Wednesday, September 9, 2026
<
" As use values, commodities are, above all, of different qualities, but as exchange values they are merely different quantities, and consequently do not contain an atom of use value. If then we leave out of consideration the use value of commodities, they have only one common property left, that of being products of labour. "<
" As use values, commodities are, above all, of different qualities, but as exchange values they are merely different quantities, and consequently do not contain an atom of use value. If then we leave out of consideration the use value of commodities, they have only one common property left, that of being products of labour. "<
Only white people can end racism and yes, they can do it !
Only white people can end racism and yes, they can do it !<
Labor Power Monday, February 27, 2023 Only white people can end racism and yes, they can do it ! Only white people can end racism and yes, they can do it ! By Charles Brown There is a paradox of Black History. It's biggest liberation events are in the conduct of White people, not Black people. Victories against white supremacy are changes in the conduct of white people, not changes in the conduct of Black people and other people of color ; changes in the conduct of white people toward Black people as in no longer abusing them as slaves when slavery was abolished. Ceasing and desisting from Jim Crow . That's Black History, but it's mainly White people acting differently. Black people may have fought them or inspired the White people to do it , but the change was in White people's conduct. Black liberation history is made when white people give up portions of their white supremacy.
So, Obama inspired a large minority of white people to overcome their racism , or take their anti-racism to a new level, take affirmative action, change their conduct and vote for a Black man for _President_, a major symbolic position of leadership in American politics and culture . This is the Black historic achievement of Obama, a big one.
Consider Lyndon B. Johnson , major historical actor in the achievements of the Civil Rights movement of the 1960's . We celebrate Martin Luther King and Rosa Parks, Little Rock Arkansas high school children facing mobs. Johnson had been a segregationist Senator. The change in his conduct was extraordinary. This is not to praise him as a man so much as to point out the objective fact that it is _change_ in _his_ conduct that is critical.
https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10150272821854944&set=a.194636964943.26841.16832619943&type=1&theater Today in Black History: In 1966, Andrew Brimmer is the first African American to be appointed to the Federal Reserve Board
In a sense, white people are the only ones who can dismantle racism, because racism is something they do. Black people don't do racism. How are Black people going to go make white people stop doing racism ? They can't. Can't go over and put your hands on them and make them stop. Only white people can end racism. The choice is up to White people, and yes, they can do it ! <
http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2024/06/only-white-people-can-end-racism-and.html
Labor Power Monday, February 27, 2023 Only white people can end racism and yes, they can do it ! Only white people can end racism and yes, they can do it ! By Charles Brown There is a paradox of Black History. It's biggest liberation events are in the conduct of White people, not Black people. Victories against white supremacy are changes in the conduct of white people, not changes in the conduct of Black people and other people of color ; changes in the conduct of white people toward Black people as in no longer abusing them as slaves when slavery was abolished. Ceasing and desisting from Jim Crow . That's Black History, but it's mainly White people acting differently. Black people may have fought them or inspired the White people to do it , but the change was in White people's conduct. Black liberation history is made when white people give up portions of their white supremacy.
So, Obama inspired a large minority of white people to overcome their racism , or take their anti-racism to a new level, take affirmative action, change their conduct and vote for a Black man for _President_, a major symbolic position of leadership in American politics and culture . This is the Black historic achievement of Obama, a big one.
Consider Lyndon B. Johnson , major historical actor in the achievements of the Civil Rights movement of the 1960's . We celebrate Martin Luther King and Rosa Parks, Little Rock Arkansas high school children facing mobs. Johnson had been a segregationist Senator. The change in his conduct was extraordinary. This is not to praise him as a man so much as to point out the objective fact that it is _change_ in _his_ conduct that is critical.
https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10150272821854944&set=a.194636964943.26841.16832619943&type=1&theater Today in Black History: In 1966, Andrew Brimmer is the first African American to be appointed to the Federal Reserve Board
In a sense, white people are the only ones who can dismantle racism, because racism is something they do. Black people don't do racism. How are Black people going to go make white people stop doing racism ? They can't. Can't go over and put your hands on them and make them stop. Only white people can end racism. The choice is up to White people, and yes, they can do it ! <
http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2024/06/only-white-people-can-end-racism-and.html
24-25-26 white race riot continues: 'Tidal wave of white supremacy': Trump blasted over removal of slavery criticism at military cemetery
'Tidal wave of white
supremacy': Trump blasted over removal of slavery criticism at military cemetery
<
https://l.smartnews.com/p-8syPoNEI/YSuMTV
https://l.smartnews.com/p-8syPoNEI/YSuMTV
Tuesday, September 8, 2026
<
the SCO summit,Chinese President Xi Jinping said that the 10 member countries should "prioritise security" and prevent external interference in the affairs of other nations. He also announced initiatives including a new centre for international artificial intelligence (Al) cooperation. Xi said the Eurasian bloc should take on a bigger global role in technology and security. A key lesson from the bloc's 25 years of cooperation was "finding the right way to coexist without alliance, confrontation or targeting any third party".<
"Its most significant achievement has been its steady growth into a new type of regional cooperation organisation that now spans the widest territory, encompasses the largest population and holds the greatest development potential in the world," Xi said. <
However, the world was at a crossroads, with rivalries between dialogue and confrontation, win-win cooperation and zero-sum competi-tion, and multilateralism versus unilateralism. Xi said countries had to "prioritise security and create a universally secure environment" , and prevent external forces from interfering in the internal affairs of other countries to safeguard regional stability. In Cairo, where Xi held talks with his Egyptian counterpart Abdel-Fattah el-Sisi, he presented a four-point proposal for peace and a new security architecture in the Middle East, which reflects Egypt's influence in the region. It encourages regional countries to take charge of their own security by resolving differences through dialogue, promoting a vision of security combining development and peace, focusing on economic growth and regional cooperation as a bedrock for stability, and supporting the United Nations and respecting national sovereignty.
the SCO summit,Chinese President Xi Jinping said that the 10 member countries should "prioritise security" and prevent external interference in the affairs of other nations. He also announced initiatives including a new centre for international artificial intelligence (Al) cooperation. Xi said the Eurasian bloc should take on a bigger global role in technology and security. A key lesson from the bloc's 25 years of cooperation was "finding the right way to coexist without alliance, confrontation or targeting any third party".<
"Its most significant achievement has been its steady growth into a new type of regional cooperation organisation that now spans the widest territory, encompasses the largest population and holds the greatest development potential in the world," Xi said. <
However, the world was at a crossroads, with rivalries between dialogue and confrontation, win-win cooperation and zero-sum competi-tion, and multilateralism versus unilateralism. Xi said countries had to "prioritise security and create a universally secure environment" , and prevent external forces from interfering in the internal affairs of other countries to safeguard regional stability. In Cairo, where Xi held talks with his Egyptian counterpart Abdel-Fattah el-Sisi, he presented a four-point proposal for peace and a new security architecture in the Middle East, which reflects Egypt's influence in the region. It encourages regional countries to take charge of their own security by resolving differences through dialogue, promoting a vision of security combining development and peace, focusing on economic growth and regional cooperation as a bedrock for stability, and supporting the United Nations and respecting national sovereignty.
Monday, September 7, 2026
Obama's dark skin and white skin color privilege<
Barack Obama's mother was white, and he was raised by white people. Is he white or Black ?
There is a sense in which Obama was raised white but became Black by learning and moving to Black people later in life. Importantly, Obama is brown skinned! He can't be white. It doesn't work both ways in the American system. Light skinned people can be Black, but dark skinned people can't be white. This asymmetry is the crux of the white supremacy here.
Barack Obama's mother was white, and he was raised by white people. Is he white or Black ?
There is a sense in which Obama was raised white but became Black by learning and moving to Black people later in life. Importantly, Obama is brown skinned! He can't be white. It doesn't work both ways in the American system. Light skinned people can be Black, but dark skinned people can't be white. This asymmetry is the crux of the white supremacy here.
The fall of American Late 20th Century Exceptionalism
Until the 1970s, US capitalism shared its spoils with American workers. <
Skip to site navigation (Press enter) [Marxism-Thaxis] Imperialist booty and the wages of opportunism in the long run
Thu, 20 Jan 2011
http://readersupportednews.org/off-site-opinion-section/102-102/4659-the-myth-of-american-exceptionalism-implod
The myth of 'American exceptionalism' implodes
Until the 1970s, US capitalism shared its spoils with American wage-workers. But since 2008, it has made them pay for its failures <
A homeless encampment known as Tent City in Sacramento, California A homeless encampment known as Tent City, in Sacramento, California, in 2009. Since the 1970s, real wages stopped growing and the gap between rich and poor expanded as the US economy slowed down after decades of growth.
Photograph: Rich Pedroncelli/AP
One aspect of "American exceptionalism" was always economic. US workers, so the story went, enjoyed a rising level of real wages that afforded their families a rising standard of living. Ever harder work paid off in rising consumption. The rich got richer faster than the middle and poor, but almost no one got poorer. Nearly all citizens felt "middle class".
A profitable US capitalism kept running ahead of labour supply. So, it kept raising wages to attract waves of immigration and to retain employees, across the 19th century until the 1970s.
Then everything changed. Real wages stopped rising, as US capitalists redirected their investments to produce and employ abroad, while replacing millions of workers in the US with computers.
The US women's liberation moved millions of US adult women to seek paid employment. US capitalism no longer faced a shortage of labour. US employers took advantage of the changed situation: they stopped raising wages. When basic labour scarcity became labour excess, not only real wages, but eventually benefits, too, would stop rising. Over the last 30 years, the vast majority of US workers have, in fact, gotten poorer, when you sum up flat real wages, reduced benefits (pensions, medical insurance, etc), reduced public services and raised tax burdens.
In economic terms, American "exceptionalism" began to die in the 1970s. The rich, however, have got much richer since the 1970s, as every measure of US income and wealth inequality attests. The explanation is simple: while workers' average real wages stayed flat, their productivity rose (the goods and services that an average hour's labour provided to employers). More and better machines (including computers), better education, and harder and faster labour effort raised productivity since the 1970s.
While workers delivered more and more value to employers, those employers paid workers no more. The employers reaped all the benefits of rising productivity: rising profits, rising salaries and bonuses to managers, rising dividends to shareholders, and rising payments to the professionals who serve employers (lawyers, architects, consultants, etc).
Since the 1970s, most US workers postponed facing up to what capitalism had come to mean for them. They sent more family members to do more hours of paid labour, and they borrowed huge amounts. By exhausting themselves, stressing family life to the breaking point in many households, and by taking on unsustainable levels of debt, the US working class delayed the end of American exceptionalism – until the global crisis hit in 2007.
By then, their buying power could no longer grow: rising unemployment kept wages flat, no more hours of work, nor more borrowing, were possible. Reckoning time had arrived. A US capitalism built on expanding mass consumption lost its foundation. The richest 10-15% – those cashing in on employers' good fortune from no longer-rising wages – helped bring on the crisis by speculating wildly and unsuccessfully in all sorts of new financial instruments (asset-backed securities, credit default swaps, etc). The richest also contributed to the crisis by using their money to shift US politics to the right, rendering government regulation and oversight inadequate to anticipate or moderate the crisis or even to react properly once it hit. Indeed, the rich have so far been able to use the crisis to widen still further the gulf separating themselves from the rest, to finally bury American exceptionalism. First, they utilised both parties' dependence on their financial support to make sure there would be no mass federal hiring programme for the unemployed (as FDR used between 1934 and 1940). The absence of such a programme guaranteed that real wages would not rise and, with job benefits, would likely fall – as they indeed have done. Second, the rich made sure that the prime focus of government response to the crisis would benefit banks, large corporations and the stock markets. These have more or less "recovered". Third, the current drive for government budget austerity – especially focused on the 50 states and the thousands of municipalities – forces the mass of people to pick up the costs for the government's unjustly imbalanced response to the crisis. The trillions spent to save the banks and selected other corporations (AIG, GM, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, etc) were mostly borrowed because the government dared not tax the corporations and the richest citizens to raise the needed rescue funds. Indeed, a good part of what the government borrowed came precisely from those funds left in the hands of corporations and the rich, because they had not been taxed to overcome the crisis. With sharply enlarged debts, all levels of government face the pressure of needing to take too much from current tax revenues to pay interest on debts, leaving too little to sustain public services. So, they demand the people pay more taxes and suffer reduced public services, so that government can reduce its debt burden. For example, California's new governor proposes to continue for five more years the massive, broad-based tax increases begun during the crisis and also to cut state services for the poor (reduced Medicaid funding) and the middle class(reduced budgets for community colleges, state colleges, and the university system). The governor admits that California's budget faces sky-high interest costs and reduced federal government assistance just when the crisis increases demands for public services. The governor does not admit his fear to tax the state's huge corporate and private individual wealth. So, he announces an "austerity programme", as if no alternative existed. Indeed, a major support for austerity comes from the large corporations and wealthiest Californians, who hold the state's bonds and want reassurances that the interest on those bonds will be paid. California's austerity programme parallels similar programmes in many other states, in thousands of municipalities, and at the federal level (for example, social security). Together, they reinforce falling real wages, falling benefits, falling government services and rising taxes. In the US, capitalism has stopped "delivering the goods", as it so long boasted. The reality of ever-deeper economic division clashes with expectations built up when wages rose over the century before the 1970s. US capitalism now brings long-term painful decline for its working class, the end of "American exceptionalism" and rising social, cultural and political tensions. • Richard Wolff gives his monthly talk on global capitalism at the Brecht Forum in New York on 18 January; for more information about Professor Wolff's lectures, podcasts and media appearance, visit his website
Skip to site navigation (Press enter) [Marxism-Thaxis] Imperialist booty and the wages of opportunism in the long run
Thu, 20 Jan 2011
http://readersupportednews.org/off-site-opinion-section/102-102/4659-the-myth-of-american-exceptionalism-implod
The myth of 'American exceptionalism' implodes
Until the 1970s, US capitalism shared its spoils with American wage-workers. But since 2008, it has made them pay for its failures <
A homeless encampment known as Tent City in Sacramento, California A homeless encampment known as Tent City, in Sacramento, California, in 2009. Since the 1970s, real wages stopped growing and the gap between rich and poor expanded as the US economy slowed down after decades of growth.
Photograph: Rich Pedroncelli/AP
One aspect of "American exceptionalism" was always economic. US workers, so the story went, enjoyed a rising level of real wages that afforded their families a rising standard of living. Ever harder work paid off in rising consumption. The rich got richer faster than the middle and poor, but almost no one got poorer. Nearly all citizens felt "middle class".
A profitable US capitalism kept running ahead of labour supply. So, it kept raising wages to attract waves of immigration and to retain employees, across the 19th century until the 1970s.
Then everything changed. Real wages stopped rising, as US capitalists redirected their investments to produce and employ abroad, while replacing millions of workers in the US with computers.
The US women's liberation moved millions of US adult women to seek paid employment. US capitalism no longer faced a shortage of labour. US employers took advantage of the changed situation: they stopped raising wages. When basic labour scarcity became labour excess, not only real wages, but eventually benefits, too, would stop rising. Over the last 30 years, the vast majority of US workers have, in fact, gotten poorer, when you sum up flat real wages, reduced benefits (pensions, medical insurance, etc), reduced public services and raised tax burdens.
In economic terms, American "exceptionalism" began to die in the 1970s. The rich, however, have got much richer since the 1970s, as every measure of US income and wealth inequality attests. The explanation is simple: while workers' average real wages stayed flat, their productivity rose (the goods and services that an average hour's labour provided to employers). More and better machines (including computers), better education, and harder and faster labour effort raised productivity since the 1970s.
While workers delivered more and more value to employers, those employers paid workers no more. The employers reaped all the benefits of rising productivity: rising profits, rising salaries and bonuses to managers, rising dividends to shareholders, and rising payments to the professionals who serve employers (lawyers, architects, consultants, etc).
Since the 1970s, most US workers postponed facing up to what capitalism had come to mean for them. They sent more family members to do more hours of paid labour, and they borrowed huge amounts. By exhausting themselves, stressing family life to the breaking point in many households, and by taking on unsustainable levels of debt, the US working class delayed the end of American exceptionalism – until the global crisis hit in 2007.
