x.com Remind you of something? Donald J. Trump 9 0 @realDonald Trump I HATE TAYLOR SWIFT! 12.4k ReTruths 58.8k Likes

https://www.midwesternmarx.com/articles/how-hollywood-tv-and-gaming-brainwashes-you-by-haz-al-din

The Most Excellent Political Economist, MICHAEL HUDSON

https://youtu.be/sYMUa8DEO8k?si=zuEuLfNgS4sySRhU<


Who Writes the New Rules? A Return to Keynes' Forgotten Bancor Plan?| Michael Hudson 1K Likes 23,949 Views Aug8 2025 In this video, economist and author Michael Hudson analyzes the fundamental reasons why Global South nations have struggled to develop in the postwar era. He argues that to break free from the debt traps embedded in the postwar economic order, debt restructuring is far from sufficient - debts must be explicitly repudiated. Hudson also offers profound insights into what the global economy could look like after the collapse of the dollar-based system, and how a new order might emerge. How this content was made

https://youtu.be/GiLgDW20w98?si=SW1KCiICvVPGH0sK<


Wow! Burkina Faso Hits 7 Million Tons of Food Harvest - Ibrahim Traoré Makes History. 531 Likes 10,713 Views Aug 18<


President Ibrahim Traore is a Great Leader and Loves all his People and his Continent a 凸18 ⑦回 @infansocamara4544 • 1d ago Wow. Congratulations Burkinabes proud Áfricans peoples. Thanks. 凸 16 回 ^ @DGul-hf2yw BRAVO PRÉSIDENT IBRAHIM TRAORECongratulations Burkina Faso longlive Mr pres Ibrahim Traore 凸14⑦日 @ @BurkinaPulse • 1d ago Wow... 7 million tons! This is how sovereignty looks in practice. 凸 14 ⑦回 @sixwingsram • 1d ago Traore serves his people and his country. I wish we could say the same about our leaders This is a Holy fire that will cover the globe and remain 凸6 ⑦回 @DidibriKa • 22h ago Wauw Bigg up Burkina Faso! bigg up Ibrahim Traore！！ぎぎ 66日 @ @tranciswilliams2552 - 11h ago. President Traore, you and your people Are outstanding God's blessing to you, all Amen 62の日 Good luck Burkina Faso... 凸4 ⑦回 @charmaineaird7962 • 9h ago Thank God for the new JOSEPH GO Traroe Go pray Almighty God continue blessing over you 凸1 回 s @SaturdayOkosi • 10h ago President Ibrahim Traore is a GOOD LUCK to AFRICAN continent God will surely bless him and other African leaders who follow his footsteps 凸29 回 1 replv > Add a comment...

When US sanctions, China develop 1) Beidu satellite 2) space station 3) unmanned landing on moon 4) lithography machines & 5nm chips 5) quantum satellite 6) 5 and 6G 7) Al 8) EV 9)5 and 6th generation steal fighter 10) humanoid robotic

"The terrorism we are witnessing today comes from Imperialism and we are fighting it" - Ibrahim Traoré

Ujima / Collective Work and Responsibility : Turns Desert Into Water: How Burkina Faso Created an Ocean Out of Nothing

Ujima / Collective Work and Responsibility : Turns Desert Into Water: How Burkina Faso Created an Ocean Out of Nothing<


https://youtu.be/o6htDHFgsfA?si=tgcZZiQHosLqaQCM<


what made Ibrahim special was that he studied geology at the University of Wagadugu on a government scholarship. In his 10 years as a geologist, he traveled to all 48 provinces of Burkina Faso, understanding every inch of the land, until Ibrahim Trare appeared and changed the story entirely. Ibrahim Trare was not a typical politician or a product of 4:30 Western education. At 35, he came from a poor farming family in the rural region of Mahoon, a 4:38 place where many children had to drop out of school to herd cattle. His father was a barley farmer and his mother was a small trader selling vegetables at the local market. They were a family of eight siblings living in a mudbrick house with a thatched roof.<


But what made Ibrahim special was that he studied geology at the University of Wagadugu on a government scholarship. In his 10 years as a geologist, he traveled to all 48 provinces of Burkina Faso, understanding every inch of the land, every dry riverbed, every aquifer. He knew exactly where reservoirs could be dug, where wells could be drilled, and where trees could be planted to combat desertification. More and where trees could be planted to combat desertification.


