Saturday, May 31, 2025
Friday, May 30, 2025
Thursday, May 29, 2025
Wednesday, May 28, 2025
Reaganites succeeded in slandering the FDR Liberal philosophy of taxing the rich and spending on social programs such as social security or Headstart or legal services for the poor ; building large anti-Liberal voting blocs
Reaganite Republicans pulled a bait-and-switch on working class with demogogy about Democratic tax -and-spend; switch on
masses of whites faking cuttin their taxes , but only cutting taxes of the rich and promising the rich would trickle it down to the working masses. But the rich didn't; they invested it in finance capital.
<
Republicans of 2025 are running the same game on the white majority . : fake tax cuts and white supremacy
Republicans of 2025 are running the same game on the white majority . : fake tax cuts and white supremacy
China does technology better because Scientific Socialism is more into science than religiously laced bourgeois ideology
China wins another peaceful competition between different social systems
<
Marxism is a scientific worldview , so socialist schools emphasize science. Religious and Artistic worldview is mixed with science in US, so scientfic education is weakened
Marxism is a scientific worldview , so socialist schools emphasize science. Religious and Artistic worldview is mixed with science in US, so scientfic education is weakened
Tuesday, May 27, 2025
On white supremacist Republican Party since Nixon
Buchanan : white supremacist line http://www.theamericanconservative.com/blog/2011/10/17/a-d-2041-end-of-white-america/comment-page-1/
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This is a white supremacist ideologist right there in the mainstream media. The American Conservative » A.D. 2041 — End of White America? www.theamericanconservative.com John Hope Franklin, the famed black historian at Duke University, once told the incoming freshmen, “The new America in the 21st century will be primarily non-white, a place George Washington would not recognize.” Like · · Share · Yesterday <
at 9:47am Charles Brown It is important to recall that Buchanan is reported to have been one of the authors of Nixon's Southern Strategy, which was to appeal to white supremacist sentiments that resented the civil rights movement and urban rebellions of the sixties as a critical component of electing Nixon in 1968.
Reagan augments this white supremacist strategy with special emphasis on demagogic welfare for Black people; Reaganism develops code language of "Tax and Spend , Big Government Liberals" = "N-loving , white politicians who "give" our money to Blacks" This was already there in the Nixon Southern strategy, but the political fall of the New Deal/War on Poverty Liberals and actual reductions in welfare and general poverty programs; stealing from Social Security ( at state and federal levels; for example Englerism in Michigan) didn't start until Reaganism. <
The anti-government spending attack as code for anti-Black follows right through Gingrich/Clinton ( by Clinton's period, the Dems are significantly Reaganized) ; and the Tea Party attacks on welfare and social service working class programs, from social security to unemployment insurance, and now union rights. Yesterday at 9:54am · Like <
http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2024/12/trump-playing-racist-trump-card.html
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This is a white supremacist ideologist right there in the mainstream media. The American Conservative » A.D. 2041 — End of White America? www.theamericanconservative.com John Hope Franklin, the famed black historian at Duke University, once told the incoming freshmen, “The new America in the 21st century will be primarily non-white, a place George Washington would not recognize.” Like · · Share · Yesterday <
at 9:47am Charles Brown It is important to recall that Buchanan is reported to have been one of the authors of Nixon's Southern Strategy, which was to appeal to white supremacist sentiments that resented the civil rights movement and urban rebellions of the sixties as a critical component of electing Nixon in 1968.
Reagan augments this white supremacist strategy with special emphasis on demagogic welfare for Black people; Reaganism develops code language of "Tax and Spend , Big Government Liberals" = "N-loving , white politicians who "give" our money to Blacks" This was already there in the Nixon Southern strategy, but the political fall of the New Deal/War on Poverty Liberals and actual reductions in welfare and general poverty programs; stealing from Social Security ( at state and federal levels; for example Englerism in Michigan) didn't start until Reaganism. <
The anti-government spending attack as code for anti-Black follows right through Gingrich/Clinton ( by Clinton's period, the Dems are significantly Reaganized) ; and the Tea Party attacks on welfare and social service working class programs, from social security to unemployment insurance, and now union rights. Yesterday at 9:54am · Like <
http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2024/12/trump-playing-racist-trump-card.html
white majority always backslides after gains for Black People in American history. Freed slaves backslid to Jim Crow. Civil Rights ; backslid to Reaganism; elect a Black president; backslide to KKKtrump.
////
On another aspect of white supremacy :
Recall Trump’s entree to Presidential run was through anti-Obama Birther whites and Obama making a joke about him.
This is the central , essential desire of kkk masses as revealed by LBJ , who shockingly really was a traitor to the kkk. I’ll find the meme . 
Obama was “the best colored man.” By smearing him with cheating to be President by not being born in the country , Birthers , Trump as Birther convinces the lowest white people , kkkers, that they’re better than the best Black man.
Trump carried out LBJ’s formula to get the KKK masses to vote Republican; that is to get the kkk whites to empty their pockets by voting in Republicans who cut Medicaid , Social Security, public education, etc. Most of the people on welfare , Medicaid etc are white !
When trump used to “mistakenly “ call Biden ,” Obama.” It wasn’t a mistake. Biden is white and beat him . He was going back to his original racist narrative against the best Black man .
Monday, May 26, 2025
AI statement
While it's difficult to definitively state whether Gennady Zyuganov, the leader of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF), is a practicing Christian in the traditional sense, he has publicly expressed views aligning with Christian values and has sought to bridge the gap between communism and the Russian Orthodox Church. <
Here's a nuanced look at his position: 1. Zyuganov's statements on Christianity: Jesus as a communist: Zyuganov has called Jesus Christ the "first communist" and highlighted similarities between the Sermon on the Mount and the Ethical Code of Communism, according to The Moscow Times. Bible and socialist perspective: He claims the Bible can be interpreted through a socialist lens.
Communism and Orthodoxy not antagonistic: Zyuganov has stated that communism does not inherently conflict with the Russian Orthodox Church.
Appreciation for the Orthodox Church: He has expressed admiration for the Russian Orthodox Church, particularly during his 1996 presidential campaign, and has sought to appeal to religious voters.
2. CPRF's evolving stance on religion: From militant atheism to cooperation: The CPRF, while still adhering to Marxist-Leninist principles, has shifted from the Soviet-era stance of militant atheism to a position of cooperation with the Russian Orthodox Church.
No ban on religious believers as members: The party no longer restricts membership based on religious beliefs, though it prohibits propagation of ideas counter to the party platform, including militant clericalism.
Party of scientific, not militant atheism: The CPRF now identifies as a party of scientific atheism, but not militant atheism, implying a more nuanced approach to religion.
3. Cautions and considerations: Soviet history of religious persecution: It's important to acknowledge that the Soviet Union, under communist rule, actively persecuted religion, including the Russian Orthodox Church. This historical context adds complexity to Zyuganov's statements and the CPRF's current stance. Strategic political move?: Some view Zyuganov's embrace of Christian themes as a strategic move to broaden the CPRF's appeal and attract voters who hold both communist and religious sentiments, especially among older generations.
Genuine belief vs. political pragmatism: It's difficult to discern whether Zyuganov's statements stem from genuine religious belief or political expediency. In summary: Zyuganov has publicly expressed admiration for the Russian Orthodox Church and has attempted to find common ground between communist ideology and Christian values. However, it's crucial to consider the Soviet Union's history of religious persecution, and the potential for his pronouncements to be motivated by political strategy in addition to personal conviction.
Some Communists in Russia Are Turning to Christ - Newsweek
Although a limited Orthodox Christian revival was permitted by Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin during the Second World War, anti-religion propaganda and selected ... Newsweek
Here's a nuanced look at his position: 1. Zyuganov's statements on Christianity: Jesus as a communist: Zyuganov has called Jesus Christ the "first communist" and highlighted similarities between the Sermon on the Mount and the Ethical Code of Communism, according to The Moscow Times. Bible and socialist perspective: He claims the Bible can be interpreted through a socialist lens.
Communism and Orthodoxy not antagonistic: Zyuganov has stated that communism does not inherently conflict with the Russian Orthodox Church.