By then, their buying power could no longer grow: rising unemployment kept wages flat, no more hours of work, nor more borrowing, were possible. Reckoning time had arrived. A US capitalism built on expanding mass consumption lost its foundation. The richest 10-15% – those cashing in on employers' good fortune from no longer-rising wages – helped bring on the crisis by speculating wildly and unsuccessfully in all sorts of new financial instruments (asset-backed securities, credit default swaps, etc). The richest also contributed to the crisis by using their money to shift US politics to the right, rendering government regulation and oversight inadequate to anticipate or moderate the crisis or even to react properly once it hit. Indeed, the rich have so far been able to use the crisis to widen still further the gulf separating themselves from the rest, to finally bury American exceptionalism. First, they utilised both parties' dependence on their financial support to make sure there would be no mass federal hiring programme for the unemployed (as FDR used between 1934 and 1940). The absence of such a programme guaranteed that real wages would not rise and, with job benefits, would likely fall – as they indeed have done. Second, the rich made sure that the prime focus of government response to the crisis would benefit banks, large corporations and the stock markets. These have more or less "recovered". Third, the current drive for government budget austerity – especially focused on the 50 states and the thousands of municipalities – forces the mass of people to pick up the costs for the government's unjustly imbalanced response to the crisis. The trillions spent to save the banks and selected other corporations (AIG, GM, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, etc) were mostly borrowed because the government dared not tax the corporations and the richest citizens to raise the needed rescue funds. Indeed, a good part of what the government borrowed came precisely from those funds left in the hands of corporations and the rich, because they had not been taxed to overcome the crisis. With sharply enlarged debts, all levels of government face the pressure of needing to take too much from current tax revenues to pay interest on debts, leaving too little to sustain public services. So, they demand the people pay more taxes and suffer reduced public services, so that government can reduce its debt burden. For example, California's new governor proposes to continue for five more years the massive, broad-based tax increases begun during the crisis and also to cut state services for the poor (reduced Medicaid funding) and the middle class(reduced budgets for community colleges, state colleges, and the university system). The governor admits that California's budget faces sky-high interest costs and reduced federal government assistance just when the crisis increases demands for public services. The governor does not admit his fear to tax the state's huge corporate and private individual wealth. So, he announces an "austerity programme", as if no alternative existed. Indeed, a major support for austerity comes from the large corporations and wealthiest Californians, who hold the state's bonds and want reassurances that the interest on those bonds will be paid. California's austerity programme parallels similar programmes in many other states, in thousands of municipalities, and at the federal level (for example, social security). Together, they reinforce falling real wages, falling benefits, falling government services and rising taxes. In the US, capitalism has stopped "delivering the goods", as it so long boasted. The reality of ever-deeper economic division clashes with expectations built up when wages rose over the century before the 1970s. US capitalism now brings long-term painful decline for its working class, the end of "American exceptionalism" and rising social, cultural and political tensions. • Richard Wolff gives his monthly talk on global capitalism at the Brecht Forum in New York on 18 January; for more information about Professor Wolff's lectures, podcasts and media appearance, visit his website
American PoliticalEconomy
Republicans are agents of the 1% against the 99%: One capitalist always “kills” many …other capitalists; especially in depressions . Monopoliists want depression to make their biggest killings ; so Republicans try to make depression for the monopolists , the 1%. Depression harms the Wage-Laborers , the 99% , the most.
<
And when unemployment goes up , WAGES go down <
And why are Republicans always saying of wage-laborers , " Let them eat cake " , because they are beating down politically and economically on the Proletariat for the Bourgeosie in the Class Struggle . <
Republicans: Let them eat cake<
http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2026/04/httptake10charles_32.html
For the Big Bourgeoisie, Economic Crashes are Creative Destruction "One capitalist always kills many"-Karl Marx , ( Charles Brown: especially in economic crashes ). < https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ch32.htm> This is what Karl Marx said about the monopoly phase of capitalism. Just like in the game of monopoly , the monopoly capitalists buy up more the failing capitalists cheap in downturns. So, the biggest capitalists _want_ economic recession. Corporations also want high unemployment as the competition from unemployed for jobs puts pressure on to lower wages. The stock market rallies when unemployment goes up; and vica versa.< <
Thus, the Republican Party elected officials' policies seek to cause economic downturn : cut Keynesian social spending to reduce effective demand .
So, Republican Trump seeks to cause recession /depression with his tarriff and war policies .
Seeking economic downturns was given a theoretical justification in the 1930's with the idea of CREATIVE DESTRUCTION .<
( "Creative destruction is an economic concept where innovation continuously dismantles long-standing industries, business models, and technologies to make way for superior ones. Popularized by Joseph Schumpeter, this process drives long-term economic growth and productivity, despite causing short-term disruption, job losses, and industry obsolescence.") <
Economic collapse is coming — and the rich are already prepared to profit from it Thom Hartmann <
The Wall Street Journal reports in an article titled "Trump Tells Aides to Prepare for Extended Blockade of Iran" that: "President Trump has instructed aides to prepare for an extended blockade of Iran, U.S. officials said... WHICH WILL CAUSE ECONOMIC DEPRESSION br>
Economic collapse is coming - and the rich are already prepared to profit from it Thom Hartmann 1 ㅿ +7 Thom Hartmann has argued that a deliberate, policy-driven economic crisis is being engineered, allowing the wealthy to profit while the working class faces severe hardship. In his analysis of the 2025-2026 political landscape, Hartmann points to several factors contributing to this predicted scenario: podcasts.apple.com +1<
• Policy-Driven Crises: Policies under the current administration, such as massive tax cuts for the wealthy, deregulation, and escalating national debt, are creating Policy-Driven Crises: Policies under the current administration, such as massive tax cuts for the wealthy, deregulation, and escalating national debt, are creating instability similar to the pre-depression era.
• The "Morbidly Rich" Strategy: Hartmann describes a "Great Secession of the Morbidly Rich," suggesting that billionaires are hoarding assets, influencing lawmakers, and creating a "billionaire's paradise" out of a collapsing economy. o
• Profit from Collapse: The wealthy are positioned to profit from this instability, while ordinary Americans face rising prices, reduced services, and a "hell of a year" for the 99%. podcasts.apple.com +1
• Austerity and Inequality: This era is characterized by accelerating wealth inequality, where the middle class is squeezed by the erosion of democratic, social, and economic stability. @ Facebook • Thom Hart...
• Warning of "2008 Worse": Hartmann has Ask anything Q Economic collapse is coming — and the richthe erosion of democratic, social, and economic stability. @ Facebook • Thom Hart...<
• Warning of "2008 Worse": Hartmann has warned that bank deregulation and Republican economic strategies are actively engineering a financial collapse potentially worse than the 2008 crisis. © Hartmann's Proposed Solution:
He frequently advises his audience that "forewarned is forearmed," urging the public to stop confusing wealth with wisdom, confront these political choices, and reverse them through political action, particularly in the 2026 midterms. @ Note: This information is based on reports from the Hartmann Report published between 2025 and 2026. How Many Times Will the Morbidly Rich Crash..<
.https://hartmannreport.com/p/how-many-times-will-the-morbidly-91b
And when unemployment goes up , WAGES go down <
And why are Republicans always saying of wage-laborers , " Let them eat cake " , because they are beating down politically and economically on the Proletariat for the Bourgeosie in the Class Struggle . <
Republicans: Let them eat cake<
http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2026/04/httptake10charles_32.html
For the Big Bourgeoisie, Economic Crashes are Creative Destruction "One capitalist always kills many"-Karl Marx , ( Charles Brown: especially in economic crashes ). < https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ch32.htm> This is what Karl Marx said about the monopoly phase of capitalism. Just like in the game of monopoly , the monopoly capitalists buy up more the failing capitalists cheap in downturns. So, the biggest capitalists _want_ economic recession. Corporations also want high unemployment as the competition from unemployed for jobs puts pressure on to lower wages. The stock market rallies when unemployment goes up; and vica versa.< <
Thus, the Republican Party elected officials' policies seek to cause economic downturn : cut Keynesian social spending to reduce effective demand .
So, Republican Trump seeks to cause recession /depression with his tarriff and war policies .
Seeking economic downturns was given a theoretical justification in the 1930's with the idea of CREATIVE DESTRUCTION .<
( "Creative destruction is an economic concept where innovation continuously dismantles long-standing industries, business models, and technologies to make way for superior ones. Popularized by Joseph Schumpeter, this process drives long-term economic growth and productivity, despite causing short-term disruption, job losses, and industry obsolescence.") <
Economic collapse is coming — and the rich are already prepared to profit from it Thom Hartmann <
The Wall Street Journal reports in an article titled "Trump Tells Aides to Prepare for Extended Blockade of Iran" that: "President Trump has instructed aides to prepare for an extended blockade of Iran, U.S. officials said... WHICH WILL CAUSE ECONOMIC DEPRESSION br>
Economic collapse is coming - and the rich are already prepared to profit from it Thom Hartmann 1 ㅿ +7 Thom Hartmann has argued that a deliberate, policy-driven economic crisis is being engineered, allowing the wealthy to profit while the working class faces severe hardship. In his analysis of the 2025-2026 political landscape, Hartmann points to several factors contributing to this predicted scenario: podcasts.apple.com +1<
• Policy-Driven Crises: Policies under the current administration, such as massive tax cuts for the wealthy, deregulation, and escalating national debt, are creating Policy-Driven Crises: Policies under the current administration, such as massive tax cuts for the wealthy, deregulation, and escalating national debt, are creating instability similar to the pre-depression era.
• The "Morbidly Rich" Strategy: Hartmann describes a "Great Secession of the Morbidly Rich," suggesting that billionaires are hoarding assets, influencing lawmakers, and creating a "billionaire's paradise" out of a collapsing economy. o
• Profit from Collapse: The wealthy are positioned to profit from this instability, while ordinary Americans face rising prices, reduced services, and a "hell of a year" for the 99%. podcasts.apple.com +1
• Austerity and Inequality: This era is characterized by accelerating wealth inequality, where the middle class is squeezed by the erosion of democratic, social, and economic stability. @ Facebook • Thom Hart...
• Warning of "2008 Worse": Hartmann has Ask anything Q Economic collapse is coming — and the richthe erosion of democratic, social, and economic stability. @ Facebook • Thom Hart...<
• Warning of "2008 Worse": Hartmann has warned that bank deregulation and Republican economic strategies are actively engineering a financial collapse potentially worse than the 2008 crisis. © Hartmann's Proposed Solution:
He frequently advises his audience that "forewarned is forearmed," urging the public to stop confusing wealth with wisdom, confront these political choices, and reverse them through political action, particularly in the 2026 midterms. @ Note: This information is based on reports from the Hartmann Report published between 2025 and 2026. How Many Times Will the Morbidly Rich Crash..<
.https://hartmannreport.com/p/how-many-times-will-the-morbidly-91b
WAGE-Labor Day : What is a Wage
<
Karl Marx's 1865 Value, Price and Profit explains that profit comes from unpaid labor time, creating an inverse relationship between wages and profit. A Revolutionary Co... +1 Core Concepts • Value: The amount of socially necessary labor time needed to make a commodity. • Wages: The cost of the worker's labor power, or what is required to keep the worker alive and working. • Profit: The surplus value left over after the capitalist pays for materials, equipment, and wages. W)Profit: The surplus value left over after the capitalist pays for materials, equipment, and wages. W Wikipedia +2 The Relationship • Inverse Proportion: When the value created by a worker is split, higher wages mean lower profit, and lower wages mean higher profit. • Prices: Prices are regulated by overall labor value, not just by arbitrary markups on wages. • Exploitation: Workers produce more value in a workday than what they receive in their paycheck, forming the basis of capitalist profit. - Marxists Internet ... +4 Would you like to explore how this relates to Karl Marx's theory of surplus value or → his debate with John Weston? Marxists Internet Archive Value, Price and Profit, Ask anything W Wikipedia +2 Ask anything 미 Q wages, price profit
Karl Marx's 1865 Value, Price and Profit explains that profit comes from unpaid labor time, creating an inverse relationship between wages and profit. A Revolutionary Co... +1 Core Concepts • Value: The amount of socially necessary labor time needed to make a commodity. • Wages: The cost of the worker's labor power, or what is required to keep the worker alive and working. • Profit: The surplus value left over after the capitalist pays for materials, equipment, and wages. W)Profit: The surplus value left over after the capitalist pays for materials, equipment, and wages. W Wikipedia +2 The Relationship • Inverse Proportion: When the value created by a worker is split, higher wages mean lower profit, and lower wages mean higher profit. • Prices: Prices are regulated by overall labor value, not just by arbitrary markups on wages. • Exploitation: Workers produce more value in a workday than what they receive in their paycheck, forming the basis of capitalist profit. - Marxists Internet ... +4 Would you like to explore how this relates to Karl Marx's theory of surplus value or → his debate with John Weston? Marxists Internet Archive Value, Price and Profit, Ask anything W Wikipedia +2 Ask anything 미 Q wages, price profit
Happy WAGE-Labor Day , PROLETARIAT Day , Darlin ‘
Happy, Merry WAGE-Labor Day ! Live, Love , Laugh !