More importantly, during his field trips, he 5:23 witnessed the miserable lives of his people firsthand. He saw mothers holding their crying children as their rice crops withered and died. He saw old men sitting sadly, looking at fields that were once green lack of will to harness them. Phase one was to mobilize the entire nation to dig 50,000 rainwater reservoirs within 6 months from March to August 2024. Each reservoir would have an average capacity of 5,000 cub m, the size of an Olympic swimming pool. The total capacity would be 250 million cubic meters of water.<


Phase 2 was to connect these reservoirs into an interconnected irrigation system through small canals, creating a network to irrigate 2 million 6:44 hectares of farmland, 10 times the existing irrigated area. Simultaneously, they would develop freshwater fish 6:52 farming in the reservoirs to increase capacity would be 250 million cubic meters of water. <


Phase 2 was to connect these reservoirs into an interconnected irrigation system through small canals, creating a network to irrigate 2 million hectares of farmland, 10 times the 6:47 existing irrigated area. Simultaneously, they would develop freshwater fish farming in the reservoirs to increase farmers income. <


Phase three was to 6:56 develop an ecoourism industry around the newly created green oasis, building 7:01 environmentally friendly resorts and 7:03 creating jobs for 5 million rural inhabitants. The goal was to turn Burkina Faso into a unique African tourist destination where 7:12 visitors could experience rural life and fish in crystal clearar lakes in the middle of the desert. And the most crucial point that Trrower emphasized 7:25 the people of Burkina Faso with the 7:28 resources of Burkina Faso based on the wisdom of Burkina Faso. Not one dollar 7:34 in aid, not one loan, not one foreign expert, no dependence on anyone. And then on the morning of March 15th, 2024, the miracle began as the sound of drums signaling the launch of Operation Green Sahel echoed from thousands of villages

http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2025/06/republican-prez-is-21st-century_12.html

China Supplies Burkina Faso with Game Changing Weapons 23K views 1d ago #BurkinaFaso ...more AFRICA Rise Of Africa 5.65K Subscribe 凸638 ⑦ • Share * Download Comments 67 May God bless the China president for standing up with our president Ibrahim to fight for Africa .<


https://youtu.be/3f_95iG-tRg?si=cKPxFJrjbbnMo0hX

Togo & Chad Just Teamed Up with AES - The West Wasn't Ready! * 488 views #brahimTraore ...more Untold Ibrahim Traore 1.44K Subscribe

Yes, many of Aristotle's ideas about science were incorrect, especially in the areas of physics and cos-mology. While he made sig- nificant contributions to logic and the classification of knowledge, his theories about the physical world were often based on observations that didn't fully reflect reality, leading to later corrections and advancements in science. • Here's a more detailed explanation: Correct Scientific Ideas: Scientific Method: Aristotle's emphasis on observing and gathering evidence, even if his interpretations were flawed, laid the groundwork for the scientific method. Logical Reasoning: His contributions to logic and systematic reasoning are still widely used and consideredScientific Method: Aristotle's emphasis on observing and gathering evidence, even if his interpretations were flawed, laid the groundwork for the scientific method. o Logical Reasoning: His contributions to logic and systematic reasoning are still widely used and considered foundational to scientific inquiry, according to Quora. @ Classification of Knowledge: He developed a system for classifying different branches of knowledge, which helped organize scientific thinking. ® Wrong Scientific Ideas: Physics: Aristotle's physics was based on the idea that objects fall at speeds proportional to their weight, a concept disproven by Galileo's experiments. He also believed that objects in motion need a continuous force to maintain their motion, which contradicted Newton's law of inertia. Cosmology: Aristotle believed in a geocentric model Physics: Aristotle's physics was based on the idea that objects fall at speeds proportional to their weight, a concept disproven by Galileo's experiments. He also believed that objects in motion need a continuous force to maintain their motion, which contradicted Newton's law of inertia. Cosmology: Aristotle believed in a geocentric model of the universe, with the Earth at the center and the sun, moon, and stars revolving around it. This was later disproven by Copernicus, Galileo, and Kepler. ® Biology: He believed in spontaneous generation of life, the idea that life could arise from non-living matter, which was later disproven by scientific experiments. He also mistakenly believed that whales were fish. & Astronomy: Aristotle believed that the celestial bodies were perfect and unchanging, and that they were alive, a concept that was also incorrect.