Appreciation for the Orthodox Church: He has expressed admiration for the Russian Orthodox Church, particularly during his 1996 presidential campaign, and has sought to appeal to religious voters.
2. CPRF's evolving stance on religion: From militant atheism to cooperation: The CPRF, while still adhering to Marxist-Leninist principles, has shifted from the Soviet-era stance of militant atheism to a position of cooperation with the Russian Orthodox Church.
No ban on religious believers as members: The party no longer restricts membership based on religious beliefs, though it prohibits propagation of ideas counter to the party platform, including militant clericalism.
Party of scientific, not militant atheism: The CPRF now identifies as a party of scientific atheism, but not militant atheism, implying a more nuanced approach to religion.
3. Cautions and considerations: Soviet history of religious persecution: It's important to acknowledge that the Soviet Union, under communist rule, actively persecuted religion, including the Russian Orthodox Church. This historical context adds complexity to Zyuganov's statements and the CPRF's current stance. Strategic political move?: Some view Zyuganov's embrace of Christian themes as a strategic move to broaden the CPRF's appeal and attract voters who hold both communist and religious sentiments, especially among older generations.
Genuine belief vs. political pragmatism: It's difficult to discern whether Zyuganov's statements stem from genuine religious belief or political expediency. In summary: Zyuganov has publicly expressed admiration for the Russian Orthodox Church and has attempted to find common ground between communist ideology and Christian values. However, it's crucial to consider the Soviet Union's history of religious persecution, and the potential for his pronouncements to be motivated by political strategy in addition to personal conviction.
Some Communists in Russia Are Turning to Christ - Newsweek
Although a limited Orthodox Christian revival was permitted by Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin during the Second World War, anti-religion propaganda and selected ... Newsweek
Political masochistic zombies; brains of silly putty v
Republican Prez won't send hurricane relief to MAGA's
political sadi-mascochism
early last fall Hurricane Helen made
landfall here in the United States
coming up through the state of Florida
through Georgia South Carolina and
absolutely
ravaging North
Carolina and that was right at the heart
of campaign season right we were just a
month and a half two months whatever
<
away from the general election and Donald Trump used that to his advantage and his allies played along people like Marjorie Taylor Green went out there and said that Biden is letting North uh a billion dollars out of FEMA to give to illegal immigrants that's why he's not helping you North Carolina none of it was true it was all completely made up and the people of North Carolina knew that FEMA was in fact on the ground helping them they knew that they saw that they were working with them they were lined up Carolina drown he is refusing to send FEMA aid donald Trump went out there and said that Biden transferred what was it a billion dollars out of FEMA to give getting FEMA bottled waters and MREs they were getting checks from FEMA to go stay in hotels if their home was destroyed they were working with FEMA and <
yet these people in this hurricane ravaged area still believed the propaganda from Donald Trump and Marjorie Taylor Green and all the rest Marjorie Taylor Green and all the rest of them that FEMA wasn't helping them like they're they're seeing Trump put this on Truth Social on their phones as they're standing next to a guy from FEMA they believed it instead of believing the reality in front of their own faces so they voted for Trump because Trump said "I'll help you biden's not helping the reality in front of their own faces so they voted for Trump because Trump said "I'll help you biden's not helping you i'll help you." Fast forward it's now May and those very same people who made the choice to ignore the reality in front of their faces and instead believe the lies of Donald Trump and Republicans are now saying they've been Transcript : Republicans are now saying they've been the victims of a bait and switch because Donald Trump unlike Biden has yanked the Hurricane Helen 2:05 relief funds from 2:09 them he's not going to pay it it's 2:12 FEMA's job to do that you know that's 2:14 that's one of the big things the federal 2:16 government does is they step in in times 2:18 of natural disaster trump told them "You 2:20 trust me and I'll I'll help you he's not them he's not going to pay it it's 2:12 FEMA's job to do that you know that's 2:14 that's one of the big things the federal 2:16 government does is they step in in times 2:18 of natural disaster trump told them "You 2:20 trust me and I'll I'll help you he's not 2:23 i will." And now Trump says "You know 2:25 what see you in North Carolina thanks 2:28 for the votes in 2:31 2024." And the voters are rightfully
away from the general election and Donald Trump used that to his advantage and his allies played along people like Marjorie Taylor Green went out there and said that Biden is letting North uh a billion dollars out of FEMA to give to illegal immigrants that's why he's not helping you North Carolina none of it was true it was all completely made up and the people of North Carolina knew that FEMA was in fact on the ground helping them they knew that they saw that they were working with them they were lined up Carolina drown he is refusing to send FEMA aid donald Trump went out there and said that Biden transferred what was it a billion dollars out of FEMA to give getting FEMA bottled waters and MREs they were getting checks from FEMA to go stay in hotels if their home was destroyed they were working with FEMA and <
yet these people in this hurricane ravaged area still believed the propaganda from Donald Trump and Marjorie Taylor Green and all the rest Marjorie Taylor Green and all the rest of them that FEMA wasn't helping them like they're they're seeing Trump put this on Truth Social on their phones as they're standing next to a guy from FEMA they believed it instead of believing the reality in front of their own faces so they voted for Trump because Trump said "I'll help you biden's not helping the reality in front of their own faces so they voted for Trump because Trump said "I'll help you biden's not helping you i'll help you." Fast forward it's now May and those very same people who made the choice to ignore the reality in front of their faces and instead believe the lies of Donald Trump and Republicans are now saying they've been Transcript : Republicans are now saying they've been the victims of a bait and switch because Donald Trump unlike Biden has yanked the Hurricane Helen 2:05 relief funds from 2:09 them he's not going to pay it it's 2:12 FEMA's job to do that you know that's 2:14 that's one of the big things the federal 2:16 government does is they step in in times 2:18 of natural disaster trump told them "You 2:20 trust me and I'll I'll help you he's not them he's not going to pay it it's 2:12 FEMA's job to do that you know that's 2:14 that's one of the big things the federal 2:16 government does is they step in in times 2:18 of natural disaster trump told them "You 2:20 trust me and I'll I'll help you he's not 2:23 i will." And now Trump says "You know 2:25 what see you in North Carolina thanks 2:28 for the votes in 2:31 2024." And the voters are rightfully
https://archive.org/details/scienceversusidealismcornforth
Science Versus Idealism: In Defense of Philosophy against Positivism and Pragmatism
by Maurice Cornforth<
Topics Marxism, dialectical materialism, George Berkeley, David Hume, Immanuel Kant, William James, John Dewey, Bertrand Russell, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Ernst Mach, Rudolf Carnap, Pragmatism, Positivism, Metaphysics, Idealism Collection opensource
Language English Item Size 262.4M A 1955 (United States edition 1962) International Publishers work. Scanned by Ismail, sent to him by Nathan O'Connor. https://www.intpubnyc.com/
The author notes that, "This book, which was published in London in 1955, is a combination of two earlier books, Science versus Idealism (1946) and In Defence of Philosophy (1950). Very extensive changes were made in what I had written before. Besides a very large number of small alterations, many passages were completely rewritten, a good deal was deleted, and a good deal was added." Addeddate 2021-07-02 21:24:53 Identifier scienceversusidealismcornforth Identifier-ark ark:/13960/t73w1cz03 Ocr tesseract 5.0.0-alpha-20201231-10-g1236 Ocr_detected_lang en Ocr_detected_lang_conf 1.0000 Ocr_detected_script Latin Ocr_detected_script_conf 1.0000 Ocr_module_version 0.0.13 Ocr_parameters -l eng
Topics Marxism, dialectical materialism, George Berkeley, David Hume, Immanuel Kant, William James, John Dewey, Bertrand Russell, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Ernst Mach, Rudolf Carnap, Pragmatism, Positivism, Metaphysics, Idealism Collection opensource
Language English Item Size 262.4M A 1955 (United States edition 1962) International Publishers work. Scanned by Ismail, sent to him by Nathan O'Connor. https://www.intpubnyc.com/
The author notes that, "This book, which was published in London in 1955, is a combination of two earlier books, Science versus Idealism (1946) and In Defence of Philosophy (1950). Very extensive changes were made in what I had written before. Besides a very large number of small alterations, many passages were completely rewritten, a good deal was deleted, and a good deal was added." Addeddate 2021-07-02 21:24:53 Identifier scienceversusidealismcornforth Identifier-ark ark:/13960/t73w1cz03 Ocr tesseract 5.0.0-alpha-20201231-10-g1236 Ocr_detected_lang en Ocr_detected_lang_conf 1.0000 Ocr_detected_script Latin Ocr_detected_script_conf 1.0000 Ocr_module_version 0.0.13 Ocr_parameters -l eng
Bol’shinstvo is derivative of the same root word as “Bolshevik “: BRICS is Global Bolshevism
BRICS , the Global Majority , is 21st Century Proletarian Internationalism <
Global Bolshevism : The term "Global Majority" is often translated into Russian as "Глобальное большинство" (Globalnoye bol'shinstvo). This translation directly translates to "global majority" and is commonly used to refer to the concept. While "Global Majority" is a relatively new term, its Russian translation is straightforward and widely understood by those who are familiar with the concept. Dive deeper in Al Mode
Global Bolshevism : The term "Global Majority" is often translated into Russian as "Глобальное большинство" (Globalnoye bol'shinstvo). This translation directly translates to "global majority" and is commonly used to refer to the concept. While "Global Majority" is a relatively new term, its Russian translation is straightforward and widely understood by those who are familiar with the concept. Dive deeper in Al Mode
John Henry : I use “The Republican Prez” for trump because he won’t be on the ballot again ; the Republicans will. We have to pin all Trump’s assaults on masses of voters -including, amazingly, MAGA’s ! He’s economically murdering MAGA farmers and lots of small businesses -ON REPUBLICANS who will be on the ballot.