Proletariat Day uhhuh smiles <
Labor Day is a federal holiday in the United States celebrated on the first Monday of September to honor and recognize the American labor movement and the works and contributions of laborers to the development and achievements in the United States.[1][2][3]
<
Labor in general , and in capitalism , Wage-Labor is the source of all EXCHANGE-- value; along with Nature , Labor is the source of USE-value <
Happy Wage-Labor Day to Thou , Honey. <
Artificial Intelligence says : <
Wage labor is an economic relationship where a worker sells their labor to an employer in exchange for set money, like a wage or salary; ( Charles Brown. sells labor power to make services and goods, commodities objects and bodily motions , communications)<
How It Works • The Agreement: The worker and employer sign a contract or make an agreement for specific work. • The Payment: The worker receives money based on hours worked, tasks completed, or a fixed salary. • The Ownership: The final product or service belongs to the employer, not the worker. Key Views on Wage Labor • Standard Economics: It is a voluntary exchange of services for money in a free market. • Marxist Theory: Critics like Karl Marx argued fixed salary. • The Ownership: The final product or service belongs to the employer, not the worker. Key Views on Wage Labor • Standard Economics: It is a voluntary exchange of services for money in a free market. • Marxist Theory: Critics like Karl Marx argued it creates inequality. Because workers do not own the tools or factories (the means of production), they must sell their labor to survive. Marx stated that workers are paid enough to live, but the extra value of what they produce goes to the employer as profit. Would you like to explore how wage labor started during the Industrial Revolution or learn more about the criticisms of wage labor?<
http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2023/09/blog-post_64.html
<
Wikipedia : Wage labour (also wage labor in American English), usually referred to as paid work, paid employment, or paid labour, refers to the socioeconomic relationship between a worker and an employer in which the worker works for a set amount of money under a formal or informal employment contract. l These transactions usually occur in a labour market where wages or salaries are market-determined. I2] Wage labor is a service in standard economic theory.<
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Yes, wage-laborers are the proletariat. In Marxist theory, the terms "wage-laborers" and "proletariat" refer to the exact same social class. Defining the Proletariat Marx defines the proletariat by two main characteristics: • No Ownership of Production: They do not own the factories, tools, land, or resources (the means of production) needed to create goods. • Survival Through Wages: Because they own nothing but their ability to work, they have no choice but to sell their labor-power to capitalists in exchange for a wage to buy the means of production) needed to create goods. • Survival Through Wages: Because they own nothing but their ability to work, they have no choice but to sell their labor-power to capitalists in exchange for a wage to buy food, housing, and basic necessities. <
The opposite of the proletariat is the bourgeoisie (the capitalist class), who own the means of production and generate wealth by hiring wage-laborers and keeping the surplus value they produce. Would you like to explore Marx's predictions for how the proletariat would organize, or see how he distinguished them from other groups like the peasantry or the lumpenproletariat? <
https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ch01.htm#S1<
<
Karl Marx. Capital Volume One Part I: Commodities and Money Chapter One: Commodities Contents Section 1 - The Two Factors of a Commodity: Use-Value and Value Section 2 - The two-fold Character of the Labour Embodied in Commodities THE TWO FACTORS OF A COMMODITY: USE-VALUE AND VALUE (THE SUBSTANCE OF VALUE AND THE MAGNITUDE OF VALUE) The wealth of those societies in which the capitalist mode of production prevails, presents itself as “an immense accumulation of commodities,”[1] its unit being a single commodity. Our investigation must therefore begin with the analysis of a commodity. A commodity is, in the first place, an object outside us, a thing that by its properties satisfies human wants of some sort or another. The nature of such wants, whether, for instance, they spring from the stomach or from fancy, makes no difference.[2] Neither are we here concerned to know how the object satisfies these wants, whether directly as means of subsistence, or indirectly as means of production. Every useful thing, as iron, paper, &c., may be looked at from the two points of view of quality and quantity. It is an assemblage of many properties, and may therefore be of use in various ways. To discover the various uses of things is the work of history.[3] So also is the establishment of socially-recognized standards of measure for the quantities of these useful objects. The diversity of these measures has its origin partly in the diverse nature of the objects to be measured, partly in convention. The utility of a thing makes it a use value.[4] But this utility is not a thing of air. Being limited by the physical properties of the commodity, it has no existence apart from that commodity. A commodity, such as iron, corn, or a diamond, is therefore, so far as it is a material thing, a use value, something useful. This property of a commodity is independent of the amount of labour required to appropriate its useful qualities. When treating of use value, we always assume to be dealing with definite quantities, such as dozens of watches, yards of linen, or tons of iron. The use values of commodities furnish the material for a special study, that of the commercial knowledge of commodities.[5] Use values become a reality only by use or consumption: they also constitute the substance of all wealth, whatever may be the social form of that wealth. In the form of society we are about to consider, they are, in addition, the material depositories of exchange value. Exchange value, at first sight, presents itself as a quantitative relation, as the proportion in which values in use of one sort are exchanged for those of another sort,[6] a relation constantly changing with time and place. Hence exchange value appears to be something accidental and purely relative, and consequently an intrinsic value, i.e., an exchange value that is inseparably connected with, inherent in commodities, seems a contradiction in terms.[7] Let us consider the matter a little more closely. A given commodity, e.g., a quarter of wheat is exchanged for x blacking, y silk, or z gold, &c. – in short, for other commodities in the most different proportions. Instead of one exchange value, the wheat has, therefore, a great many. But since x blacking, y silk, or z gold &c., each represents the exchange value of one quarter of wheat, x blacking, y silk, z gold, &c., must, as exchange values, be replaceable by each other, or equal to each other. Therefore, first: the valid exchange values of a given commodity express something equal; secondly, exchange value, generally, is only the mode of expression, the phenomenal form, of something contained in it, yet distinguishable from it. Let us take two commodities, e.g., corn and iron. The proportions in which they are exchangeable, whatever those proportions may be, can always be represented by an equation in which a given quantity of corn is equated to some quantity of iron: e.g., 1 quarter corn = x cwt. iron. What does this equation tell us? It tells us that in two different things – in 1 quarter of corn and x cwt. of iron, there exists in equal quantities something common to both. The two things must therefore be equal to a third, which in itself is neither the one nor the other. Each of them, so far as it is exchange value, must therefore be reducible to this third. A simple geometrical illustration will make this clear. In order to calculate and compare the areas of rectilinear figures, we decompose them into triangles. But the area of the triangle itself is expressed by something totally different from its visible figure, namely, by half the product of the base multiplied by the altitude. In the same way the exchange values of commodities must be capable of being expressed in terms of something common to them all, of which thing they represent a greater or less quantity. This common “something” cannot be either a geometrical, a chemical, or any other natural property of commodities. Such properties claim our attention only in so far as they affect the utility of those commodities, make them use values. But the exchange of commodities is evidently an act characterised by a total abstraction from use value. Then one use value is just as good as another, provided only it be present in sufficient quantity. Or, as old Barbon says, “one sort of wares are as good as another, if the values be equal. There is no difference or distinction in things of equal value ... An hundred pounds’ worth of lead or iron, is of as great value as one hundred pounds’ worth of silver or gold.”[8] As use values, commodities are, above all, of different qualities, but as exchange values they are merely different quantities, and consequently do not contain an atom of use value. If then we leave out of consideration the use value of commodities, they have only one common property left, that of being products of labour. But even the product of labour itself has undergone a change in our hands. If we make abstraction from its use value, we make abstraction at the same time from the material elements and shapes that make the product a use value; we see in it no longer a table, a house, yarn, or any other useful thing. Its existence as a material thing is put out of sight. Neither can it any longer be regarded as the product of the labour of the joiner, the mason, the spinner, or of any other definite kind of productive labour. Along with the useful qualities of the products themselves, we put out of sight both the useful character of the various kinds of labour embodied in them, and the concrete forms of that labour; there is nothing left but what is common to them all; all are reduced to one and the same sort of labour, human labour in the abstract. Let us now consider the residue of each of these products; it consists of the same unsubstantial reality in each, a mere congelation of homogeneous human labour, of labour power expended without regard to the mode of its expenditure. All that these things now tell us is, that human labour power has been expended in their production, that human labour is embodied in them. When looked at as crystals of this social substance, common to them all, they are – Values. We have seen that when commodities are exchanged, their exchange value manifests itself as something totally independent of their use value. But if we abstract from their use value, there remains their Value as defined above. Therefore, the common substance that manifests itself in the exchange value of commodities, whenever they are exchanged, is their value. The progress of our investigation will show that exchange value is the only form in which the value of commodities can manifest itself or be expressed. For the present, however, we have to consider the nature of value independently of this, its form. A use value, or useful article, therefore, has value only because human labour in the abstract has been embodied or materialised in it. How, then, is the magnitude of this value to be measured? Plainly, by the quantity of the value-creating substance, the labour, contained in the article. The quantity of labour, however, is measured by its duration, and labour time in its turn finds its standard in weeks, days, and hours. Some people might think that if the value of a commodity is determined by the quantity of labour spent on it, the more idle and unskilful the labourer, the more valuable would his commodity be, because more time would be required in its production. The labour, however, that forms the substance of value, is homogeneous human labour, expenditure of one uniform labour power. The total labour power of society, which is embodied in the sum total of the values of all commodities produced by that society, counts here as one homogeneous mass of human labour power, composed though it be of innumerable individual units. Each of these units is the same as any other, so far as it has the character of the average labour power of society, and takes effect as such; that is, so far as it requires for producing a commodity, no more time than is needed on an average, no more than is socially necessary. The labour time socially necessary is that required to produce an article under the normal conditions of production, and with the average degree of skill and intensity prevalent at the time. The introduction of power-looms into England probably reduced by one-half the labour required to weave a given quantity of yarn into cloth. The hand-loom weavers, as a matter of fact, continued to require the same time as before; but for all that, the product of one hour of their labour represented after the change only half an hour’s social labour, and consequently fell to one-half its former value. We see then that that which determines the magnitude of the value of any article is the amount of labour socially necessary, or the labour time socially necessary for its production.[9] Each individual commodity, in this connexion, is to be considered as an average sample of its class.[10] Commodities, therefore, in which equal quantities of labour are embodied, or which can be produced in the same time, have the same value. The value of one commodity is to the value of any other, as the labour time necessary for the production of the one is to that necessary for the production of the other. “As values, all commodities are only definite masses of congealed labour time.”[11] The value of a commodity would therefore remain constant, if the labour time required for its production also remained constant. But the latter changes with every variation in the productiveness of labour. This productiveness is determined by various circumstances, amongst others, by the average amount of skill of the workmen, the state of science, and the degree of its practical application, the social organisation of production, the extent and capabilities of the means of production, and by physical conditions. For example, the same amount of labour in favourable seasons is embodied in 8 bushels of corn, and in unfavourable, only in four. The same labour extracts from rich mines more metal than from poor mines. Diamonds are of very rare occurrence on the earth’s surface, and hence their discovery costs, on an average, a great deal of labour time. Consequently much labour is represented in a small compass. Jacob doubts whether gold has ever been paid for at its full value. This applies still more to diamonds. According to Eschwege, the total produce of the Brazilian diamond mines for the eighty years, ending in 1823, had not realised the price of one-and-a-half years’ average produce of the sugar and coffee plantations of the same country, although the diamonds cost much more labour, and therefore represented more value. With richer mines, the same quantity of labour would embody itself in more diamonds, and their value would fall. If we could succeed at a small expenditure of labour, in converting carbon into diamonds, their value might fall below that of bricks. In general, the greater the productiveness of labour, the less is the labour time required for the production of an article, the less is the amount of labour crystallised in that article, and the less is its value; and vice versâ, the less the productiveness of labour, the greater is the labour time required for the production of an article, and the greater is its value. The value of a commodity, therefore, varies directly as the quantity, and inversely as the productiveness, of the labour incorporated in it. [A] A thing can be a use value, without having value. This is the case whenever its utility to man is not due to labour. Such are air, virgin soil, natural meadows, &c. A thing can be useful, and the product of human labour, without being a commodity. Whoever directly satisfies his wants with the produce of his own labour, creates, indeed, use values, but not commodities. In order to produce the latter, he must not only produce use values, but use values for others, social use values. (And not only for others, without more. The mediaeval peasant produced quit-rent-corn for his feudal lord and tithe-corn for his parson. But neither the quit-rent-corn nor the tithe-corn became commodities by reason of the fact that they had been produced for others. To become a commodity a product must be transferred to another, whom it will serve as a use value, by means of an exchange.)[12] Lastly nothing can have value, without being an object of utility. If the thing is useless, so is the labour contained in it; the labour does not count as labour, and therefore creates no value.<
https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ch01.htm#S1
https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1865/value-price-profit/<
Value, Price and Profit Speech by Marx to the First International Working Men's Association, June 1865 Source: Marx, Karl. Value, Price and Profit. New York: International Co., Inc, 1969; Written: between end of May and June 27, 1865; First published: 1898; Edited: by Eleanor Marx Aveling; HTML Mark-up: Mike Ballard, 1995; Proofed: and corrected by Brandon Poole, 2009. Introduction Preface by Edward Aveling Preliminary 1. Production and Wages 2. Production, Wages, Profits 3. Wages and Currency 4. Supply and Demand 5. Wages and Prices 6. Value and Labour 7. Labour Power 2 Drndnictinn of Cumnlin Talin Preface by Edward Aveling Preliminary 1. Production and Wages 2. Production, Wages, Profits 3. Wages and Currency 4. Supply and Demand 5. Wages and Prices 6. Value and Labour 7. Labour Power 8. Production of Surplus Value 9. Value of Labour 10. Profit is made by Selling a Commodity at its Value 11. The different Parts into which Surplus Value is Decomposed 12. The General Relation of Profits, Wages, and Prices 13. Main cases of Attempts at Raising Wages or Resisting their Fall 14. The Struggle between Capital and Labour, and its Results Study Guide | Notes by Marx Marx and Engels on Political Economy <
Preface by Edward Aveling Preliminary 1. Production and Wages 2. Production, Wages, Profits 3. Wages and Currency 4. Supply and Demand 5. Wages and Prices 6. Value and Labour 7. Labour Power 8. Production of Surplus Value 9. Value of Labour 10. Profit is made by Selling a Commodity at its Value 11. The different Parts into which Surplus Value is Decomposed 12. The General Relation of Profits, Wages, and Prices 13. Main cases of Attempts at Raising Wages or Resisting their Fall 14. The Struggle between Capital and Labour, and its Results Study Guide | Notes by Marx Marx and Engels on Political Economy<
Karl Marx's 1865 Value, Price and Profit explains that profit comes from unpaid labor time, creating an inverse relationship between wages and profit. A Revolutionary Co... +1 Core Concepts • Value: The amount of socially necessary labor time needed to make a commodity. • Wages: The cost of the worker's labor power, or what is required to keep the worker alive and working. • Profit: The surplus value left over after the capitalist pays for materials, equipment, and wages. W)Profit: The surplus value left over after the capitalist pays for materials, equipment, and wages. W Wikipedia +2 The Relationship • Inverse Proportion: When the value created by a worker is split, higher wages mean lower profit, and lower wages mean higher profit. • Prices: Prices are regulated by overall labor value, not just by arbitrary markups on wages. • Exploitation: Workers produce more value in a workday than what they receive in their paycheck, forming the basis of capitalist profit. - Marxists Internet ... +4 Would you like to explore how this relates to Karl Marx's theory of surplus value or → his debate with John Weston? Marxists Internet Archive Value, Price and Profit, Ask anything W Wikipedia +2 Ask anything 미 Q wages, price profit
Labor Day is a federal holiday in the United States celebrated on the first Monday of September to honor and recognize the American labor movement and the works and contributions of laborers to the development and achievements in the United States.[1][2][3]
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Labor in general , and in capitalism , Wage-Labor is the source of all EXCHANGE-- value; along with Nature , Labor is the source of USE-value <
Happy Wage-Labor Day to Thou , Honey. <
Artificial Intelligence says : <
Wage labor is an economic relationship where a worker sells their labor to an employer in exchange for set money, like a wage or salary; ( Charles Brown. sells labor power to make services and goods, commodities objects and bodily motions , communications)<
How It Works • The Agreement: The worker and employer sign a contract or make an agreement for specific work. • The Payment: The worker receives money based on hours worked, tasks completed, or a fixed salary. • The Ownership: The final product or service belongs to the employer, not the worker. Key Views on Wage Labor • Standard Economics: It is a voluntary exchange of services for money in a free market. • Marxist Theory: Critics like Karl Marx argued fixed salary. • The Ownership: The final product or service belongs to the employer, not the worker. Key Views on Wage Labor • Standard Economics: It is a voluntary exchange of services for money in a free market. • Marxist Theory: Critics like Karl Marx argued it creates inequality. Because workers do not own the tools or factories (the means of production), they must sell their labor to survive. Marx stated that workers are paid enough to live, but the extra value of what they produce goes to the employer as profit. Would you like to explore how wage labor started during the Industrial Revolution or learn more about the criticisms of wage labor?<