How many souls do Black Folk have ?

: CB explains Duboisian double consciousness and limit of assimilation <


Jackie Taylor


12 hrs · Cultural assimilation is the process by which a person or a group's language and/or culture come to resemble those of another group. The term is used both to refer to both individuals and groups, and in the latter case it can refer to either immigrant diasporas or native residents that come to be culturally dominated by another society.

Unlike · · Share


You, Abrihet Queen, Sturge Moreland, Jackie Taylor and 10 others like this. 1 share


Jackie Taylor Assimilation may involve either a quick or gradual change depending on circumstances of the group. Full assimilation occurs when new members of a society become indistinguishable from members of the other group.


12 hours ago · Like · 1


Jackie Taylor Assimilation (sociology), the blending or fusing of minority groups into the dominant society 12 hours ago · Like · 2


Steppinlil Gerald BLACK people follow white people culture AND EDUCATION I.E. AMERICANIZED....LOL 12 hours ago · Like · 1


Jackie Taylor We Are Going to be discussing Sociology, the study of us... 12 hours ago · Like · 2


Victor Wheeler Teach Sister Teach! 11 hrs · Like · 1


Charles Brown http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_consciousness Double consciousness - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia en.wikipedia.org Double consciousness is a term coined by W. E. B. Du Bois that refers to his famous theory of African American "double consciousness". The term originally referred to the psychological challenge of reconciling an African heritage with a European upbringing and education.[1] 11 hrs · Like · 1 · Remove Preview


Charles Brown " After the Egyptian and Indian, the Greek and Roman, the Teuton and Mongolian, the Negro is a sort of seventh son, born with a veil, and gifted with second-sight in this American world,—a world which yields him no true self-consciousness, but only lets him see himself through the revelation of the other world. It is a peculiar sensation, this double-consciousness, this sense of always looking at one’s self through the eyes of others, of measuring one’s soul by the tape of a world that looks on in amused contempt and pity. One ever feels his two-ness,—an American, a Negro; two souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled strivings; two warring ideals in one dark body, whose dogged strength alone keeps it from being torn asunder. 3 The history of the American Negro is the history of this strife,—this longing to attain self-conscious manhood, to merge his double self into a better and truer self. In this merging he wishes neither of the older selves to be lost. He would not Africanize America, for America has too much to teach the world and Africa. He would not bleach his Negro soul in a flood of white Americanism, for he knows that Negro blood has a message for the world. He simply wishes to make it possible for a man to be both a Negro and an American, without being cursed and spit upon by his fellows, without having the doors of Opportunity closed roughly in his face." http://www.bartleby.com/114/1.html I. Of Our Spiritual Strivings. Du Bois, W. E. B. 1903. The Souls of Black Folk www.bartleby.com


11 hrs · Like · 2 · Remove Preview Charles Brown How many souls (cultures) do Black Folks have ? Two, one Black and one white. 11 hrs · Like · 1


Afrikatheg Nation So has it ever worked? And when? If so 10 hrs · Like

Jackie Taylor Afrikatheg Nation I don't understand your question. 10 hrs · Like


Afrikatheg Nation The civil rights, was an attempt to assimilate those of african descent into American culture through white guilt. After a generation, and a black president, we are arguably worst of than when we got the right to vote in a plutocracy.( Lol) I don't think assimilation worked for us. I'm asking you if you know of it ever working out for any culture or race of people? 10 hrs · Like