Campaign for Democrats! "<
Captain : I love the fact that Trump represents the truth about white supremacy he is the nail in the coffin first hitter disproved and Trump just made sure that we have irrefutable empirical evidence. <
Trump destroyed every business he was ever involved in so they already had evidence. He wasn’t a good business person, but still some people decide to believe him but the only reason One the election was because of election interference and Elon Musk’s computer savvy hackers. Also, there seems to be a lack of psychopathic patriots in his orbit <
John Henry: Hopefully he causes a significant number of voters in swing states to vote against the KKK-Republican Party and for the Democratic Party ; Campaign for Democrats everyday some kinda way like our lives depend on it. <
Captain : I believe we will not have another election as long as Trump is alive and free. I believe he plans to end this country and Putin is his handler.
I believe his actions are clearly designed to create a so called race war and he is going to send soldiers to attack cities and martial law is very close.
I believe Trump plans to suspend all future elections and he is going to be sending special ops / Masad to remove adversaries including judges Prosecuter’s police sheriffs military officials . He as already started these actions. <
I am in shock that our society has allowed men with no identification, no badges visible, no verbal identity to physically subjugate, American citizens and college students that are on visas and many different types of people are being snatched off the ground in front cameras in front of witnesses and there’s no way to identify whatsoever I am shocked that is being normalized when there’s literally thousands of fake police officers and military people normally and when they find out, you can’t identify them they’re federal agents. You can’t ask them for bad you can’t ask them for name. They don’t have to tell you anything they can take you in a custody. The cycles are gonna go ballistic and start snatching and I sure I’m sure they already have started just snatching random heat streets for all kinds of horrible things<
John Henry: I see what you mean <<<
We need this in US: Military take over from the Republican Prez until the next election. If he orders the military to institute martial law , they should treat it as an illegal and unconstitutional order ; and declare him a domestic enemy as defined in the Constitution. And arrest him ; put him in a military prison ; Guarantee elections <
Captain : I agree with you about the military should uphold the constitution but they are and always have been a confederate leaning majority organization and the “rump “ is rapidly removing DEI HIRES AKA NON ANGLO-SAXONS ( as well as any Anglo Saxon race traders that are constitutionalist or non rump supporters) FROM POSITIONS within the military that would resist illegal orders <
John Henry : A possible defense against that is the Republican Prez’s history of using people and losing them . The Generals are savvy enough to see that if you go along with him on instituting martial law , there’s no guarantee that you won’t be his scapegoat later after doing the dirty work for him. Plus , getting troops to institute martial law on their own people is no small task. You’d have a lot of mutiny. 21st Century Boston Massacres would beget quite a fight back <
On the Republican Prez being a fake good business man : not only that; the federal government is not a business! It can’t be run like a business; not only that it doesn’t run the economy because this is not the Soviet Union ( or China ) where the state power controls the commanding heights of the economy; It’s FREE PRIVATE, , not public, enterprise . So , electing the GOP Prez because he’s a business man is doubly stupid . But the majority of Americans are politically economically very stupid , profoundly ignorant.
Captain : I love the fact that Trump represents the truth about white supremacy he is the nail in the coffin first hitter disproved and Trump just made sure that we have irrefutable empirical evidence. <
Trump destroyed every business he was ever involved in so they already had evidence. He wasn’t a good business person, but still some people decide to believe him but the only reason One the election was because of election interference and Elon Musk’s computer savvy hackers. Also, there seems to be a lack of psychopathic patriots in his orbit <
John Henry: Hopefully he causes a significant number of voters in swing states to vote against the KKK-Republican Party and for the Democratic Party ; Campaign for Democrats everyday some kinda way like our lives depend on it. <
Captain : I believe we will not have another election as long as Trump is alive and free. I believe he plans to end this country and Putin is his handler.
I believe his actions are clearly designed to create a so called race war and he is going to send soldiers to attack cities and martial law is very close.
I believe Trump plans to suspend all future elections and he is going to be sending special ops / Masad to remove adversaries including judges Prosecuter’s police sheriffs military officials . He as already started these actions. <
I am in shock that our society has allowed men with no identification, no badges visible, no verbal identity to physically subjugate, American citizens and college students that are on visas and many different types of people are being snatched off the ground in front cameras in front of witnesses and there’s no way to identify whatsoever I am shocked that is being normalized when there’s literally thousands of fake police officers and military people normally and when they find out, you can’t identify them they’re federal agents. You can’t ask them for bad you can’t ask them for name. They don’t have to tell you anything they can take you in a custody. The cycles are gonna go ballistic and start snatching and I sure I’m sure they already have started just snatching random heat streets for all kinds of horrible things<
John Henry: I see what you mean <<<
We need this in US: Military take over from the Republican Prez until the next election. If he orders the military to institute martial law , they should treat it as an illegal and unconstitutional order ; and declare him a domestic enemy as defined in the Constitution. And arrest him ; put him in a military prison ; Guarantee elections <
Captain : I agree with you about the military should uphold the constitution but they are and always have been a confederate leaning majority organization and the “rump “ is rapidly removing DEI HIRES AKA NON ANGLO-SAXONS ( as well as any Anglo Saxon race traders that are constitutionalist or non rump supporters) FROM POSITIONS within the military that would resist illegal orders <
John Henry : A possible defense against that is the Republican Prez’s history of using people and losing them . The Generals are savvy enough to see that if you go along with him on instituting martial law , there’s no guarantee that you won’t be his scapegoat later after doing the dirty work for him. Plus , getting troops to institute martial law on their own people is no small task. You’d have a lot of mutiny. 21st Century Boston Massacres would beget quite a fight back <
On the Republican Prez being a fake good business man : not only that; the federal government is not a business! It can’t be run like a business; not only that it doesn’t run the economy because this is not the Soviet Union ( or China ) where the state power controls the commanding heights of the economy; It’s FREE PRIVATE, , not public, enterprise . So , electing the GOP Prez because he’s a business man is doubly stupid . But the majority of Americans are politically economically very stupid , profoundly ignorant.
Reaganite warmongering: 21st Century suicidal Star Wars ; could undermine mutually assured destruction
China has voiced serious concern over US
President Donald Trump's announcement of the Golden Dome missile defence project, a $175 billion U.S. initiative aimed at countering threats from China and Russia. The Chinese foreign ministry warned that the plan carries offensive implications, could militarise outer space, and risks triggering a new arms race.