http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2023/09/blog-post_64.html
<
Wikipedia : Wage labour (also wage labor in American English), usually referred to as paid work, paid employment, or paid labour, refers to the socioeconomic relationship between a worker and an employer in which the worker works for a set amount of money under a formal or informal employment contract. l These transactions usually occur in a labour market where wages or salaries are market-determined. I2] Wage labor is a service in standard economic theory.<
<
Yes, wage-laborers are the proletariat. In Marxist theory, the terms "wage-laborers" and "proletariat" refer to the exact same social class. Defining the Proletariat Marx defines the proletariat by two main characteristics: • No Ownership of Production: They do not own the factories, tools, land, or resources (the means of production) needed to create goods. • Survival Through Wages: Because they own nothing but their ability to work, they have no choice but to sell their labor-power to capitalists in exchange for a wage to buy the means of production) needed to create goods. • Survival Through Wages: Because they own nothing but their ability to work, they have no choice but to sell their labor-power to capitalists in exchange for a wage to buy food, housing, and basic necessities. <
The opposite of the proletariat is the bourgeoisie (the capitalist class), who own the means of production and generate wealth by hiring wage-laborers and keeping the surplus value they produce. Would you like to explore Marx's predictions for how the proletariat would organize, or see how he distinguished them from other groups like the peasantry or the lumpenproletariat? <
https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ch01.htm#S1<
<
Karl Marx. Capital Volume One Part I: Commodities and Money Chapter One: Commodities Contents Section 1 - The Two Factors of a Commodity: Use-Value and Value Section 2 - The two-fold Character of the Labour Embodied in Commodities THE TWO FACTORS OF A COMMODITY: USE-VALUE AND VALUE (THE SUBSTANCE OF VALUE AND THE MAGNITUDE OF VALUE) The wealth of those societies in which the capitalist mode of production prevails, presents itself as “an immense accumulation of commodities,”[1] its unit being a single commodity. Our investigation must therefore begin with the analysis of a commodity. A commodity is, in the first place, an object outside us, a thing that by its properties satisfies human wants of some sort or another. The nature of such wants, whether, for instance, they spring from the stomach or from fancy, makes no difference.[2] Neither are we here concerned to know how the object satisfies these wants, whether directly as means of subsistence, or indirectly as means of production. Every useful thing, as iron, paper, &c., may be looked at from the two points of view of quality and quantity. It is an assemblage of many properties, and may therefore be of use in various ways. To discover the various uses of things is the work of history.[3] So also is the establishment of socially-recognized standards of measure for the quantities of these useful objects. The diversity of these measures has its origin partly in the diverse nature of the objects to be measured, partly in convention. The utility of a thing makes it a use value.[4] But this utility is not a thing of air. Being limited by the physical properties of the commodity, it has no existence apart from that commodity. A commodity, such as iron, corn, or a diamond, is therefore, so far as it is a material thing, a use value, something useful. This property of a commodity is independent of the amount of labour required to appropriate its useful qualities. When treating of use value, we always assume to be dealing with definite quantities, such as dozens of watches, yards of linen, or tons of iron. The use values of commodities furnish the material for a special study, that of the commercial knowledge of commodities.[5] Use values become a reality only by use or consumption: they also constitute the substance of all wealth, whatever may be the social form of that wealth. In the form of society we are about to consider, they are, in addition, the material depositories of exchange value. Exchange value, at first sight, presents itself as a quantitative relation, as the proportion in which values in use of one sort are exchanged for those of another sort,[6] a relation constantly changing with time and place. Hence exchange value appears to be something accidental and purely relative, and consequently an intrinsic value, i.e., an exchange value that is inseparably connected with, inherent in commodities, seems a contradiction in terms.[7] Let us consider the matter a little more closely. A given commodity, e.g., a quarter of wheat is exchanged for x blacking, y silk, or z gold, &c. – in short, for other commodities in the most different proportions. Instead of one exchange value, the wheat has, therefore, a great many. But since x blacking, y silk, or z gold &c., each represents the exchange value of one quarter of wheat, x blacking, y silk, z gold, &c., must, as exchange values, be replaceable by each other, or equal to each other. Therefore, first: the valid exchange values of a given commodity express something equal; secondly, exchange value, generally, is only the mode of expression, the phenomenal form, of something contained in it, yet distinguishable from it. Let us take two commodities, e.g., corn and iron. The proportions in which they are exchangeable, whatever those proportions may be, can always be represented by an equation in which a given quantity of corn is equated to some quantity of iron: e.g., 1 quarter corn = x cwt. iron. What does this equation tell us? It tells us that in two different things – in 1 quarter of corn and x cwt. of iron, there exists in equal quantities something common to both. The two things must therefore be equal to a third, which in itself is neither the one nor the other. Each of them, so far as it is exchange value, must therefore be reducible to this third. A simple geometrical illustration will make this clear. In order to calculate and compare the areas of rectilinear figures, we decompose them into triangles. But the area of the triangle itself is expressed by something totally different from its visible figure, namely, by half the product of the base multiplied by the altitude. In the same way the exchange values of commodities must be capable of being expressed in terms of something common to them all, of which thing they represent a greater or less quantity. This common “something” cannot be either a geometrical, a chemical, or any other natural property of commodities. Such properties claim our attention only in so far as they affect the utility of those commodities, make them use values. But the exchange of commodities is evidently an act characterised by a total abstraction from use value. Then one use value is just as good as another, provided only it be present in sufficient quantity. Or, as old Barbon says, “one sort of wares are as good as another, if the values be equal. There is no difference or distinction in things of equal value ... An hundred pounds’ worth of lead or iron, is of as great value as one hundred pounds’ worth of silver or gold.”[8] As use values, commodities are, above all, of different qualities, but as exchange values they are merely different quantities, and consequently do not contain an atom of use value. If then we leave out of consideration the use value of commodities, they have only one common property left, that of being products of labour. But even the product of labour itself has undergone a change in our hands. If we make abstraction from its use value, we make abstraction at the same time from the material elements and shapes that make the product a use value; we see in it no longer a table, a house, yarn, or any other useful thing. Its existence as a material thing is put out of sight. Neither can it any longer be regarded as the product of the labour of the joiner, the mason, the spinner, or of any other definite kind of productive labour. Along with the useful qualities of the products themselves, we put out of sight both the useful character of the various kinds of labour embodied in them, and the concrete forms of that labour; there is nothing left but what is common to them all; all are reduced to one and the same sort of labour, human labour in the abstract. Let us now consider the residue of each of these products; it consists of the same unsubstantial reality in each, a mere congelation of homogeneous human labour, of labour power expended without regard to the mode of its expenditure. All that these things now tell us is, that human labour power has been expended in their production, that human labour is embodied in them. When looked at as crystals of this social substance, common to them all, they are – Values. We have seen that when commodities are exchanged, their exchange value manifests itself as something totally independent of their use value. But if we abstract from their use value, there remains their Value as defined above. Therefore, the common substance that manifests itself in the exchange value of commodities, whenever they are exchanged, is their value. The progress of our investigation will show that exchange value is the only form in which the value of commodities can manifest itself or be expressed. For the present, however, we have to consider the nature of value independently of this, its form. A use value, or useful article, therefore, has value only because human labour in the abstract has been embodied or materialised in it. How, then, is the magnitude of this value to be measured? Plainly, by the quantity of the value-creating substance, the labour, contained in the article. The quantity of labour, however, is measured by its duration, and labour time in its turn finds its standard in weeks, days, and hours. Some people might think that if the value of a commodity is determined by the quantity of labour spent on it, the more idle and unskilful the labourer, the more valuable would his commodity be, because more time would be required in its production. The labour, however, that forms the substance of value, is homogeneous human labour, expenditure of one uniform labour power. The total labour power of society, which is embodied in the sum total of the values of all commodities produced by that society, counts here as one homogeneous mass of human labour power, composed though it be of innumerable individual units. Each of these units is the same as any other, so far as it has the character of the average labour power of society, and takes effect as such; that is, so far as it requires for producing a commodity, no more time than is needed on an average, no more than is socially necessary. The labour time socially necessary is that required to produce an article under the normal conditions of production, and with the average degree of skill and intensity prevalent at the time. The introduction of power-looms into England probably reduced by one-half the labour required to weave a given quantity of yarn into cloth. The hand-loom weavers, as a matter of fact, continued to require the same time as before; but for all that, the product of one hour of their labour represented after the change only half an hour’s social labour, and consequently fell to one-half its former value. We see then that that which determines the magnitude of the value of any article is the amount of labour socially necessary, or the labour time socially necessary for its production.[9] Each individual commodity, in this connexion, is to be considered as an average sample of its class.[10] Commodities, therefore, in which equal quantities of labour are embodied, or which can be produced in the same time, have the same value. The value of one commodity is to the value of any other, as the labour time necessary for the production of the one is to that necessary for the production of the other. “As values, all commodities are only definite masses of congealed labour time.”[11] The value of a commodity would therefore remain constant, if the labour time required for its production also remained constant. But the latter changes with every variation in the productiveness of labour. This productiveness is determined by various circumstances, amongst others, by the average amount of skill of the workmen, the state of science, and the degree of its practical application, the social organisation of production, the extent and capabilities of the means of production, and by physical conditions. For example, the same amount of labour in favourable seasons is embodied in 8 bushels of corn, and in unfavourable, only in four. The same labour extracts from rich mines more metal than from poor mines. Diamonds are of very rare occurrence on the earth’s surface, and hence their discovery costs, on an average, a great deal of labour time. Consequently much labour is represented in a small compass. Jacob doubts whether gold has ever been paid for at its full value. This applies still more to diamonds. According to Eschwege, the total produce of the Brazilian diamond mines for the eighty years, ending in 1823, had not realised the price of one-and-a-half years’ average produce of the sugar and coffee plantations of the same country, although the diamonds cost much more labour, and therefore represented more value. With richer mines, the same quantity of labour would embody itself in more diamonds, and their value would fall. If we could succeed at a small expenditure of labour, in converting carbon into diamonds, their value might fall below that of bricks. In general, the greater the productiveness of labour, the less is the labour time required for the production of an article, the less is the amount of labour crystallised in that article, and the less is its value; and vice versâ, the less the productiveness of labour, the greater is the labour time required for the production of an article, and the greater is its value. The value of a commodity, therefore, varies directly as the quantity, and inversely as the productiveness, of the labour incorporated in it. [A] A thing can be a use value, without having value. This is the case whenever its utility to man is not due to labour. Such are air, virgin soil, natural meadows, &c. A thing can be useful, and the product of human labour, without being a commodity. Whoever directly satisfies his wants with the produce of his own labour, creates, indeed, use values, but not commodities. In order to produce the latter, he must not only produce use values, but use values for others, social use values. (And not only for others, without more. The mediaeval peasant produced quit-rent-corn for his feudal lord and tithe-corn for his parson. But neither the quit-rent-corn nor the tithe-corn became commodities by reason of the fact that they had been produced for others. To become a commodity a product must be transferred to another, whom it will serve as a use value, by means of an exchange.)[12] Lastly nothing can have value, without being an object of utility. If the thing is useless, so is the labour contained in it; the labour does not count as labour, and therefore creates no value.<
https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ch01.htm#S1
https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1865/value-price-profit/<
Value, Price and Profit Speech by Marx to the First International Working Men's Association, June 1865 Source: Marx, Karl. Value, Price and Profit. New York: International Co., Inc, 1969; Written: between end of May and June 27, 1865; First published: 1898; Edited: by Eleanor Marx Aveling; HTML Mark-up: Mike Ballard, 1995; Proofed: and corrected by Brandon Poole, 2009. Introduction Preface by Edward Aveling Preliminary 1. Production and Wages 2. Production, Wages, Profits 3. Wages and Currency 4. Supply and Demand 5. Wages and Prices 6. Value and Labour 7. Labour Power 2 Drndnictinn of Cumnlin Talin Preface by Edward Aveling Preliminary 1. Production and Wages 2. Production, Wages, Profits 3. Wages and Currency 4. Supply and Demand 5. Wages and Prices 6. Value and Labour 7. Labour Power 8. Production of Surplus Value 9. Value of Labour 10. Profit is made by Selling a Commodity at its Value 11. The different Parts into which Surplus Value is Decomposed 12. The General Relation of Profits, Wages, and Prices 13. Main cases of Attempts at Raising Wages or Resisting their Fall 14. The Struggle between Capital and Labour, and its Results Study Guide | Notes by Marx Marx and Engels on Political Economy <
Preface by Edward Aveling Preliminary 1. Production and Wages 2. Production, Wages, Profits 3. Wages and Currency 4. Supply and Demand 5. Wages and Prices 6. Value and Labour 7. Labour Power 8. Production of Surplus Value 9. Value of Labour 10. Profit is made by Selling a Commodity at its Value 11. The different Parts into which Surplus Value is Decomposed 12. The General Relation of Profits, Wages, and Prices 13. Main cases of Attempts at Raising Wages or Resisting their Fall 14. The Struggle between Capital and Labour, and its Results Study Guide | Notes by Marx Marx and Engels on Political Economy<
Karl Marx's 1865 Value, Price and Profit explains that profit comes from unpaid labor time, creating an inverse relationship between wages and profit. A Revolutionary Co... +1 Core Concepts • Value: The amount of socially necessary labor time needed to make a commodity. • Wages: The cost of the worker's labor power, or what is required to keep the worker alive and working. • Profit: The surplus value left over after the capitalist pays for materials, equipment, and wages. W)Profit: The surplus value left over after the capitalist pays for materials, equipment, and wages. W Wikipedia +2 The Relationship • Inverse Proportion: When the value created by a worker is split, higher wages mean lower profit, and lower wages mean higher profit. • Prices: Prices are regulated by overall labor value, not just by arbitrary markups on wages. • Exploitation: Workers produce more value in a workday than what they receive in their paycheck, forming the basis of capitalist profit. - Marxists Internet ... +4 Would you like to explore how this relates to Karl Marx's theory of surplus value or → his debate with John Weston? Marxists Internet Archive Value, Price and Profit, Ask anything W Wikipedia +2 Ask anything 미 Q wages, price profit
American bankruptcy : slow and
deliberate form of default on national debt by inflation." - Sean Foo
<
Trump bankrupted his businesses , which is a way out of debt ; stealing from his creditors . Now he's doing bankruptcy out of American natiinal debt , stealing from creditors <
https://youtu.be/WvFCWACPfnY?si=rVguxq9DU73ZymRL
he sees this as Canada having an unfair 5:30 commercial advantage over the US. Then 5:33 in other words, Trump just confirmed 5:35 what we have all feared for a long time. 5:38 His grand plan is to deliberately weaken 5:41 the US dollar at all cost. Now there 5:43 have been too many clues pointing to 5:45 this over the past 18 months. Now Trump 5:47 needs a weaker dollar to prevent the USthis over the past 18 months. Now Trump 5:47 needs a weaker dollar to prevent the US 5:50 national debt from imploding under its 5:52 own weight. A weaker dollar allows the 5:55 government to effectively repay bond 5:57 holders with currency that is worth less 6:00 than what they lend. So it is a slow and 6:03 deliberate form of default by inflation. 6:06 Now he also needs a weaker dollar togovernment to effectively repay bond 5:57 holders with currency that is worth less 6:00 than what they lend. So it is a slow and 6:03 deliberate form of default by inflation. 6:06 Now he also needs a weaker dollar to 6:08 ensure the Al buildout does not suddenly 6:10 run out of financing. So the stakes here 6:13 are very very big. And a big shout out 6:16 to our sponsor today, Indigo Precious 6:18 Metals. When it comes to buying gold and
Trump bankrupted his businesses , which is a way out of debt ; stealing from his creditors . Now he's doing bankruptcy out of American natiinal debt , stealing from creditors <
https://youtu.be/WvFCWACPfnY?si=rVguxq9DU73ZymRL
he sees this as Canada having an unfair 5:30 commercial advantage over the US. Then 5:33 in other words, Trump just confirmed 5:35 what we have all feared for a long time. 5:38 His grand plan is to deliberately weaken 5:41 the US dollar at all cost. Now there 5:43 have been too many clues pointing to 5:45 this over the past 18 months. Now Trump 5:47 needs a weaker dollar to prevent the USthis over the past 18 months. Now Trump 5:47 needs a weaker dollar to prevent the US 5:50 national debt from imploding under its 5:52 own weight. A weaker dollar allows the 5:55 government to effectively repay bond 5:57 holders with currency that is worth less 6:00 than what they lend. So it is a slow and 6:03 deliberate form of default by inflation. 6:06 Now he also needs a weaker dollar togovernment to effectively repay bond 5:57 holders with currency that is worth less 6:00 than what they lend. So it is a slow and 6:03 deliberate form of default by inflation. 6:06 Now he also needs a weaker dollar to 6:08 ensure the Al buildout does not suddenly 6:10 run out of financing. So the stakes here 6:13 are very very big. And a big shout out 6:16 to our sponsor today, Indigo Precious 6:18 Metals. When it comes to buying gold and
Russia lost 27 million dead in WWWII and a destroyed economy : America lost 500,000 dead , and economy untouched.