Charles Brown On the other hand, having two souls can be an advantage, like being bi-lingual. Obama uses this advantage. 1 hr · Like · 2


Jackie Taylor Assimilation is what is happening to us right now. It has been working and is working now. We look and act more like them than our own culture. Most of us deny that we even have a culture. 1 hr · Unlike · 2


Afrikatheg Nation Working for who Jackie? From Booker t Washington, to Martin Luther King, the bet was on assimilation. As a race, a people, or just simply as descendent of Africa, has assimilation worked to improve our social mobility? And do you know any other group that it has worked for? 25 mins · Like


Afrikatheg Nation he doesn't have two souls. He is an opportunist. He uses his hue for political advantage when needed. While his political implementations bring about our demise. I.e education and economically. That ain't got nothing to do with a soul or 2 20 mins · Lik



Charles Brown White people only have one soul. Black people have to have a white soul, assimilate , to some extent because otherwise Black people couldn't get jobs, make a living in various ways. So, Black people are all on various combinations and proportions both "Black" and "white"; some more of one than the other and the other way around; some different qualities of Black or white, but combination, assimilation and affirmation , contradictorily combined. Thus, Black people are more dynamic, cultural innovators. Also, Black people are both inside and outside white society at the same time, so in general, Black people have a more objective view of white society, the dominant culture. We are good social scientists of American society. These are intellectual advantages that come from having two souls, the Two Souls of Black Folk and City Slickers. 13 mins · Like


Charles Brown White people will be sure that Black people will never be able to fully assimilate into white society and population. They think that darker, more so-called Negroid features will come to dominate their pure whiteness. That's why they instituted the one drop rule in America, way back whenever in the 1700's or 1800's. One drop of Negro makes one a Negro. You heard of that right ? smiles. There is a strict limit on how far y'all can assimilate set by The Man. See _The Isis Papers_ on white fear of dark physical features, skin color, facial features, hair texture. This is why Dubois's analysis is so unavoidable and advanced in understanding the American racist categories and dynamics, still, so many years after he wrote it. He was a scientist. Wrote the first scientific sociology text, _The Philadelphia Negro_, first by a person of any color. 3 mins · Like Charles Brown The irony is , white people , by segregating Black people from them, force Black people to continually make our own culture. So, we can be sure we still have our own culture. White people, who dominate, wouldn't have it any other way, ha ha.

Sunday 8-17-25 (today) at 3pm : Rally against Trump's military invasion of Washington D.C. See attached leaflet. <


A strong show of resistance is a deterent to a Trump invasion of Detroit. Trump said that he was going to invade "big, blue cities." Bring friends, neighbors and family. Stand with D.C. and for Detroit!


Detroit's Anti-Fascist Organizing Coalition (AFOC) is endorsing this call to action!

http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2021/12/materialism-necessity-and-freedom.html

https://www.peoplesworld.org/article/revisiting-dubois-landmark-book-the-world-and-africa/

Why Did Traoré Order Half-Moon Pits? Inside Africa's Largest Food Forest Project<


answer did not come from aid. It came from hands. The cracked hands of farmers, the steadfast minds of engineers, the fiery hearts of the 1:04 youth, the brave steps of soldiers 1:06 returning from the frontier. They did not carry rifles to the fields. They 1:10 carried shovels. And instead of bullets, 1:13 they forged a weapon silent yet fierce, the crescent-shaped pits. Across the 1:18 barren land, tens of thousands of half moons were dug like scars etched upon 1:23 the desert's skin. They captured every rare drop of rain, held on to every 1:28 fragile seed of life. Each pit became an oath. We will not bow. Young engineers from Wagadugu returned to villages side 1:37 by side with farming mothers, with 1:39 veterans transforming dead land into <