#China #DonaldTrump #GoldenDome
#MissileDefence #SpaceForce #Geopolitics #USChinaTensions #GlobalSecurity #ArmsRace
#BreakingNews
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CB: Actually , language and custom did give humans a LaMarckian like adaptive mechanism, Darwinian Natural Selection advantage over all other species
SEE MY ESSAY BELOW
<
"Herbert Spencer's evolutionary theory, particularly in his works like "First Principles," is strongly influenced by Lamarckism, the theory that acquired characteristics during an organism's lifetime could be inherited by offspring. While Spencer is often associated with Social Darwinism, his evolutionary framework incorporated Lamarck's idea of inheritance of acquired traits, leading to a unique interpretation of evolutionary progress. ® <
Elaboration: Lamarck's Influence:
Spencer's theory of evolution, as presented in "First Principles," draws heavily from Lamarck's idea that an organism's development is influenced by its use or disuse of certain organs, and these changes could be passed down to AA & Q herbert spencer lamarckiar &
Lamarck's Influence: Spencer's theory of evolution, as presented in "First Principles," draws heavily from Lamarck's idea that an organism's development is influenced by its use or disuse of certain organs, and these changes could be passed down to future generations. This contrasts with Darwin's theory of natural selection, which focuses on the survival and reproduction of individuals with advantageous traits. ( CB : Darwin did not count the possibility that the advantageous traits came about by a LaMrckian mechanism ) Spencer's Unique Approach: Spencer believed that evolution had a definite direction and endpoint, leading to the development of "higher" or more complex forms of life, including societies. He saw society as an evolving organism, similar to biological organisms, with a progression from simple to complex forms. & ( CB : This is the infamous teleology that Marx and Engels celebrated the end of in Darwin’s theory However , I have said before that there is a sort of tendency to favor a species with a LaMarckian -like mechanism. which humans have in language and culture. I will find and post my essays on this hypothesis of mine . )
Application to Society: Spencer extended the evolutionary principles to human societies, arguing that they also evolve from simple to complex structures, much like individual organisms. He believed that this societal evolution was driven by adaptation and the "survival of the fittest"
Contrast with Darwin:
While Spencer acknowledged the role of While Spencer acknowledged the role of natural selection, he placed more emphasis on the influence of external factors, including environment, on the development of organisms and societies. He believed that these external forces could induce changes that were then passed on to future generations
( . & Legacy: Spencer's ideas, particularly the application of evolutionary principles to society, had a significant impact on various fields, including sociology, philosophy, and ethics. However, his Lamarckian-influenced theory of evolution has been largely superseded by the modern understanding of genetics and inheritance. Spencer, Herbert | Internet Encyclopedia of... Spencer's understanding of evolution included the Lamarckian... Ç Internet Encyclopedia of... : Dive deeper in Al Mode Al responses may include mistakes. Learn more B Export- • Save • Q herbert spencer lamarckian theory S 1 Fi 9. https://www.google.com/search?q=herbert+spencer+lamarckian+theory%C2%A0&client=safari&sca_esv=2b443bd0849e857f&hl=en-us&sxsrf=AE3TifNCmV0jf0ybhFSbUPVWIa5Gt6wDKg%3A1748273499226&ei=W4k0aPbDDcD-ptQP0_aLqQg&oq=herbert+spencer+lamarckian+theory%C2%A0&gs_lp=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&sclient=mobile-gws-wiz-serp
<
Here’s a way in which human symbolic communication-language and customs/tradition/culture/ancestor veneration raised human ‘s Darwinian fitness or species population size more than all other animals. (Darwinian fitness = species population size and change . The dinosaur species were absolutely unfit because their populations went to zero .)
Culturally-Customarily inherited adaptations give human species high Darwinian fitness
Darwin’s natural laws , physiology laws , DNA-gene laws, and ecological laws are the central organizing principles of Modern Biology. The laws of symbolically constituted language and culture(custom , tradition ) as the defining characteristics of humans are the central organizing principles of anthropology. Symbolic communication and behavior give humans a way of adapting ( in the Darwinian sense ) that is more efficient than adapting based on random genetic mutation, because cultural adaptations are caused by the adaptive problem ( problems in the struggle for existence) that they solve ; the adaptive problem causes humans to invent in symbolic thought , in imagination, a solution to the adaptive problem ; adaptive problem causes its own solution or is non-random ; genetic mutations are not caused by the adaptive problem they solve or are randomly relative to the adaptive problem that they solve . So culture gives humans a more efficient way to adapt and raise our population.
With language and culture , Necessity is the mother of invention ( which is a materialist philosophical , not idealist , explanation, because the material survival necessity changes the ideas of the human inventor , changes her culture ) Culture allows non-random Darwinian adaption , unlike genetic adaptations ; the adaptive solution does not arise only coincidentally with the problem it solves , not just by luck as with genetic adaptations.
For example , we might hypothesize that Homo erectuses invented clothes or controlled fire in response to moving into colder regions North of Africa . The acts of invention were caused by the problem in the struggle for existence of cold body temperature. The adaptive problem caused its own solution. Relying on the adaptation by way of genetic changes ( maybe to grow fur) would mean waiting on a genetic mutation NOT CAUSED BY THE COLDER TEMPERATURE, a mutation not caused by the adaptive problem, but arising coincidentally with the problem it solves.
In this hypothetical thought experiment, survival in the struggle for existence, material necessity, changes the cultural ideas of the inventors , adds a custom of clothes , costumes to the their customs , their traditions , their culture.
_Non-randomly_ arising solutions to adaptive problems are La Marckian-LIKE. In LaMarck’s famous thought experiment as to “how the giraffe got its long neck”, the adaptive problem of food only available high up _causes_ the giraffe to solve the problem by stretching its neck ( this is a fictional account). The solution does not arise _randomly_ relative to the problem it solves.
More adaptive problems are solved if the problem tends to cause its own solution than if the solutions just happen luckily to occur as with _random_ genetic mutations solving adaptive problems.
Thus , with culture, language (symbolic inheritance, symbolic imagination and symbolic communication ) humans have a more efficient adaptive process than all other life forms. Humans have both cultural , non-random adaptation and random genetic mutation adaptation . Other life forms , species , only have random genetic mutation adaptation.
How does symbolic thinking allow humans to invent solutions to adaptive problems in response to the problem arising ? Because symbolic thinking allows imaginative thinking or imagination is a form of symbolic thinking ; imagination empowers invention.
Furthermore, symbolic thinking allows SYMBOLIC INHERITANCE of adaptive inventions by future generations ! Genes and culture/words are inherited - IN DIFFERENT WAYS . For example , almost all the words in the vocabulary of a living generation were invented by dead past generations , inherited. (paragraph)
Ancestor veneration The difference between humans and all other species is that through symbolic communication , words and culture, dead generations have a certain immortality and are part of the society of living generations . Living generations share the experiences of dead generations through SYMBOLIC INHERITANCE . Thereby knowledge accumulates. All humans stand on the shoulders of giants , as the scientist Issac Newton put it . Accumulated knowledge gives a growing ability to adapt, in Darwin’s sense , to problems in the struggle for existence .
https://take10charles.blogspot.com/2017/09/symbolic-inheritance.html
Symbolic Inheritance For anthropology, culture-language-Symbolic Inheritance is the unique species characteristic of _homo sapiens_. In a sense, "culture-language-Symbolic Inheritance is another word for "wisdom", from the notion that humans are the species _homo wise_. It is humans socially learned practices, customs, language, traditions, beliefs, religion, spirituality that make us "wise" in so many ways, certainly clever and winners _as a species_ ( not just as a few "fit" Individuals) in the struggles and snuggles to survive as a species. Since the advent of civilization, sometimes it's not so clear how wise our culture makes us. Greed, slavery, war, male supremacy, Egoism originate with Civilization ! It is better termed Savagery and Barbarism. Therein lies the central drama of the history of the human species.