<
Further back in history the Western imperial army of Napoleon invaded Russia <
Americans can't understand Russian attitude of revulsion and anger and outrage at wars invading Russia . <
https://youtube.com/shorts/jKJjryQ4Knw?si=lo8nchIESTj-raBM
http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2022/04/someone-said-though-i-believe-in.html <
Further back in history the Western imperial army of Napoleon invaded Russia <
Americans can't understand Russian attitude of revulsion and anger and outrage at wars invading Russia . <
https://youtube.com/shorts/jKJjryQ4Knw?si=lo8nchIESTj-raBM
http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2022/04/someone-said-though-i-believe-in.html <
Multipolarity vs US-led unipolarity >
<
Increasingly, what we're seeing in the world is a conflict between multilateralism and peace and stability on one side, represented by China, and chaos and war and conflict and unilateralism and imperialism on the other side embodied in the United States. And this is becoming increasingly obvious to people all around the world, which is why US corporate media outlets have been pushing their propaganda into hyperdrive. Media propaganda on "Chinamaxxing"They are Anti-China Demagogy MAXXING We are being bombarded with antiChina demagogy <
<
https://youtu.be/uYgRMgKtup0?si=ngMHPiuJ_5rmdI05
Increasingly, what we're seeing in the world is a conflict between multilateralism and peace and stability on one side, represented by China, and chaos and war and conflict and unilateralism and imperialism on the other side embodied in the United States. And this is becoming increasingly obvious to people all around the world, which is why US corporate media outlets have been pushing their propaganda into hyperdrive. Media propaganda on "Chinamaxxing"They are Anti-China Demagogy MAXXING We are being bombarded with antiChina demagogy <
<
https://youtu.be/uYgRMgKtup0?si=ngMHPiuJ_5rmdI05
Richard Wolff: China Is Winning the Economic War With the US
<
<
https://youtu.be/pZXuyXdcRGk?si=WG7xZUnkerrSbGdK
Trump of America the predator nation projects on the rest of the World that it is the predator and America the victim . <
what Mr. Trump has done is carve out that we the United States, the hegeimon for the last 75 years were systematically abused in that role (!!) We were ripped off. Oh really It was rigged against us. We were taken advantage of by China, Iraq, Latin America etc. when we exploited their low wage labor ; oh really . Charles Brown : Trump is a wolf in sheep's clothing ; victimizer lying that it is a victim of its victims.<
And I, Mr. Trump am rising my fist and I'm going to show you that's going tostop. We are not going to be subordinated to anybody. It's our it he turns the situation upside down. He is the spokesperson for the rising up of an America which is not being a hegeimon in the sense of taking over anybody. It is instead we're not going to be ripped off. That's He does that with 1 Canada. He does it with everybody he can Canada. He does it with everybody he can think of to do that. That that is his going to claim it with the Mexicans when he goes down there. Um he's gonna look before he abducted Mr. Maduro. The major argument made was a a claim, an old claim of the Chevron Corporation and two or three other large global oil companies because many years ago under Hugo Chavez, certain of their propertiesThe major argument made was a a claim, an old claim of the Chevron Corporation and two or three other large global oil companies because many years ago under Hugo Chavez, certain of their properties in Venezuela were seized by the government and uh nationalized and they made claims about that. They wanted restitution. They wanted to be paid for what had beenHugo Chavez, certain of their properties in Venezuela were seized by the government and uh nationalized and they made claims about that. They wanted restitution. They wanted to be paid for what had been taken. The whole thrust over in the UN in public relate that was about correcting a terrible injusticeabout correcting a terrible injustice done to the United States by the Venezuelans who took our property was very important for the admin for the Trump administration to frame the activity in that way. My guess is they're going to do that with Mexico and they're going to do it with Cuba and and it because it11:45 be taken advantage of. We're not going to allow these crooked drug dealers to move in those boats in the Caribbean. We 1 are going to smite them. You know, 11:58 almost biblical in its in its angry. 12:01 It's it's like we it's the Old 12:03 Testament. We are going to prevent the 12:06 world and and that's how you rewrite the 12:10 script instead of the world pulling away 12:14 finally from its global hegemony 12:18 dominated by the US in a hundred waysscript instead of the world pulling away 12:14 finally from its global hegemony 12:18 dominated by the US in a hundred ways 12:22 freeing themselves. If you go to a BRICS 12:25 conference, that's all you hear. We're 12:28 freeing ourselves from the global 12:31 dominance of the West. 12:34 But if you come here, you have it 12:36 exactly on on upside down. It's the 12:39 United States freeing itself from theabuse over the last decades. By the way, 12:48 abuse by Europeans, abu. Everybody's 12:51 abusing everybody. 12:54 To to hear this, Mr. Trump had to. And 12:57 he did. He didn't shy away. He had to 13:00 portray his predecessors, 13:04 both Democrat and Republican, 13:06 as pushovers, as 13:10 uh without courage, without strength.as pushovers, as 13:10 uh without courage, without strength. 13:14 They allowed 13:16 us to be ripped off. You know, it it is 13:20 very important that that Europeans 13:22 understand that. And and that's all the 13:25 way up. That's how these people actually 13:28 think. 13:30 Everybody before them was stupid or 13:33 gullible. 13:34 They aren't. They aren't stupid and
<
https://youtu.be/pZXuyXdcRGk?si=WG7xZUnkerrSbGdK
Trump of America the predator nation projects on the rest of the World that it is the predator and America the victim . <
what Mr. Trump has done is carve out that we the United States, the hegeimon for the last 75 years were systematically abused in that role (!!) We were ripped off. Oh really It was rigged against us. We were taken advantage of by China, Iraq, Latin America etc. when we exploited their low wage labor ; oh really . Charles Brown : Trump is a wolf in sheep's clothing ; victimizer lying that it is a victim of its victims.<
And I, Mr. Trump am rising my fist and I'm going to show you that's going tostop. We are not going to be subordinated to anybody. It's our it he turns the situation upside down. He is the spokesperson for the rising up of an America which is not being a hegeimon in the sense of taking over anybody. It is instead we're not going to be ripped off. That's He does that with 1 Canada. He does it with everybody he can Canada. He does it with everybody he can think of to do that. That that is his going to claim it with the Mexicans when he goes down there. Um he's gonna look before he abducted Mr. Maduro. The major argument made was a a claim, an old claim of the Chevron Corporation and two or three other large global oil companies because many years ago under Hugo Chavez, certain of their propertiesThe major argument made was a a claim, an old claim of the Chevron Corporation and two or three other large global oil companies because many years ago under Hugo Chavez, certain of their properties in Venezuela were seized by the government and uh nationalized and they made claims about that. They wanted restitution. They wanted to be paid for what had beenHugo Chavez, certain of their properties in Venezuela were seized by the government and uh nationalized and they made claims about that. They wanted restitution. They wanted to be paid for what had been taken. The whole thrust over in the UN in public relate that was about correcting a terrible injusticeabout correcting a terrible injustice done to the United States by the Venezuelans who took our property was very important for the admin for the Trump administration to frame the activity in that way. My guess is they're going to do that with Mexico and they're going to do it with Cuba and and it because it11:45 be taken advantage of. We're not going to allow these crooked drug dealers to move in those boats in the Caribbean. We 1 are going to smite them. You know, 11:58 almost biblical in its in its angry. 12:01 It's it's like we it's the Old 12:03 Testament. We are going to prevent the 12:06 world and and that's how you rewrite the 12:10 script instead of the world pulling away 12:14 finally from its global hegemony 12:18 dominated by the US in a hundred waysscript instead of the world pulling away 12:14 finally from its global hegemony 12:18 dominated by the US in a hundred ways 12:22 freeing themselves. If you go to a BRICS 12:25 conference, that's all you hear. We're 12:28 freeing ourselves from the global 12:31 dominance of the West. 12:34 But if you come here, you have it 12:36 exactly on on upside down. It's the 12:39 United States freeing itself from theabuse over the last decades. By the way, 12:48 abuse by Europeans, abu. Everybody's 12:51 abusing everybody. 12:54 To to hear this, Mr. Trump had to. And 12:57 he did. He didn't shy away. He had to 13:00 portray his predecessors, 13:04 both Democrat and Republican, 13:06 as pushovers, as 13:10 uh without courage, without strength.as pushovers, as 13:10 uh without courage, without strength. 13:14 They allowed 13:16 us to be ripped off. You know, it it is 13:20 very important that that Europeans 13:22 understand that. And and that's all the 13:25 way up. That's how these people actually 13:28 think. 13:30 Everybody before them was stupid or 13:33 gullible. 13:34 They aren't. They aren't stupid and
Sunday, September 6, 2026
BRICS vs G7: BRICS Overtakes G7 in Economic Output
BRICS vs G7: BRICS Overtakes G7 in Economic Output | <
366,476 Views Sep3 2026 dp<
According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the expanded BRICS bloc has officially dethroned the G7 in the ultimate measure of economic power: Purchasing Power Parity. While Western economies crawl at an anaemic 1% annual According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the expanded BRICS bloc has officially dethroned the G7 in the ultimate measure of economic power: Purchasing Power Parity. While Western economies crawl at an anaemic 1% annual growth, BRICS is charging ahead at over 4%, commanding roughly 40% of global GDP and half the world's population. Watch this report to find out just how this tectonic shift is transforming global trade and energy. 00:00 BRICS Dethrones the G7 00:43 The Economic Facts: BRICS vs G7 02:17 Alternative Finance and the NDB 03:15 Global Interest: 30 Nations Queue for Entry 03:55 India's Presidency and the Path to De-dollarisation BRICS | BRICS Vs G7 | BRICS Overtakes G7 | BRICS <
https://youtu.be/h6P0e4U7hlg?si=GDiWYUl-KT8qvFSN
366,476 Views Sep3 2026 dp<
According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the expanded BRICS bloc has officially dethroned the G7 in the ultimate measure of economic power: Purchasing Power Parity. While Western economies crawl at an anaemic 1% annual According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the expanded BRICS bloc has officially dethroned the G7 in the ultimate measure of economic power: Purchasing Power Parity. While Western economies crawl at an anaemic 1% annual growth, BRICS is charging ahead at over 4%, commanding roughly 40% of global GDP and half the world's population. Watch this report to find out just how this tectonic shift is transforming global trade and energy. 00:00 BRICS Dethrones the G7 00:43 The Economic Facts: BRICS vs G7 02:17 Alternative Finance and the NDB 03:15 Global Interest: 30 Nations Queue for Entry 03:55 India's Presidency and the Path to De-dollarisation BRICS | BRICS Vs G7 | BRICS Overtakes G7 | BRICS <
https://youtu.be/h6P0e4U7hlg?si=GDiWYUl-KT8qvFSN
In governing the world
Xi Jinping : "alignment, dialogue rather than
8:57
confrontation,
8:58
and promote extensive consultation,
9:02
joint contribution and shared benefits.
9:05
We should work to ensure that all
9:07
countries participate equally in global
9:10
governance
9:13
and that its benefits are universally
9:15
shared. Dear colleagues, in governing
9:18
the world, moving forward is the only
9:21
way to avoid falling behind. The member
9:24
states and partners of the SCO should
9:27
all seize the trend of history and
9:30
shoulder the responsibilities of our
One of my brother Phil's great virtues is his modesty . I see it especially from Dad to Pedro, but Mom, too. Mom's was a bit lack of self-confidence. Dad had to be very self -confident to function as a lawyer at that upper level. But he disciplined himself to understate . I believe Phillip Shelton is Charles Shelton's truest son in this good character trait , which admire more than I've ever been able to tell Philadelphia Phil ironically because his modesty reflect won't let him receive compliments as much as he should . Like Mother Betty he is virtuous to a fault ; she was honest to a fault; PSB is modest to a fault .
The modest is part of another virtue our parents taught us; we are not better than anybody else essentially; we are all equal humans .
From 2009
From: PHILLIP BROWN
Date: April 6, 2021 at 12:07:24 PM EDT
To: Beverly Brown , Charles Brown
Subject: Fw: Remembering Chuck
Notice, I have the dates wrong in this 2009 email.
----- Forwarded Message -----
From: PHILLIP BROWN
To: "bettdede@att.net"
Sent: Tuesday, April 14, 2009, 09:32:35 PM EDT
Subject: Re: Remembering Chuck
yep.
--- On Mon, 4/13/09, Cordelia Brown wrote:
From: Cordelia Brown
Subject: Re: Remembering Chuck
To: psb2@prodigy.net
Date: Monday, April 13, 2009, 11:09 PM
Beautiful, Phil dear. Typically, I laughed out loud. You forgot to mention how expensive it was, but then
we were paying for a good time. Can you print it out for me please?
From: PHILLIP BROWN
To: Beverly E. Brown ; Charles DeHaven Brown ; Cordelia Brown
Sent: Monday, April 13, 2009 12:14:53 PM
Subject: Remembering Chuck
Dear Bett, Bing and Bev:
Easter Sunday was a good day this year. It was simple but pleasant. The Sun shined brightly, though the air was cool, almost cold. I went to Church this Easter for the first time in many, many years. I think I was trained by Bett and Chuck not to go to Church on Easter Sunday because so many people (like us) who hardly ever went to church, would show up on Easter, all dressed up. like somehow that would make up for all the missed days.
But this year, I think I've only missed one Sunday (not because I'm becoming more religious. I'm just concerned about the financial problems of Christ Church, so I'm trying to get there each week to give them a check. I don't want the Church where Chuck's ashes are stored to go bankrupt and close). so I went. The service was nice.
Bett, Bing and I went to dinner at a restaurant on the River. We were the only customers! The way the staff looked at us with such surprise, we may have been the only ones for the whole day!
The dinner was a typical Brown family gathering. We had a good time; mostly talking and joking about how bad the food was. Bing hated the corn chowder soup, Bett hated her mashed potatoes, and requested a replacement baked potatoe, and I thought I detected mold on one of the rolls. But I ate it anyway, because Bett assured me that it wasn't mold.
Of course, we argued about different things, including whether Obama is selling us out. Also, we couldn't agree on whether Uncle Russ had been transferred to U of M Hospital from Henry Ford Hospital just before he died in 1989.
Bev, you would have loved it. I told Bett that you had the capability to do a live webcam from Jersey, but I don't think she understands what that means. It would have been really neat if we had hooked up the lap top right there during the dinner, so that you could share in the fun! And even though no technology currently exists to webcam with the departed, I know Chuck would have enjoyed the dinner, and he would have had plenty of one liners that would have kept us all laughing.
Every day, my memory seems to show another sign of deterioration. I had it fixed in my mind that Dad died on April 13, 2004. When in fact he died in the early hours of Saturday April 12, 2004, the morning after Good Friday that year. None of us mentioned that this April 12 was the 5th Anniverary of Dad's passing.
Maybe it's a good thing that the actual date of Dad's death is fuzzy for me. Afterall, when I think of Chuck, I really don't think about his last days. I think about all those good days before; especially holidays like Easter when we would gather together. In our adult years, we didn't go to church, but we would gather together and eat a good meal and laugh a lot.
Ours is a special, unique, sometimes strange; but very loving family. We all love each other very much, even when we all cannot be together. Easter Sunday was a good day this year.
Natural soul
<
Yes religion is in a material and biological sub-stratum, the brain. It is not reporting on a super-natural realm. There is no supernatural soul. Soul and religion , language and culture are messages from dead generations . Other species do not have this ability for dead generations to leave behind so much information about their experiences while they were alive to future unborn generations. That's "spirit" , material spirit, natural soul. We have here messages from Marx to inform our lives even though he is dead.
Are you sure? The older I get, the less I'm sure on these things. I will put it like this. When my dad died, some days I think I'll see him again, and some days he's just buried in a little township cemetary up north. I still talk to him at times, though. No discernable answer as yet on his side. <
To put a legal frame on it, All the evidence from experience in my life makes me sure beyond a reasonable doubt , which is not beyond any doubt, such that I hold a presumption that it is true, Janet Roe Hershberger. I put the burden of proof on those who say there is a supernatural to rebut the presumption. So, I'm gonna live it up, because I presume this is it.
Gotcha. <
Eat, drink and be Merry , for tomorrow we die !
Hope not, but agree for the most part. Today is really all we have.
Yes religion is in a material and biological sub-stratum, the brain. It is not reporting on a super-natural realm. There is no supernatural soul. Soul and religion , language and culture are messages from dead generations . Other species do not have this ability for dead generations to leave behind so much information about their experiences while they were alive to future unborn generations. That's "spirit" , material spirit, natural soul. We have here messages from Marx to inform our lives even though he is dead.
Are you sure? The older I get, the less I'm sure on these things. I will put it like this. When my dad died, some days I think I'll see him again, and some days he's just buried in a little township cemetary up north. I still talk to him at times, though. No discernable answer as yet on his side. <
To put a legal frame on it, All the evidence from experience in my life makes me sure beyond a reasonable doubt , which is not beyond any doubt, such that I hold a presumption that it is true, Janet Roe Hershberger. I put the burden of proof on those who say there is a supernatural to rebut the presumption. So, I'm gonna live it up, because I presume this is it.
Gotcha. <
Eat, drink and be Merry , for tomorrow we die !
Hope not, but agree for the most part. Today is really all we have.
Partial resume of my father:
<
this is a draft of a new resume: Charles Shelton Brown Born: Atlanta, Georgia April 23, 1921 Education: Public Schools, Cleveland, Ohio and Denver, Colorado University of Denver, Lincoln University, of Missouri-B.A. Degree (1943) Major Political Science Army Specialized Training-Basic Engineering(1943-44 Howard University Law School(1947-8); University of Wisconsin Law School, J.D. Degree (1950) Experience: Attorney Advisor-Office of General Counsel, Office Price Stabilization, Washington, D.C. 1951-53, Pre Audit Section and Post Audit Section, Interpretation Division, Grade GS-11. Associated in general practice with Harold E. Bledsoe, Hobart Taylor Jr, Wade H. McCree Jr, Geralding Bledsoe Ford, Detroit, Michigan. Assistant to U.S. Representative John D. Dingell, 15th Congressional District. Administrative Assistant, Honorable G. Mennen Williams, Governor of Michigan, Lansing, Michigan, policy advisor on Agriculture, Labor, Welfare, Conservation, Tourism, Migrant Labor, and Civil Rights. 1057-60 Member, Michigan Employment Security Appeal Board 1960- Detroit Street Railways (DSR) City of Detroit. (1963) Trial and Labor Relations Counsel. Founder and Executive Director, Wayne County Suburban Legal Services (1966), merged with Detroit Legal Services to form Wayne County Legal Services 1968 Executive Director Inner City Business Improvement Forum (ICBIF) minority economic Development (Detroit, Michiive, vide P-Bident One America, Ino, Washington Executive D.C. Minority Business Consulting firm. (1971) Consultant, Community Relations Office, Department of, U.S. Department of Justice. General Practice, local, state and federal courts, federal appellate courts, civil and
this is a draft of a new resume: Charles Shelton Brown Born: Atlanta, Georgia April 23, 1921 Education: Public Schools, Cleveland, Ohio and Denver, Colorado University of Denver, Lincoln University, of Missouri-B.A. Degree (1943) Major Political Science Army Specialized Training-Basic Engineering(1943-44 Howard University Law School(1947-8); University of Wisconsin Law School, J.D. Degree (1950) Experience: Attorney Advisor-Office of General Counsel, Office Price Stabilization, Washington, D.C. 1951-53, Pre Audit Section and Post Audit Section, Interpretation Division, Grade GS-11. Associated in general practice with Harold E. Bledsoe, Hobart Taylor Jr, Wade H. McCree Jr, Geralding Bledsoe Ford, Detroit, Michigan. Assistant to U.S. Representative John D. Dingell, 15th Congressional District. Administrative Assistant, Honorable G. Mennen Williams, Governor of Michigan, Lansing, Michigan, policy advisor on Agriculture, Labor, Welfare, Conservation, Tourism, Migrant Labor, and Civil Rights. 1057-60 Member, Michigan Employment Security Appeal Board 1960- Detroit Street Railways (DSR) City of Detroit. (1963) Trial and Labor Relations Counsel. Founder and Executive Director, Wayne County Suburban Legal Services (1966), merged with Detroit Legal Services to form Wayne County Legal Services 1968 Executive Director Inner City Business Improvement Forum (ICBIF) minority economic Development (Detroit, Michiive, vide P-Bident One America, Ino, Washington Executive D.C. Minority Business Consulting firm. (1971) Consultant, Community Relations Office, Department of, U.S. Department of Justice. General Practice, local, state and federal courts, federal appellate courts, civil and
Full text: Keynote speech by Chinese President Xi Jinping at opening ceremony of 2026 World AI Conference
Xinhua | July 18, 2026
Chinese President Xi Jinping delivers a keynote speech at the opening ceremony of the 2026 World AI Conference and High-Level Meeting on Global AI Governance in Shanghai, east China, July 17, 2026. (Xinhua/Huang Jingwen)
Chinese President Xi Jinping delivered a keynote speech at the opening ceremony of the 2026 World AI Conference and High-Level Meeting on Global AI Governance held on Friday.<
The following is the full text of the address:
Joining Hands to Build a Just and Equitable System For Global AI Governance
Keynote Address by H.E. Xi Jinping
President of the People's Republic of China
At the Opening Ceremony of the 2026 World AI Conference and High-Level Meeting on Global AI Governance
Shanghai, July 17, 2026
Distinguished Colleagues and Guests,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Friends,
Seventy years ago, a group of young scholars proposed the concept of artificial intelligence (AI) for the first time at the Dartmouth Workshop in New Hampshire of the United States. In the subsequent 70 years, AI scientists and researchers from around the world ventured into this unknown territory, forged ahead through twists and turns, and made breakthroughs with persistent hard work. Seven decades later today, amid the new wave of AI development, we are gathering by the Huangpu River to discuss how to promote AI globally for the positive, for good and for humanity. All this makes our meeting highly important. On behalf of the Chinese government and people, I would like to extend a warm welcome to you all.