zone of the world. International 14:12 organizations are gradually forced to 14:14 recognize this. The UNCCCD, United Nations Convention to Combat 14:19 Desertification report affirms if the 14:22 land restoration model in Burkina Faso is scaled up, the entire Sahel belt 14:27 could become a global food basket,14:58 and challenging. President Ibrahim Trare does not hide his indignation. No IMF, 15:05 no great power will save us from hunger. It is our own people who save each other. That is not only a political 15:11 declaration, but a moral oath affirming national dignity. For in the 21st 15:16 century, there is no humiliation greater providing food not only for Africa but 14:31 also for world markets. The numbers are 14:33 no longer a dream. Every hectare 14:33 no longer a dream. Every hectare 14:36 restored in Burkina revives three 14:38 neighboring hectares thanks to water 14:40 infiltrating aquafers and ecosystems 14:42 rebooting. Burkina has set a target to 14:45 restore 1 million hectares by 2030, 14:47 meaning the impact could reach 3 million 14:50 hectares of land, an area equal to the 14:52 entire nation of Belgium. At 14:54 international conferences, Burkina's 14:56 voice is beginning to rise, different from another man's table. And the world 15:23 is forced to listen. While Western news 15:26 reports still try to frame the Sahel as a crisis hot spot, satellite images 15:31 expose another truth. Green patches 15:33 spreading, replacing sand. While aid agencies speak of chronic famine, 15:38 Burkina's new green markets display 15:40 maize, millet, beans, and fresh Burkina's new green markets display 15:40 maize, millet, beans, and vegetables. Products grown by the same 15:45 hands once thin with hunger. That reflection raises a bitter question for 15:50 the international community. Does the 15:52 world have enough humility to learn from a nation once called the poorest? Do 15:57 industrial economies, the very ones that

Women’s Liberation Front (WoLF )

"As we noted in our Open Letter to Legacy Organizations That Lost Their Way, when women's rights organizations go off mission, and center men pretending to be women, they leave women's rights undefended and subject to attack. We wrote about three large organizations - Planned Parenthood, National Organization For Women, and the ACLU, that prioritized gender ideology above their core mission, and are now losing significant support and in court. That leaves the job of fighting for women's rights to tiny, but fierce, organizations like WoLF." <


Help WoLF Move Key Congressional Bills Forward!<


There are two key bills in Congress that require committee hearings to proceed:

S.1147 - Defining Male and Female Act of 2025

H.R.1015 - Prison Rape Prevention Act of 2025

Both bills are aimed at fulfilling pieces of the Administration's Executive Order 14168 Defending Women From Gender Ideology Extremism. Each has been referred to its respective judiciary committee, but no hearing has been scheduled. We'd like to move these bills to hearing. Click the button below, and it will take you to an email to your Congressional representatives that you can customize to suit your preferences.

Help us get these bills moved forward! <


http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2023/12/british-trans-guidance-publish.html<



http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2024/07/boys-in-girls-sports-is-outrageously.html<


http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2023/01/sex-mattersthe-sex-matters-logo17th.html

http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2023/06/blog-post_15.html

tell the 23:01 United States that we're going to put tariffs not only on your export goods. Remember thei the United States is the 23:07 second largest exporter but we're also going to put un tariffs on your 23:13 services. This would be have a huge impact.

22:45 in a situation where you know we , BRICS , have the majority of people , manufacturing resources and land it is time to stop 22:53 the nonsense ; the 10 countries come together and they invite other countries and said we are now going to tell the 23:01 United States that we're going to put tariffs not only on your export goods. Remember thei the United States is the 23:07 second largest exporter but we're also going to put un tariffs on your 23:13 services. This would be have a huge impact. And if they do that and they they stand firm, 23:20 Trump has no uh choice but to chicken out. Uh, and I say that because it would 23:28 be overwhelming. They would be saying, "Look, it's, you know, we're not we're not going to accept it, right? Anything 23:34 that comes in, you're, if your people come