Nonetheless, clearly in the Stone Age, our having culture-language-Symbolic Inheritance was a highly adaptive advantage over species that did not have culture , stone tools , scientific knowledge (!) standing on the shoulders of dead generations , raising our species fitness. This is evidenced by _homo sapiens_ expanding in population and therefore migrating to an expanded area of living space across the earth , out of what is now Africa to the other continents. Stone Age foraging and kinship organized , peaceful and sharing societies were the mode of life for the vast majority of time of human species ' existence, 90% plus
Differentia specifica of human species is symbolic communication and behavior - language and culture .
I write here a critique of Engels’ essay “The Role of Labour in the Transition from Ape to Man” in part based on Marx’s claim that human labor is differentiated from all other species “ labor by the role of imagination “! ( (https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ch07.htm ) Otherwise , in his anthropological _The Origin of the Family , Private Property and the State _ , Engels is profoundly correct on the difference between the Stone Age and Civilization and other issues.
http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2022/01/panel-presentation-on-engelss-origin-of.html
My critique of Engels on this point is informed by the current biological ( human evolution) and cultural anthropological facts on origin of tool use , stone tool use ; and the nature of language and culture as SYMBOLIC communication and behavior . Origin of tool use and origin of language and culture is the issue Engels speculates concerning in “The Role of Labour in the transition from Ape to Man“. My basic difference with him is that language and culture allowed the invention of labor with Stone tools created by imagination; not labor created language and culture ( symbolic communication and behavior ; see definition of symbolic signs below ) ; I plead not guilty to the charge of philosophical idealism -smiles .
The origin of humans is the origin of language and culture , NOT the origin of bipedalism and hands freed from walking on all fours . ( see pre-human , habitually bipedal primates https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecine)
“Engels never finished Dialectics of Nature. Haldane, in his preface to the 1939 publication of Dialectics of Nature, regrets that it remained unpublished for a long time, and writes, “Had his remarks on Darwinism been generally known, I for one would have been saved a certain amount of muddled thinking.” One of its unfinished fragments is on the role of labor in human evolution, more specifically the evolution of the hand. It is the evolution of the hand through the process of labor—creating tools—that distinguishes humans from apes. Engels writes, “Thus the hand is not only the organ of labour, it is also the product of labour.” It is not the evolution of the hand that led to our evolution as a species but the coevolution of the hand and labor as a historical process.”
The bottomline of my critique in the blog below is : Language and culture , symbolic communication and symbolically guided behavior, originate 2.5 million years ago and enable homo habilis (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_habilis) to make the first Stone tools . ( THE ORIGIN OF HUMANS IS IN THE ORIGIN OF LANGUAGE AND CULTURE , SYMBOLIC COMMUNICATION AND BEHAVIOR) It is NOT that the ancestral bipedal species (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecine) to homo habilis started using its hands ( freed by bipedalism ; standing on two feet instead of four freeing the hands ) and that caused them to start symbolic communication and behavior as Engels speculates . ( this is not idealist philosophical error on my part ; I will explain why not below)
Here is Engels’ essay The Part played by Labour in the Transition from Ape to Man http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1876/part-played-labour/index.htm
The following is my blog item critiquing Engels‘ essay.
http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2017/02/more-leisure-is-homo-sapiens-species.html
More Leisure is Homo sapiens species essence ; May Day demand More Leisure ( than our ancestral primate species had) is our species essence ( See "The Original Affluent Society" by my anthropological mentor and senior anthro major advisor ,Marshall Sahlins , in _Stone Age Economics_ ) . Foraging is a mode of direct appropriation from nature , not a mode of production; making a living by gigging smart not working hard. It was not that bi-pedalism and the origin of hands originated a new labor that caused the invention of tradition , names and words . The invention of culture and language in childcare by mothers ( I’m saying mothers invented names , words , symbolic communication to improve childcare, reproductive labor ) was extended to making a living ( the Darwinian struggle for existence) ; language and culture revolutionized the human struggle for existence by making it smarter, wiser, because of accumulation of knowledge over many generations . Language gives humans the capacity for dead generations to leave communications about their experiences to future living generations) . Also More leisure gives more time to think and thereby work even smarter.
Symbolic communication allows : Ancestor veneration
The difference between humans and all other species is that through symbolic communication , words and culture, dead generations have a certain immortality and are part of the society of living generations . Living generations share the experiences of dead generations . Thereby knowledge accumulates. All humans stand on the shoulders of giants , as the scientist Issac Newton put it concerning his scientific ancestors .
Engels is wrong in "The Role of Labor in the Transition from Ape to Man" when he says "First labour, after it and then with it speech ..."
CB : First long childcare , then names and speech invented by mothers to do better childcare , and then a transition to LESS toil in the struggle for existence , to smarter struggle for existence informed by ancestral experience , and more leisure as compared with primate species ancestral to homo habilis and the origin of the Stone Age . Stone tools were invented to allow making a living less toilsome and more efficient .
Perhaps the topic would be better named the transition in the struggle for existence in the transition from ape to man : the origin of imagination.
Stone Age society is Societas ( anthropologist Lewis Henry Morgan’s term in _Ancient Society_ ) beginning 2.5 million years ago ; to circa 6,000 years ago with the beginning of Civitas ( Morgan ) private property, greed , slavery and heavy labor ( as Engels teaches in _The Origin of the Family , Private Property and the State _ ) . Slavery is the origin of Hard work , work ethic. With so-called civilization, hard work ethic comes to dominate cultural ideas . So, hard labour is not our Stone Age, species-being , but civilization-being, which is a small fraction of the full time of our species history.
I think Engels anachronistically projects the determining role of labor on ideas ( the historical materialist principle ) back onto the Stone Age origins of language and culture . In fact the invention of language and culture revolutionized the bipedal primates’ struggle for existence by making it less of a struggle . Toilsome struggle was introduced with _slave_ labor in so-called civilization where historical materialist determination originates.
Nonetheless , Marx and Engels do propose transition from the Kingdom of Necessity to the Kingdom of Freedom . Freedom is Leisure and smart work through technology . Jobs lost to technological invention should be translated into more leisure time for the masses, a May Day demand.
[Marxism-Thaxis] The Part played by Labour in the Transition from Ape to Man c b Thu, 27 May 2010 05:54:49 -0700 What about the transition in labor in the transition from ape to man ? This essay uses "labor" in the sense that it is something that apes do; it is their struggle for existence , for survival in the Darwinian sense . So, it is not the same "labor" ( or is it work ?) that produces capitalist surplus value in _Capital_I, but the “labor “ more general to all animals that Marx describes in Chapter so and so , where he says the difference between the labor of spiders and bees and that of man is imagining the project as a plan first ( this implies that spiders and bees labor).
"Labour is, in the first place, a process in which both man and Nature participate, and in which man of his own accord starts, regulates, and controls the material re-actions between himself and Nature. He opposes himself to Nature as one of her own forces, setting in motion arms and legs, head and hands, the natural forces of his body, in order to appropriate Nature’s productions in a form adapted to his own wants. By thus acting on the external world and changing it, he at the same time changes his own nature. He develops his slumbering powers and compels them to act in obedience to his sway. We are not now dealing with those primitive instinctive forms of labour that remind us of the mere animal. An immeasurable interval of time separates the state of things in which a man brings his labour-power to market for sale as a commodity, from that state in which human labour was still in its first instinctive stage. We pre-suppose labour in a form that stamps it as exclusively human. A spider conducts operations that resemble those of a weaver, and a bee puts to shame many an architect in the construction of her cells. But what distinguishes the worst architect from the best of bees is this, that the architect raises his structure in imagination before he erects it in reality. At the end of every labour-process, we get a result that already existed in the imagination of the labourer at its commencement. He not only effects a change of form in the material on which he works, but he also realises a purpose of his own that gives the law to his modus operandi, and to which he must subordinate his will. And this subordination is no mere momentary act. Besides the exertion of the bodily organs, the process demands that, during the whole operation, the workman’s will be steadily in consonance with his purpose. This means close attention. The less he is attracted by the nature of the work, and the mode in which it is carried on, and the less, therefore, he enjoys it as something which gives play to his bodily and mental powers, the more close his attention is forced to be.” https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ch07.htm
? So, Marx’s implication ( contra Engels in “The Role of Labor “ ) is that in the transition from ape to man, labor transitioned in part by taking on more mental labor, imagination and planning , as a component. Imagination is a form of symbolic thinking . Symbolic thinking defines humans , differentiates humans from all other species despite the false and exaggerated claims for chimps and gorillas by some primatologists
[Marxism-Thaxis] The Part played by Labour in the Transition from Ape to Man c b Thu, 27 May 2010 13:32:42 -0700 Engels: “But the decisive step had been taken, the hand had become free and could henceforth attain ever greater dexterity; the greater flexibility thus acquired was inherited and increased from generation to generation.”