In the course of history, the invention of the steam engine heralded the industrial civilization, the widespread access to electricity brightened up modern society, and the birth of the Internet brought the entire world together. Each of these technological revolutions has profoundly reshaped our way of work and life, and enabled a giant leap in economic and social development.
! Today, major changes unseen in a century are accelerating across the world. The new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation is advancing at a faster pace, and the world has entered an unprecedented period of active innovation on AI technologies. Intelligent connectivity, human-machine collaboration, cross-sector integration, joint creation and sharing, and other intelligent technologies are unleashing enormous power. All this carries within it great opportunities as well as challenges to governance. We human beings must answer the questions posed by our times: How to get along with thinking machines? How to ensure security when algorithm is part of decision making? How to tackle ethical challenges by technologies through adaptive governance? How to realize AI for all when the divide keeps widening? These questions demand serious consideration and real answers from the whole international community.
In China's view, all countries should take a people-centered approach and develop AI for the positive and for good. We should ensure that AI is an important driver for shared prosperity and common security. We should join hands to build a just and equitable system for global AI governance. To this end, I wish to share four observations.
First, we should adhere to the principle of openness and win-win and boost innovation-driven development. As a new engine of world economic growth and an accelerator for the shift of growth drivers, AI is moving from the digital world into the physical world. We should seize this rare, historic opportunity to encourage open source, openness, collaboration and sharing. We should facilitate technological innovation, industrial development and scenario-based application of AI. We should make coordinated advances in the transformation and upgrade of traditional industries, the cultivation and growth of emerging industries and forward-looking planning for future industries, so that all sectors and businesses can benefit from <
Second, we should strengthen risk-awareness and ensure that AI is secure and controllable. AI should be a trusted tool for humanity. We should take seriously the various types of inherent and secondary risks that AI may trigger. We should put in place laws and regulations, technological monitoring, early warning and emergency response systems in order to strengthen the line of security, prevent abuses and malicious use, and ensure that AI is always under human control. In the meantime, we should jointly oppose overstretching the national security concept in the field of AI and placing one country's security over that of others. <
Third, we should encourage inclusiveness and promote mutual learning between civilizations. AI development and its application should not erode or undermine the diversity of world civilizations or the uniqueness of cultures of different countries. We must shape the values of AI with humanity's common values, and make good use of AI technologies to increase understanding, tolerance, exchanges, and sharing among all civilizations. We should tend to the garden of civilizations with great care to ensure that the beauty of each civilization is appreciated and shared. <
Fourth, we should advocate solidarity and improve global governance. AI is an invaluable asset that encapsulates humanity's collective wisdom. We should practice true multilateralism and recognize the important role of the United Nations. We should enhance alignment and coordination on AI development strategies, governance rules and technical standards, so as to form a consensus-based global governance framework at an early date to make this frontier technology better benefit humanity. We must carry out extensive international cooperation and help Global South countries with capacity building to bridge the AI and digital divides, promote sustainable development, and prevent creating new historical injustice in AI. <
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Friends,
This year marks the start of China's 15th Five-Year Plan. It maps out China's economic and social development for the next five years and provides immense opportunities for the international community. In recent years, China has embraced AI with open arms. We have promoted interplay between an efficient market and a well-functioning government, strengthened AI innovation, actively advanced the AI Plus Initiative, and built a healthy ecosystem for all entities to thrive in together. The core smart economy industries are worth at least RMB 1 trillion yuan. Smart devices in countless homes truly improve people's livelihood. Intelligent Manufacturing in China has become another shining hallmark of Chinese modernization.
At the same time, China lays great emphasis on safety and security in AI development. With a deep understanding of the trends and logic of AI development, we are continuously improving laws, regulations, policies, mechanisms, application norms, as well as ethical principles to make sure that AI is safe, secure and controllable, and that this fine steed of AI gallops with both speed and stability.
As a responsible major country, China is always committed to providing international public goods relating to AI. Since I proposed the Global AI Governance Initiative, China has promoted the adoption of the U.N. General Assembly Resolution on Enhancing International Cooperation on Capacity-Building of Artificial Intelligence by consensus, published the AI Capacity-Building Action Plan for Good and for All, announced the AI Plus International Cooperation Initiative, and advocated for establishing the World Artificial Intelligence Cooperation Organization (WAICO). China has been contributing steadily to the global AI governance.
We often say in China, "A single string cannot make music, and a single tree does not make a forest." AI development should not be a solo performance by a single country, but a symphony of international cooperation. Thanks to our joint efforts, WAICO has come into being in Shanghai. Our vision from one year ago is now a reality. This is a major move by China to answer the call of the Global South and unite the international community together to promote vigorously AI development and governance. It will be an important milestone in the history of AI development.
To further support global AI development and advance global AI capacity building, I hereby announce that in the next five years, China will provide developing countries with 5,000 opportunities in AI training and seminar programs; develop international AI application cooperation centers with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the League of Arab States, the African Union, the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, and BRICS; and enable 30 countries to use the AI-powered meteorological warning system, or MAZU, to safeguard homes around the world.
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Friends,
As ancient Chinese observed, "A man of wisdom adapts to changes; a man of knowledge acts by circumstances." With AI advancing at a staggering speed, we must ensure its development is for the positive, for good and for humanity. We must make its oversight and governance precise and effective, and constantly refine measures to forestall loss of control. We should always guide AI development with human wisdom and international consensus, so that AI can truly become a mighty force that increases the well-being of humanity and advances human civilization.
China is ready to be more open, take more practical actions, and assume a more visionary perspective. We are ready to work with all parties to seize the opportunities of AI development and meet the challenges, and join hands to create a brighter future for humanity.
Thank you! ■AI.
Chinese President Xi Jinping delivers a keynote speech at the opening ceremony of the 2026 World AI Conference and High-Level Meeting on Global AI Governance in Shanghai, east China, July 17, 2026. (Xinhua/Huang Jingwen)
Chinese President Xi Jinping delivered a keynote speech at the opening ceremony of the 2026 World AI Conference and High-Level Meeting on Global AI Governance held on Friday.<
The following is the full text of the address:
Joining Hands to Build a Just and Equitable System For Global AI Governance
Keynote Address by H.E. Xi Jinping
President of the People's Republic of China
At the Opening Ceremony of the 2026 World AI Conference and High-Level Meeting on Global AI Governance
Shanghai, July 17, 2026
Distinguished Colleagues and Guests,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Friends,
Seventy years ago, a group of young scholars proposed the concept of artificial intelligence (AI) for the first time at the Dartmouth Workshop in New Hampshire of the United States. In the subsequent 70 years, AI scientists and researchers from around the world ventured into this unknown territory, forged ahead through twists and turns, and made breakthroughs with persistent hard work. Seven decades later today, amid the new wave of AI development, we are gathering by the Huangpu River to discuss how to promote AI globally for the positive, for good and for humanity. All this makes our meeting highly important. On behalf of the Chinese government and people, I would like to extend a warm welcome to you all.
In the course of history, the invention of the steam engine heralded the industrial civilization, the widespread access to electricity brightened up modern society, and the birth of the Internet brought the entire world together. Each of these technological revolutions has profoundly reshaped our way of work and life, and enabled a giant leap in economic and social development.
! Today, major changes unseen in a century are accelerating across the world. The new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation is advancing at a faster pace, and the world has entered an unprecedented period of active innovation on AI technologies. Intelligent connectivity, human-machine collaboration, cross-sector integration, joint creation and sharing, and other intelligent technologies are unleashing enormous power. All this carries within it great opportunities as well as challenges to governance. We human beings must answer the questions posed by our times: How to get along with thinking machines? How to ensure security when algorithm is part of decision making? How to tackle ethical challenges by technologies through adaptive governance? How to realize AI for all when the divide keeps widening? These questions demand serious consideration and real answers from the whole international community.
In China's view, all countries should take a people-centered approach and develop AI for the positive and for good. We should ensure that AI is an important driver for shared prosperity and common security. We should join hands to build a just and equitable system for global AI governance. To this end, I wish to share four observations.
First, we should adhere to the principle of openness and win-win and boost innovation-driven development. As a new engine of world economic growth and an accelerator for the shift of growth drivers, AI is moving from the digital world into the physical world. We should seize this rare, historic opportunity to encourage open source, openness, collaboration and sharing. We should facilitate technological innovation, industrial development and scenario-based application of AI. We should make coordinated advances in the transformation and upgrade of traditional industries, the cultivation and growth of emerging industries and forward-looking planning for future industries, so that all sectors and businesses can benefit from <
Second, we should strengthen risk-awareness and ensure that AI is secure and controllable. AI should be a trusted tool for humanity. We should take seriously the various types of inherent and secondary risks that AI may trigger. We should put in place laws and regulations, technological monitoring, early warning and emergency response systems in order to strengthen the line of security, prevent abuses and malicious use, and ensure that AI is always under human control. In the meantime, we should jointly oppose overstretching the national security concept in the field of AI and placing one country's security over that of others. <
Third, we should encourage inclusiveness and promote mutual learning between civilizations. AI development and its application should not erode or undermine the diversity of world civilizations or the uniqueness of cultures of different countries. We must shape the values of AI with humanity's common values, and make good use of AI technologies to increase understanding, tolerance, exchanges, and sharing among all civilizations. We should tend to the garden of civilizations with great care to ensure that the beauty of each civilization is appreciated and shared. <
Fourth, we should advocate solidarity and improve global governance. AI is an invaluable asset that encapsulates humanity's collective wisdom. We should practice true multilateralism and recognize the important role of the United Nations. We should enhance alignment and coordination on AI development strategies, governance rules and technical standards, so as to form a consensus-based global governance framework at an early date to make this frontier technology better benefit humanity. We must carry out extensive international cooperation and help Global South countries with capacity building to bridge the AI and digital divides, promote sustainable development, and prevent creating new historical injustice in AI. <
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Friends,
This year marks the start of China's 15th Five-Year Plan. It maps out China's economic and social development for the next five years and provides immense opportunities for the international community. In recent years, China has embraced AI with open arms. We have promoted interplay between an efficient market and a well-functioning government, strengthened AI innovation, actively advanced the AI Plus Initiative, and built a healthy ecosystem for all entities to thrive in together. The core smart economy industries are worth at least RMB 1 trillion yuan. Smart devices in countless homes truly improve people's livelihood. Intelligent Manufacturing in China has become another shining hallmark of Chinese modernization.
At the same time, China lays great emphasis on safety and security in AI development. With a deep understanding of the trends and logic of AI development, we are continuously improving laws, regulations, policies, mechanisms, application norms, as well as ethical principles to make sure that AI is safe, secure and controllable, and that this fine steed of AI gallops with both speed and stability.
As a responsible major country, China is always committed to providing international public goods relating to AI. Since I proposed the Global AI Governance Initiative, China has promoted the adoption of the U.N. General Assembly Resolution on Enhancing International Cooperation on Capacity-Building of Artificial Intelligence by consensus, published the AI Capacity-Building Action Plan for Good and for All, announced the AI Plus International Cooperation Initiative, and advocated for establishing the World Artificial Intelligence Cooperation Organization (WAICO). China has been contributing steadily to the global AI governance.
We often say in China, "A single string cannot make music, and a single tree does not make a forest." AI development should not be a solo performance by a single country, but a symphony of international cooperation. Thanks to our joint efforts, WAICO has come into being in Shanghai. Our vision from one year ago is now a reality. This is a major move by China to answer the call of the Global South and unite the international community together to promote vigorously AI development and governance. It will be an important milestone in the history of AI development.
To further support global AI development and advance global AI capacity building, I hereby announce that in the next five years, China will provide developing countries with 5,000 opportunities in AI training and seminar programs; develop international AI application cooperation centers with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the League of Arab States, the African Union, the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, and BRICS; and enable 30 countries to use the AI-powered meteorological warning system, or MAZU, to safeguard homes around the world.
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Friends,
As ancient Chinese observed, "A man of wisdom adapts to changes; a man of knowledge acts by circumstances." With AI advancing at a staggering speed, we must ensure its development is for the positive, for good and for humanity. We must make its oversight and governance precise and effective, and constantly refine measures to forestall loss of control. We should always guide AI development with human wisdom and international consensus, so that AI can truly become a mighty force that increases the well-being of humanity and advances human civilization.
China is ready to be more open, take more practical actions, and assume a more visionary perspective. We are ready to work with all parties to seize the opportunities of AI development and meet the challenges, and join hands to create a brighter future for humanity.
Thank you! ■AI.
The branching of trees is the ontogeny of the tree reiterating phylogeny. A basic way to graphically portray evolution and phylogenic descent of life is as a _Tree_ of Life. ( ontogeny means the physical biography of an individual plant or animal ). Famous biologist , Haekel once said " ontogeny reiterates phylogeny . " referring to the development of some animals in the womb going through forms like ancestral species; but I think Haekel was shown to be wrong on that by Stephen Jay Gould. Of course , there is also branching in our circulatory system and nervous system. Them human culture is based in kinship or Family _Trees_. Phylogeny /taxonomy is very fundamental in biology. It also portrays Darwin's lesser known philosophical concept that _ all life is related through common ancestor species_ ; people have heard of natural selection , but fewer have heard of this full implication of descent with modification . The Tree of Life portrays both evolution and phylogeny ( relationships of species through closeness or distance from a common ancestor species); we think of a timeline running top to bottom of the Tree. In other words , trees almost talk to us, teach us Darwinism through their bodies . Tree body language is an abstract portrayal of natural history . The original humans "listen ed" to the trees and organized human society phylogenetically , living people basing their relationships to each other based on relationships to common , _dead_ ancestors. "Ontogeny" or biographies of the living generations reiterating "phylogeny" of dead generations of our species. This is natural, not religious, philosophy of Life, in several senses of Life. I ask my students the famous philo question "What is Life ? " with the suggestion that this is Life Science's answer.