^^^^^ CB: Ahhh but how ? How did the experience of repetition of use of _a_ hand by one individual get transferred to the brains of the next generation and the next , become the experience of _The_ hand ? If Patriarch/Matrirach uses his hands thousands of times his increasing dexterity is based on accumulated experience in that one individual's brain. The next generation's brains go back to "square one" at birth and childhood . The only way to accumulate the knowledge across generations is by mediating the learning experience with language, imagination, symbolic communication The only way to "stand on the shoulders of giants" is to receive messages from them through a system of symbols, words . ( as in those days there wasn't the technology to take enough pictures) "The" hand is not the hand of an individual, but The Hand, as a concept, an organ of the species.
( Symbolic signs - words being the best example - have an _arbitrary_ relation between the sign and the thing signified . They are using something to represent something that they are not.
In my class , I write my name on the board -Charles Brown . Then I point out that the marks on the board are not me; but they are used to represent me. So a name is using something to represent something it is not . There is an arbitrary relation between a name and the person named . “What’s in a name ? A rose by any other is just as sweet.
The opposite of a symbolic sign is an _indexical_ sign . There is a necessary ( not arbitrary ) relationship between the sign and the thing signified . A favorite example is smoke and fire . Smoke is an indexical sign of fire .
Only humans have symbolic signs . Humans and all other animals communicate or read indexical signs ; humans have both -despite the exaggerated claims for chimps and gorillas by some animals rights primatologists.
Symbolic and indexical signs are basic ideas of semiotics .( http://www.visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/S4B/)
The arbitrary relation between symbolic signs and thing signified gives humans a DISPLACEMENT capacity . Humans can communicate with each other about events that are not in their immediate sensory field , like things that happened a week ago , or things that are on the other side of town
See https://owlcation.com/stem/The-difference-between-animal-and-human-communication
I CLAIM TO HAVE DISCOVERED BY LOGICAL IMPLICATION THAT THE UNIQUE DISPLACEMENT CAPACITY OF HUMANS ALLOWS ACCUMULATION OF KNOWLEDGE OVER GENERATIONS BECAUSE A LIVING GENERATION CAN SHARE THE EXPERIENCE OF DEAD GENERATIONS , SHARE _DISPLACED_ EXPERIENCES . Therefore , it was the ability to experience the displaced experiences of dead generations, symbolic thinking , that allowed the first humans to make Stone tools ( reverse of Engels’ idea)
Again , Symbolic communication allows : Ancestor veneration <
The difference between humans and all other species is that through symbolic communication , words and culture, dead generations have a certain immortality and are part of the society of living generations . Living generations share the experiences of dead generations . Thereby knowledge accumulates. All humans stand on the shoulders of giants , as the scientist Isaac Newton put it concerning his scientific ancestors . @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/06/210602170624.htm @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.335.4277&rep=rep1&type=pdf <
On Nov 11, 2024, at 4:02 PM, Jim Farmelant wrote:
"Herbert Spencer's evolutionary theory, particularly in his works like "First Principles," is strongly influenced by Lamarckism, the theory that acquired characteristics during an organism's lifetime could be inherited by offspring. While Spencer is often associated with Social Darwinism, his evolutionary framework incorporated Lamarck's idea of inheritance of acquired traits, leading to a unique interpretation of evolutionary progress. ® <
Elaboration: Lamarck's Influence:
Spencer's theory of evolution, as presented in "First Principles," draws heavily from Lamarck's idea that an organism's development is influenced by its use or disuse of certain organs, and these changes could be passed down to AA & Q herbert spencer lamarckiar &
Lamarck's Influence: Spencer's theory of evolution, as presented in "First Principles," draws heavily from Lamarck's idea that an organism's development is influenced by its use or disuse of certain organs, and these changes could be passed down to future generations. This contrasts with Darwin's theory of natural selection, which focuses on the survival and reproduction of individuals with advantageous traits. ( CB : Darwin did not count the possibility that the advantageous traits came about by a LaMrckian mechanism ) Spencer's Unique Approach: Spencer believed that evolution had a definite direction and endpoint, leading to the development of "higher" or more complex forms of life, including societies. He saw society as an evolving organism, similar to biological organisms, with a progression from simple to complex forms. & ( CB : This is the infamous teleology that Marx and Engels celebrated the end of in Darwin’s theory However , I have said before that there is a sort of tendency to favor a species with a LaMarckian -like mechanism. which humans have in language and culture. I will find and post my essays on this hypothesis of mine . )
Application to Society: Spencer extended the evolutionary principles to human societies, arguing that they also evolve from simple to complex structures, much like individual organisms. He believed that this societal evolution was driven by adaptation and the "survival of the fittest"
Contrast with Darwin:
While Spencer acknowledged the role of While Spencer acknowledged the role of natural selection, he placed more emphasis on the influence of external factors, including environment, on the development of organisms and societies. He believed that these external forces could induce changes that were then passed on to future generations
( . & Legacy: Spencer's ideas, particularly the application of evolutionary principles to society, had a significant impact on various fields, including sociology, philosophy, and ethics. However, his Lamarckian-influenced theory of evolution has been largely superseded by the modern understanding of genetics and inheritance. Spencer, Herbert | Internet Encyclopedia of... Spencer's understanding of evolution included the Lamarckian... Ç Internet Encyclopedia of... : Dive deeper in Al Mode Al responses may include mistakes. Learn more B Export- • Save • Q herbert spencer lamarckian theory S 1 Fi 9. https://www.google.com/search?q=herbert+spencer+lamarckian+theory%C2%A0&client=safari&sca_esv=2b443bd0849e857f&hl=en-us&sxsrf=AE3TifNCmV0jf0ybhFSbUPVWIa5Gt6wDKg%3A1748273499226&ei=W4k0aPbDDcD-ptQP0_aLqQg&oq=herbert+spencer+lamarckian+theory%C2%A0&gs_lp=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&sclient=mobile-gws-wiz-serp
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Here’s a way in which human symbolic communication-language and customs/tradition/culture/ancestor veneration raised human ‘s Darwinian fitness or species population size more than all other animals. (Darwinian fitness = species population size and change . The dinosaur species were absolutely unfit because their populations went to zero .)
Culturally-Customarily inherited adaptations give human species high Darwinian fitness
Darwin’s natural laws , physiology laws , DNA-gene laws, and ecological laws are the central organizing principles of Modern Biology. The laws of symbolically constituted language and culture(custom , tradition ) as the defining characteristics of humans are the central organizing principles of anthropology. Symbolic communication and behavior give humans a way of adapting ( in the Darwinian sense ) that is more efficient than adapting based on random genetic mutation, because cultural adaptations are caused by the adaptive problem ( problems in the struggle for existence) that they solve ; the adaptive problem causes humans to invent in symbolic thought , in imagination, a solution to the adaptive problem ; adaptive problem causes its own solution or is non-random ; genetic mutations are not caused by the adaptive problem they solve or are randomly relative to the adaptive problem that they solve . So culture gives humans a more efficient way to adapt and raise our population.
With language and culture , Necessity is the mother of invention ( which is a materialist philosophical , not idealist , explanation, because the material survival necessity changes the ideas of the human inventor , changes her culture ) Culture allows non-random Darwinian adaption , unlike genetic adaptations ; the adaptive solution does not arise only coincidentally with the problem it solves , not just by luck as with genetic adaptations.
For example , we might hypothesize that Homo erectuses invented clothes or controlled fire in response to moving into colder regions North of Africa . The acts of invention were caused by the problem in the struggle for existence of cold body temperature. The adaptive problem caused its own solution. Relying on the adaptation by way of genetic changes ( maybe to grow fur) would mean waiting on a genetic mutation NOT CAUSED BY THE COLDER TEMPERATURE, a mutation not caused by the adaptive problem, but arising coincidentally with the problem it solves.
In this hypothetical thought experiment, survival in the struggle for existence, material necessity, changes the cultural ideas of the inventors , adds a custom of clothes , costumes to the their customs , their traditions , their culture.
_Non-randomly_ arising solutions to adaptive problems are La Marckian-LIKE. In LaMarck’s famous thought experiment as to “how the giraffe got its long neck”, the adaptive problem of food only available high up _causes_ the giraffe to solve the problem by stretching its neck ( this is a fictional account). The solution does not arise _randomly_ relative to the problem it solves.
More adaptive problems are solved if the problem tends to cause its own solution than if the solutions just happen luckily to occur as with _random_ genetic mutations solving adaptive problems.
Thus , with culture, language (symbolic inheritance, symbolic imagination and symbolic communication ) humans have a more efficient adaptive process than all other life forms. Humans have both cultural , non-random adaptation and random genetic mutation adaptation . Other life forms , species , only have random genetic mutation adaptation.
How does symbolic thinking allow humans to invent solutions to adaptive problems in response to the problem arising ? Because symbolic thinking allows imaginative thinking or imagination is a form of symbolic thinking ; imagination empowers invention.
Furthermore, symbolic thinking allows SYMBOLIC INHERITANCE of adaptive inventions by future generations ! Genes and culture/words are inherited - IN DIFFERENT WAYS . For example , almost all the words in the vocabulary of a living generation were invented by dead past generations , inherited. (paragraph)
Ancestor veneration The difference between humans and all other species is that through symbolic communication , words and culture, dead generations have a certain immortality and are part of the society of living generations . Living generations share the experiences of dead generations through SYMBOLIC INHERITANCE . Thereby knowledge accumulates. All humans stand on the shoulders of giants , as the scientist Issac Newton put it . Accumulated knowledge gives a growing ability to adapt, in Darwin’s sense , to problems in the struggle for existence .
https://take10charles.blogspot.com/2017/09/symbolic-inheritance.html
Symbolic Inheritance For anthropology, culture-language-Symbolic Inheritance is the unique species characteristic of _homo sapiens_. In a sense, "culture-language-Symbolic Inheritance is another word for "wisdom", from the notion that humans are the species _homo wise_. It is humans socially learned practices, customs, language, traditions, beliefs, religion, spirituality that make us "wise" in so many ways, certainly clever and winners _as a species_ ( not just as a few "fit" Individuals) in the struggles and snuggles to survive as a species. Since the advent of civilization, sometimes it's not so clear how wise our culture makes us. Greed, slavery, war, male supremacy, Egoism originate with Civilization ! It is better termed Savagery and Barbarism. Therein lies the central drama of the history of the human species.
Nonetheless, clearly in the Stone Age, our having culture-language-Symbolic Inheritance was a highly adaptive advantage over species that did not have culture , stone tools , scientific knowledge (!) standing on the shoulders of dead generations , raising our species fitness. This is evidenced by _homo sapiens_ expanding in population and therefore migrating to an expanded area of living space across the earth , out of what is now Africa to the other continents. Stone Age foraging and kinship organized , peaceful and sharing societies were the mode of life for the vast majority of time of human species ' existence, 90% plus
Differentia specifica of human species is symbolic communication and behavior - language and culture .
I write here a critique of Engels’ essay “The Role of Labour in the Transition from Ape to Man” in part based on Marx’s claim that human labor is differentiated from all other species “ labor by the role of imagination “! ( (https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ch07.htm ) Otherwise , in his anthropological _The Origin of the Family , Private Property and the State _ , Engels is profoundly correct on the difference between the Stone Age and Civilization and other issues.
http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2022/01/panel-presentation-on-engelss-origin-of.html
My critique of Engels on this point is informed by the current biological ( human evolution) and cultural anthropological facts on origin of tool use , stone tool use ; and the nature of language and culture as SYMBOLIC communication and behavior . Origin of tool use and origin of language and culture is the issue Engels speculates concerning in “The Role of Labour in the transition from Ape to Man“. My basic difference with him is that language and culture allowed the invention of labor with Stone tools created by imagination; not labor created language and culture ( symbolic communication and behavior ; see definition of symbolic signs below ) ; I plead not guilty to the charge of philosophical idealism -smiles .
The origin of humans is the origin of language and culture , NOT the origin of bipedalism and hands freed from walking on all fours . ( see pre-human , habitually bipedal primates https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecine)
“Engels never finished Dialectics of Nature. Haldane, in his preface to the 1939 publication of Dialectics of Nature, regrets that it remained unpublished for a long time, and writes, “Had his remarks on Darwinism been generally known, I for one would have been saved a certain amount of muddled thinking.” One of its unfinished fragments is on the role of labor in human evolution, more specifically the evolution of the hand. It is the evolution of the hand through the process of labor—creating tools—that distinguishes humans from apes. Engels writes, “Thus the hand is not only the organ of labour, it is also the product of labour.” It is not the evolution of the hand that led to our evolution as a species but the coevolution of the hand and labor as a historical process.”
The bottomline of my critique in the blog below is : Language and culture , symbolic communication and symbolically guided behavior, originate 2.5 million years ago and enable homo habilis (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_habilis) to make the first Stone tools . ( THE ORIGIN OF HUMANS IS IN THE ORIGIN OF LANGUAGE AND CULTURE , SYMBOLIC COMMUNICATION AND BEHAVIOR) It is NOT that the ancestral bipedal species (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecine) to homo habilis started using its hands ( freed by bipedalism ; standing on two feet instead of four freeing the hands ) and that caused them to start symbolic communication and behavior as Engels speculates . ( this is not idealist philosophical error on my part ; I will explain why not below)
Here is Engels’ essay The Part played by Labour in the Transition from Ape to Man http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1876/part-played-labour/index.htm
The following is my blog item critiquing Engels‘ essay.
http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2017/02/more-leisure-is-homo-sapiens-species.html
More Leisure is Homo sapiens species essence ; May Day demand More Leisure ( than our ancestral primate species had) is our species essence ( See "The Original Affluent Society" by my anthropological mentor and senior anthro major advisor ,Marshall Sahlins , in _Stone Age Economics_ ) . Foraging is a mode of direct appropriation from nature , not a mode of production; making a living by gigging smart not working hard. It was not that bi-pedalism and the origin of hands originated a new labor that caused the invention of tradition , names and words . The invention of culture and language in childcare by mothers ( I’m saying mothers invented names , words , symbolic communication to improve childcare, reproductive labor ) was extended to making a living ( the Darwinian struggle for existence) ; language and culture revolutionized the human struggle for existence by making it smarter, wiser, because of accumulation of knowledge over many generations . Language gives humans the capacity for dead generations to leave communications about their experiences to future living generations) . Also More leisure gives more time to think and thereby work even smarter.
Symbolic communication allows : Ancestor veneration
The difference between humans and all other species is that through symbolic communication , words and culture, dead generations have a certain immortality and are part of the society of living generations . Living generations share the experiences of dead generations . Thereby knowledge accumulates. All humans stand on the shoulders of giants , as the scientist Issac Newton put it concerning his scientific ancestors .
Engels is wrong in "The Role of Labor in the Transition from Ape to Man" when he says "First labour, after it and then with it speech ..."
CB : First long childcare , then names and speech invented by mothers to do better childcare , and then a transition to LESS toil in the struggle for existence , to smarter struggle for existence informed by ancestral experience , and more leisure as compared with primate species ancestral to homo habilis and the origin of the Stone Age . Stone tools were invented to allow making a living less toilsome and more efficient .
Perhaps the topic would be better named the transition in the struggle for existence in the transition from ape to man : the origin of imagination.