Modern Natural science gets its paradigm of Natural LAWS from Jurisprudence , obviously
Modern Natural science gets its paradigm of Natural LAWS from Jurisprudence , obviously
<
https://youtube.com/shorts/dvLZ_tf8zTY?si=Y73JU3t51TZmOegJ
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Alliance of Sahel States’ Leaders
Ibrahim Traore <<
https://youtu.be/ro4jrlQexXw?si=sAp1guv5cU7kHrU6
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https://youtube.com/shorts/9CUOlSV10YQ?si=HALZ3T02-j9UhoAD<
https://youtu.be/77hhpYTnQow?si=x7A3TzMXltMJUKpB
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https://youtu.be/UDcX0PIiiMs?si=AsZbfgs8BejpYkcl<
https://youtu.be/bhKkOOQBY2Y?si=KzVym2phe9wGB5aE<
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https://youtube.com/shorts/k1AW8tahzHQ?si=a1efj3YjyYPeClsW
https://youtube.com/@traoreandthesahelreport?si=GkEoXJlLeWWPQLJ3<
https://youtu.be/ikHyYq_H64Q?si=qBrxEICTUrSRnvvw<
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https://youtube.com/shorts/et32dqYuQ8s?si=021Zqiz7MN8PHJNT<
https://youtu.be/IJ9vILYBPtA?si=JFsWiA4RKwzLZS3y<
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https://youtube.com/shorts/2m_gk-Spwxo?si=OLnaQEPtf7mx2M60<
General Tiani. President of Niger <
https://youtube.com/shorts/GPkIqptfcFQ?si=e2b_ePPMW4FVHVqF
https://youtu.be/PVwmBhYIQ8A?si=vzP9uOziRkZvVsPa<
<
proletarian internationalism Can Burkina's $2.8B ASEAN Deal Shift Global Food Power? <
https://youtu.be/9hBPZWAhXT0?si=GCLR78j_QQ4US_xZ
Sep6 2026 #IbrahimTraore #BurkinaFaso #africarising #brahimTraore #BurkinaFaso #africarising Ibrahim Traore and Burkina Faso are entering a new chapter as a reported $2.8 billion ASEAN food pact could reshape the country's agricultural future and global trade position. The agreement centers on expanding tropical food exports while strengthening technology, cold-chain infrastructure<
The TRUTH Behind Traoré's Massive Irrigation Network Stunning The Worldhttps://youtu.be/77hhpYTnQow?si=fM2g_wj89S0cYdUb <
https://youtu.be/ro4jrlQexXw?si=sAp1guv5cU7kHrU6
https://youtube.com/@unitedstatesofafricaonevoice?si=wjvNqkPVlopH68xH<
https://youtube.com/shorts/9CUOlSV10YQ?si=HALZ3T02-j9UhoAD<
https://youtu.be/77hhpYTnQow?si=x7A3TzMXltMJUKpB
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https://youtu.be/O6apf_unr8s?si=FkNDIyvuMK_FGAam<
https://youtu.be/UDcX0PIiiMs?si=AsZbfgs8BejpYkcl<
https://youtu.be/bhKkOOQBY2Y?si=KzVym2phe9wGB5aE<
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https://youtu.be/x9ZMiylHAE4?si=mw4k7foZSNG2Ez1q<
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https://youtu.be/ikHyYq_H64Q?si=qBrxEICTUrSRnvvw<
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https://youtu.be/IJ9vILYBPtA?si=JFsWiA4RKwzLZS3y<
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https://youtube.com/shorts/dvLZ_tf8zTY?si=Y73JU3t51TZmOegJ
https://youtube.com/shorts/2m_gk-Spwxo?si=OLnaQEPtf7mx2M60<
General Tiani. President of Niger <
https://youtube.com/shorts/GPkIqptfcFQ?si=e2b_ePPMW4FVHVqF
https://youtu.be/PVwmBhYIQ8A?si=vzP9uOziRkZvVsPa<
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proletarian internationalism Can Burkina's $2.8B ASEAN Deal Shift Global Food Power? <
https://youtu.be/9hBPZWAhXT0?si=GCLR78j_QQ4US_xZ
Sep6 2026 #IbrahimTraore #BurkinaFaso #africarising #brahimTraore #BurkinaFaso #africarising Ibrahim Traore and Burkina Faso are entering a new chapter as a reported $2.8 billion ASEAN food pact could reshape the country's agricultural future and global trade position. The agreement centers on expanding tropical food exports while strengthening technology, cold-chain infrastructure<
The TRUTH Behind Traoré's Massive Irrigation Network Stunning The Worldhttps://youtu.be/77hhpYTnQow?si=fM2g_wj89S0cYdUb <
September 2025
SEPTEMBER 2025 <
Gavin Newsom Says Republicans 'Buying Up Platforms' To Control Flow Of News And Information: 'They Are Censoring You In Real Time' Shomik Sen Bhattacharjee 12 hours ago California Gov. Gavin Newsom (D-Calif.) on Monday accused Republicans of "buying up platforms to control the news and information you receive," hours after President Donald Trump said tech and media moguls Larry Elli-
Gavin Newsom Says Republicans 'Buying Up Platforms' To Control Flow Of News And Information: 'They Are Censoring You In Real Time' Shomik Sen Bhattacharjee 12 hours ago California Gov. Gavin Newsom (D-Calif.) on Monday accused Republicans of "buying up platforms to control the news and information you receive," hours after President Donald Trump said tech and media moguls Larry Elli-
My mentor in anthropology, Marshall Sahlins , was in Paris in 1968 with Levi-Strauss ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Sahlins
From: Charles Brown
Date: August 23, 2023 at 5:17:08 PM EDT
To: gabriel.rockhill@villanova.edu<
Subject: My mentor in anthropology, Marshall Sahlins , was in Paris in 1968 with Levi-Strauss ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Sahlins;
https://news.uchicago.edu/story/marshall-d-sahlins-titan-anthropology-1930-2021)
foucault-copy-e1517605855684.jpg
Waiting for Foucault, still . https://bobson.ludost.net/books/n-a-202004/Sahlins_paradigm1.pdf
https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/lookupid?key=olbp54071
MarshallDSahlins1.jpg
https://youtu.be/O0S0jN1wb3Q?si=oOpQIsZT6ocrcTeP
maxresdefault.jpg
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/10/us/marshall-d-sahlins-dead.html
Subject: My mentor in anthropology, Marshall Sahlins , was in Paris in 1968 with Levi-Strauss ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Sahlins;
https://news.uchicago.edu/story/marshall-d-sahlins-titan-anthropology-1930-2021)
foucault-copy-e1517605855684.jpg
Waiting for Foucault, still . https://bobson.ludost.net/books/n-a-202004/Sahlins_paradigm1.pdf
https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/lookupid?key=olbp54071
MarshallDSahlins1.jpg
https://youtu.be/O0S0jN1wb3Q?si=oOpQIsZT6ocrcTeP
maxresdefault.jpg
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/10/us/marshall-d-sahlins-dead.html
Thread of messages ; 2009 https://www.mail-archive.com/marxism-thaxis@lists.econ.utah.edu/thrd15.html Messages by Thread
On Oct 9, 2025, at 6:55 AM, Charles Brown wrote:
From: Charles Brown
Date: June 9, 2022 at 1:07:26 PM EDT
To: marxism-thaxis@lists.riseup.net
Subject: Marxist-Thaxis Thread of messages ; 2009
https://www.mail-archive.com/marxism-thaxis@lists.econ.utah.edu/thrd15.html
Messages by Thread<
[Marxism-Thaxis] Babel's Charles Brown
[Marxism-Thaxis] Administration unveils financial system overhaulCharles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] IMPACT Union and the workers Paddy Hackett [Marxism-Thaxis] Why Oprah Deserves to Be Rich and the Wall Street moguls not Ralph Dumain [Marxism-Thaxis] sarkozy-under-pressure-as-millions-take-to-streets- Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Notes on an Orientation to the Obama PresidencyCharles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Read the big four to know capital ’s fate Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Man the hunted Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Babel's dawn Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Babel's dawn Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Babel's dawn note Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Fictitious capital and the transition out of capitalism - Loren Goldner Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Stirner, Feurbach, Marx and the Young Hegelians - David McLellan Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] FW: Fianna Fail's strategy Paddy Hackett [Marxism-Thaxis] The US Financial System is Effectively InsolventCharles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] As capitalism stares into the abyss, was Marx right all along? ( Yes) Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] What is the Crisis About? Fictitious Capital or the Destruction of Wealth? Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] rah, team fight - talkin' to American people about class Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] rah, rah team fight Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] rah, rah team fight Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] rah, rah team fight Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] rah, rah team fight Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Task and responsibility of communists Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Obama gets high marks in the latest NEWSWEEK poll, Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] A Backlash Against Obama's Budget ; which side are you on Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Obama opens up stem cell work, science inquiriesCharles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Obama’s Interview Aboard Air F orce One 3/8/09Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Demands advanced by communists are demands of the proletariat. Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] rural my poverty Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Are you really a champion of the poorest sectors of the Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Are you really a champion of the poorest sectors of the Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Which side are you on ? Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Which side are you on ? Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Are you really a champion of the poorest sectors of the Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Are you really a champion of the poorest sectors of the Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Obama says US may reach out to Taliban Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Obama says US may reach out to TalibanWaistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Obama says US may reach out to Taliban Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Obama says US may reach out to TalibanWaistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Obama says US may reach out to Taliban CeJ [Marxism-Thaxis] Irish deficit and Crises Paddy Hackett Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Obama says US may reach out to Taliban CeJ Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Obama says US may reach out to Taliban CeJ [Marxism-Thaxis] How Cash Starved States Can Create their Own Credit Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Are you really a champion of the poorest sectors of the ... Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Are you really a champion of the poorest sectors of the ... Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Are you really a champion of the poorest sectors of the ... Ralph Dumain Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Are you really a champion of the poorest sectors of the ... Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Are you really a champion of the poorest sectors of the ... Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Are you really a champion of the poorest sectors of the ... Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Are you really a champion of the poorest sectors of the working class ? Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] weather in Detroit Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] weather in Detroit Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] weather in Detroit Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Work Ethic 2.0: Attention Control Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] A History of International Women's Day: Happy Birthday Coming Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Cast aside illusions!” Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] BLS Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Obama Health Care Plan/Push: class intersectionWaistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Obama Health Care Plan/Push: class intersection Ralph Dumain Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Obama Health Care Plan/Push: class intersection Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Civil War:USNA . . . after the collapse Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Work Ethic Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Wither the car? Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] FOXP2 and the Evolution of Language Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Human language gene's origin not as recent as thought Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Economic Crisis and Ireland Paddy Hackett [Marxism-Thaxis] Finance Capitalism Hits a Wall Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] The Language of Looting Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Obama , getting money to the working class prontoCharles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Obama’s Politics of Change and US Policy on ChinaWaistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Capitalism, Socialism and Crisis Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Capitalism, Socialism and Crisis Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Capitalism, Socialism and Crisis Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Capitalism, Socialism and Crisis Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Capitalism, Socialism and Crisis Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Capitalism, Socialism and Crisis Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Capitalism, Socialism and Crisis Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Capitalism, Socialism and Crisis CeJ [Marxism-Thaxis] symbols edited from Marxism Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] symbols edited from Marxism Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] symbols edited from Marxism Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] [marxistphilosophy] Marx & religion & atheism refs in MIA farmela...@juno.com [Marxism-Thaxis] Obama: The brother from another planet Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 - correction Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Obama: The brother form another planet Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity 6/end Ralph Dumain [Marxism-Thaxis] James Petras' critique of the Communist ManifestoCharles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] John Bellamy Foster interview on the financial crisis Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Massacre of Chilean students in Florida panhandleCharles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Evgeny Pashukanis Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] The tiger we need to tame Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] The tiger we need to tame Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Lenin's discussion of monopoly and speculationCharles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity 6/end Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity 6/end Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity 6/end Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity 6/end Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: 6/end Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Number of Unemployed Tops 5 Million Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Definition of symbolic Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: 4Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: 4 Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: 6/end Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: 5 Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: 4 Ralph Dumain Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: 4 Ralph Dumain Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: 4 Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: 4 Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: 4 Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: 4 Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: 4 Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: 3B Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: 3A Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Putting The Social Back Into Language : Marx, Vološinov and Vygotsky reexamined Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: The elec... Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: The elec... Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: The elec... Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: The elec... Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: The election of Barack Obama 1 Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: The election of Barack Obama 1 Ralph Dumain [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: The election of Barack Obama 1 Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: The election of Barack Obama 1 Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: The election of Barack Obama 1 Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: The election of Barack Obama 1 Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Symbols as unique in human learning (was Forward from Rosa Lichtenstein) Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Symbols as unique in human learning (was Forward from Rosa Lichtenstein) Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Changing sides, political ideology and a Conversation with Stalin Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] the bipartisan way Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Forward from Rosa Lichtenstein farmela...@juno.com [Marxism-Thaxis] Forward from Rosa Lichtenstein Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Forward from Rosa Lichtenstein CeJ Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Forward from Rosa Lichtenstein CeJ Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Forward from Rosa Lichtenstein CeJ Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Forward from Rosa Lichtenstein CeJ [Marxism-Thaxis] Forward from Rosa Lichtenstein Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Forward from Rosa Lichtenstein CeJ Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Forward from Rosa Lichtenstein CeJ [Marxism-Thaxis] Forward from Rosa Lichtenstein Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Forward from Rosa Lichtenstein Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Forward from Erwin Marquit farmela...@juno.com [Marxism-Thaxis] Forward from Erwin Marquit farmela...@juno.com Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ? (lenin on class in 1919 Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] e-mail discussion lists Ralph Dumain [Marxism-Thaxis] Sokal: law as a heuristic for natual science Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Review of Sokal's "Beyond the Hoax" Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Review of Sokal's "Beyond the Hoax" Ralph Dumain [Marxism-Thaxis] Review of Sokal's "Beyond the Hoax" Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ? Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ? Jim Farmelant Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ? juan De La Cruz Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ? Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ? Jim Farmelant Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ? Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ? Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ? Phil Walden Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ?Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ? Shane Mage Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ?Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ?Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ?Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ? Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ? Ralph Dumain Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ?Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ?Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ?Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ? Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ? Phil Walden Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ? Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ? Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ?Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ? Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ?Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ?Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ?Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] unemployment Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] In Defense of Washington and Wall Street Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Stop the execution of Troy Davis! The Nation Magazine [Marxism-Thaxis] Guatemala apologizes to Cuba for Bay of PigsCharles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Ukrainian workers occupy a farming machinery plant Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Up and out of poverty, now Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Up and out of poverty, now CeJ Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Up and out of poverty, now CeJ [Marxism-Thaxis] Up and out of poverty, now Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Bukharin pamphlet Ralph Dumain [Marxism-Thaxis] Alain Badiou Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Alain Badiou CeJ Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Alain Badiou farmela...@juno.com Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Alain Badiou JC Helary Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Alain Badiou Ralph Dumain [Marxism-Thaxis] Freedom: from the kingdom of necessity to the kingdom of freedom Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Insert for Locus of material necessity in human society and history Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Derivatives Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] kingdoms of necessity and freedom Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Locus of material necessity in human society and history Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] socialism icon needed Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Douglass and Feuerbach Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] from the kingdom of necessity Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Why is history a history of class struggles ? Critique of Althusser Charles Brown Sent from my iPhone
[Marxism-Thaxis] Babel's Charles Brown
[Marxism-Thaxis] Administration unveils financial system overhaulCharles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] IMPACT Union and the workers Paddy Hackett [Marxism-Thaxis] Why Oprah Deserves to Be Rich and the Wall Street moguls not Ralph Dumain [Marxism-Thaxis] sarkozy-under-pressure-as-millions-take-to-streets- Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Notes on an Orientation to the Obama PresidencyCharles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Read the big four to know capital ’s fate Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Man the hunted Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Babel's dawn Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Babel's dawn Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Babel's dawn note Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Fictitious capital and the transition out of capitalism - Loren Goldner Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Stirner, Feurbach, Marx and the Young Hegelians - David McLellan Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] FW: Fianna Fail's strategy Paddy Hackett [Marxism-Thaxis] The US Financial System is Effectively InsolventCharles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] As capitalism stares into the abyss, was Marx right all along? ( Yes) Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] What is the Crisis About? Fictitious Capital or the Destruction of Wealth? Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] rah, team fight - talkin' to American people about class Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] rah, rah team fight Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] rah, rah team fight Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] rah, rah team fight Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] rah, rah team fight Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Task and responsibility of communists Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Obama gets high marks in the latest NEWSWEEK poll, Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] A Backlash Against Obama's Budget ; which side are you on Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Obama opens up stem cell work, science inquiriesCharles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Obama’s Interview Aboard Air F orce One 3/8/09Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Demands advanced by communists are demands of the proletariat. Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] rural my poverty Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Are you really a champion of the poorest sectors of the Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Are you really a champion of the poorest sectors of the Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Which side are you on ? Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Which side are you on ? Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Are you really a champion of the poorest sectors of the Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Are you really a champion of the poorest sectors of the Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Obama says US may reach out to Taliban Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Obama says US may reach out to TalibanWaistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Obama says US may reach out to Taliban Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Obama says US may reach out to TalibanWaistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Obama says US may reach out to Taliban CeJ [Marxism-Thaxis] Irish deficit and Crises Paddy Hackett Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Obama says US may reach out to Taliban CeJ Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Obama says US may reach out to Taliban CeJ [Marxism-Thaxis] How Cash Starved States Can Create their Own Credit Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Are you really a champion of the poorest sectors of the ... Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Are you really a champion of the poorest sectors of the ... Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Are you really a champion of the poorest sectors of the ... Ralph Dumain Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Are you really a champion of the poorest sectors of the ... Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Are you really a champion of the poorest sectors of the ... Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Are you really a champion of the poorest sectors of the ... Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Are you really a champion of the poorest sectors of the working class ? Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] weather in Detroit Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] weather in Detroit Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] weather in Detroit Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Work Ethic 2.0: Attention Control Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] A History of International Women's Day: Happy Birthday Coming Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Cast aside illusions!” Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] BLS Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Obama Health Care Plan/Push: class intersectionWaistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Obama Health Care Plan/Push: class intersection Ralph Dumain Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Obama Health Care Plan/Push: class intersection Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Civil War:USNA . . . after the collapse Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Work Ethic Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Wither the car? Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] FOXP2 and the Evolution of Language Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Human language gene's origin not as recent as thought Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Economic Crisis and Ireland Paddy Hackett [Marxism-Thaxis] Finance Capitalism Hits a Wall Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] The Language of Looting Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Obama , getting money to the working class prontoCharles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Obama’s Politics of Change and US Policy on ChinaWaistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Capitalism, Socialism and Crisis Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Capitalism, Socialism and Crisis Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Capitalism, Socialism and Crisis Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Capitalism, Socialism and Crisis Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Capitalism, Socialism and Crisis Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Capitalism, Socialism and Crisis Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Capitalism, Socialism and Crisis Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Capitalism, Socialism and Crisis CeJ [Marxism-Thaxis] symbols edited from Marxism Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] symbols edited from Marxism Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] symbols edited from Marxism Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] [marxistphilosophy] Marx & religion & atheism refs in MIA farmela...@juno.com [Marxism-Thaxis] Obama: The brother from another planet Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 - correction Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Obama: The brother form another planet Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity 6/end Ralph Dumain [Marxism-Thaxis] James Petras' critique of the Communist ManifestoCharles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] John Bellamy Foster interview on the financial crisis Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Massacre of Chilean students in Florida panhandleCharles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Evgeny Pashukanis Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] The tiger we need to tame Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] The tiger we need to tame Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Lenin's discussion of monopoly and speculationCharles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity 6/end Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity 6/end Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity 6/end Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity 6/end Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: 6/end Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Number of Unemployed Tops 5 Million Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Definition of symbolic Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: 4Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: 4 Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: 6/end Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: 5 Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: 4 Ralph Dumain Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: 4 Ralph Dumain Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: 4 Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: 4 Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: 4 Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: 4 Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: 4 Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: 3B Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: 3A Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Putting The Social Back Into Language : Marx, Vološinov and Vygotsky reexamined Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: The elec... Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: The elec... Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: The elec... Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: The elec... Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: The election of Barack Obama 1 Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: The election of Barack Obama 1 Ralph Dumain [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: The election of Barack Obama 1 Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: The election of Barack Obama 1 Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: The election of Barack Obama 1 Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Black History Month 2009 Change and continuity: The election of Barack Obama 1 Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Symbols as unique in human learning (was Forward from Rosa Lichtenstein) Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Symbols as unique in human learning (was Forward from Rosa Lichtenstein) Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Changing sides, political ideology and a Conversation with Stalin Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] the bipartisan way Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Forward from Rosa Lichtenstein farmela...@juno.com [Marxism-Thaxis] Forward from Rosa Lichtenstein Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Forward from Rosa Lichtenstein CeJ Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Forward from Rosa Lichtenstein CeJ Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Forward from Rosa Lichtenstein CeJ Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Forward from Rosa Lichtenstein CeJ [Marxism-Thaxis] Forward from Rosa Lichtenstein Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Forward from Rosa Lichtenstein CeJ Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Forward from Rosa Lichtenstein CeJ [Marxism-Thaxis] Forward from Rosa Lichtenstein Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Forward from Rosa Lichtenstein Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Forward from Erwin Marquit farmela...@juno.com [Marxism-Thaxis] Forward from Erwin Marquit farmela...@juno.com Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ? (lenin on class in 1919 Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] e-mail discussion lists Ralph Dumain [Marxism-Thaxis] Sokal: law as a heuristic for natual science Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Review of Sokal's "Beyond the Hoax" Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Review of Sokal's "Beyond the Hoax" Ralph Dumain [Marxism-Thaxis] Review of Sokal's "Beyond the Hoax" Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ? Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ? Jim Farmelant Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ? juan De La Cruz Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ? Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ? Jim Farmelant Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ? Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ? Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ? Phil Walden Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ?Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ? Shane Mage Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ?Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ?Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ?Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ? Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ? Ralph Dumain Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ?Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ?Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ?Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ? Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ? Phil Walden Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ? Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ? Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ?Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ? Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ?Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ?Waistline2 Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Did the Soviet state whither away ?Waistline2 [Marxism-Thaxis] unemployment Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] In Defense of Washington and Wall Street Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Stop the execution of Troy Davis! The Nation Magazine [Marxism-Thaxis] Guatemala apologizes to Cuba for Bay of PigsCharles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Ukrainian workers occupy a farming machinery plant Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Up and out of poverty, now Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Up and out of poverty, now CeJ Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Up and out of poverty, now CeJ [Marxism-Thaxis] Up and out of poverty, now Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Bukharin pamphlet Ralph Dumain [Marxism-Thaxis] Alain Badiou Charles Brown Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Alain Badiou CeJ Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Alain Badiou farmela...@juno.com Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Alain Badiou JC Helary Re: [Marxism-Thaxis] Alain Badiou Ralph Dumain [Marxism-Thaxis] Freedom: from the kingdom of necessity to the kingdom of freedom Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Insert for Locus of material necessity in human society and history Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Derivatives Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] kingdoms of necessity and freedom Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Locus of material necessity in human society and history Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] socialism icon needed Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Douglass and Feuerbach Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] from the kingdom of necessity Charles Brown [Marxism-Thaxis] Why is history a history of class struggles ? Critique of Althusser Charles Brown Sent from my iPhone
21st Century , All Human , All Homo Sapiens, Multi-Lateral Global Governance is struggling for the People of the Whole World
Yankees can't stop BRICS,SCO, Belt and Road Initiative, Bilateral trade between Third World Countries , Proletarian Internationalism SPREADING , can't CONTAIN Just World Governance , the INTERNATIONALE
, All-Homo Sapiens !