Stone Age society is Societas ( anthropologist Lewis Henry Morgan’s term in _Ancient Society_ ) beginning 2.5 million years ago ; to circa 6,000 years ago with the beginning of Civitas ( Morgan ) private property, greed , slavery and heavy labor ( as Engels teaches in _The Origin of the Family , Private Property and the State _ ) . Slavery is the origin of Hard work , work ethic. With so-called civilization, hard work ethic comes to dominate cultural ideas . So, hard labour is not our Stone Age, species-being , but civilization-being, which is a small fraction of the full time of our species history.
I think Engels anachronistically projects the determining role of labor on ideas ( the historical materialist principle ) back onto the Stone Age origins of language and culture . In fact the invention of language and culture revolutionized the bipedal primates’ struggle for existence by making it less of a struggle . Toilsome struggle was introduced with _slave_ labor in so-called civilization where historical materialist determination originates.
Nonetheless , Marx and Engels do propose transition from the Kingdom of Necessity to the Kingdom of Freedom . Freedom is Leisure and smart work through technology . Jobs lost to technological invention should be translated into more leisure time for the masses, a May Day demand.
[Marxism-Thaxis] The Part played by Labour in the Transition from Ape to Man c b Thu, 27 May 2010 05:54:49 -0700 What about the transition in labor in the transition from ape to man ? This essay uses "labor" in the sense that it is something that apes do; it is their struggle for existence , for survival in the Darwinian sense . So, it is not the same "labor" ( or is it work ?) that produces capitalist surplus value in _Capital_I, but the “labor “ more general to all animals that Marx describes in Chapter so and so , where he says the difference between the labor of spiders and bees and that of man is imagining the project as a plan first ( this implies that spiders and bees labor).
"Labour is, in the first place, a process in which both man and Nature participate, and in which man of his own accord starts, regulates, and controls the material re-actions between himself and Nature. He opposes himself to Nature as one of her own forces, setting in motion arms and legs, head and hands, the natural forces of his body, in order to appropriate Nature’s productions in a form adapted to his own wants. By thus acting on the external world and changing it, he at the same time changes his own nature. He develops his slumbering powers and compels them to act in obedience to his sway. We are not now dealing with those primitive instinctive forms of labour that remind us of the mere animal. An immeasurable interval of time separates the state of things in which a man brings his labour-power to market for sale as a commodity, from that state in which human labour was still in its first instinctive stage. We pre-suppose labour in a form that stamps it as exclusively human. A spider conducts operations that resemble those of a weaver, and a bee puts to shame many an architect in the construction of her cells. But what distinguishes the worst architect from the best of bees is this, that the architect raises his structure in imagination before he erects it in reality. At the end of every labour-process, we get a result that already existed in the imagination of the labourer at its commencement. He not only effects a change of form in the material on which he works, but he also realises a purpose of his own that gives the law to his modus operandi, and to which he must subordinate his will. And this subordination is no mere momentary act. Besides the exertion of the bodily organs, the process demands that, during the whole operation, the workman’s will be steadily in consonance with his purpose. This means close attention. The less he is attracted by the nature of the work, and the mode in which it is carried on, and the less, therefore, he enjoys it as something which gives play to his bodily and mental powers, the more close his attention is forced to be.” https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ch07.htm
? So, Marx’s implication ( contra Engels in “The Role of Labor “ ) is that in the transition from ape to man, labor transitioned in part by taking on more mental labor, imagination and planning , as a component. Imagination is a form of symbolic thinking . Symbolic thinking defines humans , differentiates humans from all other species despite the false and exaggerated claims for chimps and gorillas by some primatologists
[Marxism-Thaxis] The Part played by Labour in the Transition from Ape to Man c b Thu, 27 May 2010 13:32:42 -0700 Engels: “But the decisive step had been taken, the hand had become free and could henceforth attain ever greater dexterity; the greater flexibility thus acquired was inherited and increased from generation to generation.”
^^^^^ CB: Ahhh but how ? How did the experience of repetition of use of _a_ hand by one individual get transferred to the brains of the next generation and the next , become the experience of _The_ hand ? If Patriarch/Matrirach uses his hands thousands of times his increasing dexterity is based on accumulated experience in that one individual's brain. The next generation's brains go back to "square one" at birth and childhood . The only way to accumulate the knowledge across generations is by mediating the learning experience with language, imagination, symbolic communication The only way to "stand on the shoulders of giants" is to receive messages from them through a system of symbols, words . ( as in those days there wasn't the technology to take enough pictures) "The" hand is not the hand of an individual, but The Hand, as a concept, an organ of the species.
( Symbolic signs - words being the best example - have an _arbitrary_ relation between the sign and the thing signified . They are using something to represent something that they are not.
In my class , I write my name on the board -Charles Brown . Then I point out that the marks on the board are not me; but they are used to represent me. So a name is using something to represent something it is not . There is an arbitrary relation between a name and the person named . “What’s in a name ? A rose by any other is just as sweet.
The opposite of a symbolic sign is an _indexical_ sign . There is a necessary ( not arbitrary ) relationship between the sign and the thing signified . A favorite example is smoke and fire . Smoke is an indexical sign of fire .
Only humans have symbolic signs . Humans and all other animals communicate or read indexical signs ; humans have both -despite the exaggerated claims for chimps and gorillas by some animals rights primatologists.
Symbolic and indexical signs are basic ideas of semiotics .( http://www.visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/S4B/)
The arbitrary relation between symbolic signs and thing signified gives humans a DISPLACEMENT capacity . Humans can communicate with each other about events that are not in their immediate sensory field , like things that happened a week ago , or things that are on the other side of town
See https://owlcation.com/stem/The-difference-between-animal-and-human-communication
I CLAIM TO HAVE DISCOVERED BY LOGICAL IMPLICATION THAT THE UNIQUE DISPLACEMENT CAPACITY OF HUMANS ALLOWS ACCUMULATION OF KNOWLEDGE OVER GENERATIONS BECAUSE A LIVING GENERATION CAN SHARE THE EXPERIENCE OF DEAD GENERATIONS , SHARE _DISPLACED_ EXPERIENCES . Therefore , it was the ability to experience the displaced experiences of dead generations, symbolic thinking , that allowed the first humans to make Stone tools ( reverse of Engels’ idea)
Again , Symbolic communication allows : Ancestor veneration <
The difference between humans and all other species is that through symbolic communication , words and culture, dead generations have a certain immortality and are part of the society of living generations . Living generations share the experiences of dead generations . Thereby knowledge accumulates. All humans stand on the shoulders of giants , as the scientist Isaac Newton put it concerning his scientific ancestors . @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/06/210602170624.htm @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.335.4277&rep=rep1&type=pdf <
On Nov 11, 2024, at 4:02 PM, Jim Farmelant
BERTRAND: Indonesian President Prabowo hails China as the new moral leader of geopolitics
President Prabowo Subianto has hailed Indonesia’s deepening ties with China, calling it a “pillar of peace and prosperity” in the Southeast Asia region, in an implicit rebuke of western “imperialism and colonialism.” The speech highlights the deepening rift between the West and the Global South, where China is increasingly seen as the guarantor of independence and a moral authority.
Canadian former MP
you know we have the MAGA Republicans
coming to Ottawa and saying we all share
things in common well we share some
things in common but there's other
things where we're fundamentally
different you know we are a democratic
nation we believe in the rule of law the
United states has allowed a man who uh
attempted a a coup to stay in power who
Sunday, May 25, 2025
In Darwnian Natural Selection , Natural Breeding , the measure of fitness or adaptive success is population growth; failure is population shrinkage . Individual organisms don't have fitness; their geno-TYPES do ; their genomes do. The _population_ of individuals of the same genotype has fitness , not each individual itself .
MAGA farmers and the idiocy of rural life
"The bourgeoisie has subjected the country to the rule of the towns. It has created enormous cities, has greatly increased the urban population as compared with the rural, and has thus rescued a considerable part of the population from the idiocy of rural life. Just as it has made the country dependent on the towns, so it has made barbarian and semi-barbarian countries dependent on the civilised ones, nations of peasants on nations of bourgeois, the East on the West."
Karl Marx, The Communist Manifesto
GOP led white race riot continues
http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2024/12/trump-playing-racist-trump-card.html