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https://youtu.be/kBzru89oNgk?si=2UOe_0rf7Sgsw5LQ
Arise ye pris’ners of starvation Arise ye wretched of the earth For justice thunders condemnation A better world’s in birth!
No more tradition’s chains shall bind us Arise, ye slaves, no more in thrall; The earth shall rise on new foundations We have been naught we shall be all. <
Refrain: ’Tis the final conflict Let each stand in her place The International Union Shall be the human race. <
We want no condescending saviors To rule us from their judgement hall We workers ask not for their favors Let us consult for all. To make the theif disgorge his booty To free the spirit from its cell We must ourselves decide our duty We must decide and do it well. <
The law oppresses us and tricks us, The wage slave system drains our blood; The rich are free from obligation, The laws the poor delude. Too long we’ve languished in subjection, Equality has other laws; "No rights", says she "without their duties, No claims on equals without cause." <
Behold them seated in their glory The kings of mine and rail and soil! What have you read in all their story, But how they plundered toil?
Fruits of the workers’ toil are buried In strongholds of the idle few In working for their restitution The men will only claim their due.
We toilers from all fields united Join hand in hand with all who work; The earth belongs to us, the workers, No room here for the shirk. How many on our flesh have fattened! But if the norsome birds of prey Shall vanish from the sky some morning The blessed sunlight then will stay. <
https://www.marxists.org/history/ussr/sounds/lyrics/international.htm
http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2026/08/httpsl_0586736001.html<
http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2025/12/httpsyoutu.html<
http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2026/08/so-called-multi-polarity-replacing.html<
http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2026/07/blog-post.html<
http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2026/07/blog-post.html<
https://youtu.be/kBzru89oNgk?si=2UOe_0rf7Sgsw5LQ
Arise ye pris’ners of starvation Arise ye wretched of the earth For justice thunders condemnation A better world’s in birth!
No more tradition’s chains shall bind us Arise, ye slaves, no more in thrall; The earth shall rise on new foundations We have been naught we shall be all. <
Refrain: ’Tis the final conflict Let each stand in her place The International Union Shall be the human race. <
We want no condescending saviors To rule us from their judgement hall We workers ask not for their favors Let us consult for all. To make the theif disgorge his booty To free the spirit from its cell We must ourselves decide our duty We must decide and do it well. <
The law oppresses us and tricks us, The wage slave system drains our blood; The rich are free from obligation, The laws the poor delude. Too long we’ve languished in subjection, Equality has other laws; "No rights", says she "without their duties, No claims on equals without cause." <
Behold them seated in their glory The kings of mine and rail and soil! What have you read in all their story, But how they plundered toil?
Fruits of the workers’ toil are buried In strongholds of the idle few In working for their restitution The men will only claim their due.
We toilers from all fields united Join hand in hand with all who work; The earth belongs to us, the workers, No room here for the shirk. How many on our flesh have fattened! But if the norsome birds of prey Shall vanish from the sky some morning The blessed sunlight then will stay. <
https://www.marxists.org/history/ussr/sounds/lyrics/international.htm
http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2026/08/httpsl_0586736001.html<
http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2025/12/httpsyoutu.html<
http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2026/08/so-called-multi-polarity-replacing.html<
http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2026/07/blog-post.html<
http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2026/07/blog-post.html<
2025
2025:<
Friday, September 19, 2025 Trump can't stop BRICS, , Proletarian Internationalism SPREADING , can't CONTAIN COMMUNISM, so he plans to exploit Us allies ... GE Geopolitical Economy Re... <
https://youtu.be/wpYgXMkzWc8? Si=UR4YU_IXHBP4FOLD
"have. So all of this serves as a reminder of the quote by the late US war criminal and imperial strategist Henry Kissinger who said quote it may be dangerous to be America's enemy but to be America's friend is fatal end quote and so-called US allies in Europe and Japan and South Korea are learning this the hard way and what's also striking is to compare how the US is treating its BRICS & SCO build multipolar order so-called allies with how the countries in bricks in the global south are building alternative institutions and cb at 9:59 AM Share take10charles.blogspot.com
Friday, September 19, 2025 Trump can't stop BRICS, , Proletarian Internationalism SPREADING , can't CONTAIN COMMUNISM, so he plans to exploit Us allies ... GE Geopolitical Economy Re... <
https://youtu.be/wpYgXMkzWc8? Si=UR4YU_IXHBP4FOLD
"have. So all of this serves as a reminder of the quote by the late US war criminal and imperial strategist Henry Kissinger who said quote it may be dangerous to be America's enemy but to be America's friend is fatal end quote and so-called US allies in Europe and Japan and South Korea are learning this the hard way and what's also striking is to compare how the US is treating its BRICS & SCO build multipolar order so-called allies with how the countries in bricks in the global south are building alternative institutions and cb at 9:59 AM Share take10charles.blogspot.com
204 Atomic Bombs against 66 Major Cities
US Nuclear Attack against USSR Planned During World War Two
by Professor Michel Chossudovsky
Global Research (October 27 2018)
First published November 04 2017
https://www.globalresearch.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Nuclear-strike.jpg
(related book : http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2026/08/the-unbroken-record-soviet-treaty.html)<
On March 1st 2018 president Vladimir Putin unveiled an array of advanced military technologies in response to renewed US threats to wipe the Russian Federation off the Map, as contained in Trump's 2018 Nuclear Posture Review.
It should be understood that these US nuclear threats directed against Russia predate the Cold War. They were first formulated at the height of World War Two under the Manhattan Project when the US and the Soviet Union were allies.
*****
According to a secret document dated September 15 1945,
the Pentagon had envisaged blowing up the Soviet Union with a coordinated nuclear attack directed against major urban areas.
All major cities of the Soviet Union were included in the list of 66 "strategic" targets. The tables below categorize each city in terms of area in square miles and the corresponding number of atomic bombs required to annihilate and kill the inhabitants of selected urban areas.
Six atomic bombs were to be used to destroy each of the larger cities including Moscow, Leningrad, Tashkent, Kiev, Kharkov, Odessa.
The Pentagon estimated that a total of 204 atomic bombs would be required to "Wipe the Soviet Union off the Map". The targets for a nuclear attack consisted of sixty-six major cities.
To undertake this operation the "optimum" number of bombs required was of the order of 466 (see document below)
One single atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima resulted in the immediate death of 100,000 people in the first seven seconds. Imagine what would have happened if 204 atomic bombs had been dropped on major cities of the Soviet Union as outlined in a secret US plan formulated during the Second World War.
https://www.globalresearch.ca/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/hiroshima_afterbomb.jpg Hiroshima in the wake of the atomic bomb attack, 6 August 1945
The document outlining this diabolical military agenda had been released in September 1945, barely one month after the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (6 and 9 August 1945) and two years before the onset of the Cold War (1947).
Video produced by South Front: https://youtu.be/J-Oy8Fi8LHI
The secret plan dated September 15 1945 (two weeks after the surrender of Japan on September 02 1945 aboard the USS Missouri, see image below) , however, had been formulated at an earlier period, namely at the height of World War Two, at a time when America and the Soviet Union were close allies.
https://www.globalresearch.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/untitled-design-99-1.jpg
It is worth noting that Stalin was first informed through official channels by Harry Truman of the infamous Manhattan Project at the Potsdam Conference on July 24 1945, barely two weeks before the attack on Hiroshima.
The Manhattan project was launched in 1939, two years prior to America's entry into World War Two in December 1941. The Kremlin was fully aware of the secret Manhattan project as early as 1942.
Were the August 1945 Hiroshima and Nagasaki attacks used by the Pentagon to evaluate the viability of a much larger attack on the Soviet Union consisting of more than 204 atomic bombs? The key documents to bomb 66 cities of the Soviet Union (15 September 1945) were finalized five to six weeks after the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings (6, 9 August 1945):
On September 15 1945 - just under two weeks after the formal surrender of Japan and the end of World War Two - Norstad sent a copy of the estimate to General Leslie Groves, still the head of the Manhattan Project, and the guy who, for the short term anyway, would be in charge of producing whatever bombs the USAAF might want. As you might guess, the classification on this document was high: "TOP SECRET LIMITED", which was about as high as it went during World War Two. - Alex Wellerstein, The First Atomic Stockpile Requirements (September 1945)
The Kremlin was aware of the 1945 plan to bomb sixty-six Soviet cities.
The documents confirm that the US was involved in the "planning of genocide" against the Soviet Union.
Let's cut to the chase. How many bombs did the USAAF request of the atomic general, when there were maybe one, maybe two bombs worth of fissile material on hand? At a minimum, they wanted 123. Ideally, they'd like 466. This is just a little over a month after the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
Of course, in true bureaucratic fashion, they provided a handy-dandy chart (Alex Wellerstein, op cit)
https://www.globalresearch.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-22.07.18.png
https://blog.nuclearsecrecy.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/1945-Atomic-Bomb-Production.pdf
https://www.globalresearch.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Screen-Shot-2017-10-30-at-15.58.03.png
Read More: https://www.globalresearch.ca/the-rapid-postwar-increase-of-americas-nuclear-arsenal/5645686?
https://www.globalresearch.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Screen-Shot-2017-10-30-at-15.51.20-1.png
https://www.globalresearch.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/1945-Russian-and-Manchurian-Strategic-Urban-Areas-500x370.jpg
https://www.globalresearch.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-22.10.25.png
https://www.globalresearch.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-22.11.13.png
https://www.globalresearch.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-22.09.50.png
The Nuclear Arms Race
Central to our understanding of the Cold War which started (officially) in 1947, Washington's September 1945 plan to bomb 66 cities into smithereens played a key role in triggering the nuclear arms race.
The Soviet Union was threatened and developed its own atomic bomb in 1949 in response to 1942 Soviet intelligence reports on the Manhattan Project.
While the Kremlin knew about these plans to "Wipe out" the USSR, the broader public was not informed because the September 1945 documents were of course classified.
Today, neither the September 1945 plan to blow up the Soviet Union nor the underlying cause of the nuclear arms race is acknowledged. The Western media has largely focussed its attention on the Cold War US-USSR confrontation. The plan to annihilate the Soviet Union dating back to World War Two and the infamous Manhattan project are not mentioned.
Washington's Cold War nuclear plans are invariably presented in response to so-called Soviet threats, when in fact it was the US plan released in September 1945 (formulated at an earlier period at the height of World War Two) to wipe out the Soviet which motivated Moscow to develop its nuclear weapons capabilities.
The assessment of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists mistakenly blamed and continue to blame the Soviet Union for having launched the nuclear arms race in 1949, four years after the release of the September 1945 US Secret Plan to target 66 major Soviet cities with 204 nuclear bombs:
1949: The Soviet Union denies it, but in the fall, President Harry Truman tells the American public that the Soviets tested their first nuclear device, officially starting the arms race. "We do not advise Americans that doomsday is near and that they can expect atomic bombs to start falling on their heads a month or year from now", the Bulletin explains. "But we think they have reason to be deeply alarmed and to be prepared for grave decisions". https://thebulletin.org/timeline
IMPORTANT: Had the US decided NOT to develop nuclear weapons for use against the Soviet Union, the nuclear arms race would not have taken place. <
Neither The Soviet Union nor the People's Republic of China would have developed nuclear capabilities as a means of "Deterrence" against the US which had already formulated plans to annihilate the Soviet Union.
The Soviet Union lost 27 million people during World War Two.
The Cold War List of 1200 Targeted Cities:
This initial 1945 list of sixty-six cities was updated in the course of the Cold War (1956) to include some 1200 cities in the USSR and the Soviet bloc countries of Eastern Europe (see declassified documents below). The bombs slated for use were more powerful in terms of explosive capacity than those dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
http://www.globalresearch.ca/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Screen-Shot-2016-01-09-at-23.30.07.png Source: National Security Archive
According to the 1956 Plan, H-Bombs were to be Used Against Priority "Air Power" Targets in the Soviet Union, China, and Eastern Europe. Major Cities in the Soviet Bloc, including East Berlin, were High Priorities in "Systematic Destruction" for Atomic Bombings.
- William Burr, US Cold War Nuclear Attack Target List of 1200 Soviet Bloc Cities "From East Germany to China", http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/nukevault/ebb538-Cold-War-Nuclear-Target-List-Declassified-First-Ever/, December 2015
https://www.globalresearch.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-12-09-at-19.07.46.png Source: National Security Archive
Washington, DC, December 22 2015 - The SAC [Strategic Air Command] Atomic Weapons Requirements Study for 1959, produced in June 1956 and published today for the first time by the National Security Archive www.nsarchive.org, provides the most comprehensive and detailed list of nuclear targets and target systems that has ever been declassified. As far as can be told, no comparable document has ever been declassified for any period of Cold War history.
The SAC study includes chilling details. According to its authors, their target priorities and nuclear bombing tactics would expose nearby civilians and "friendly forces and people" to high levels of deadly radioactive fallout. Moreover, the authors developed a plan for the "systematic destruction" of Soviet bloc urban-industrial targets that specifically and explicitly targeted "population" in all cities, including Beijing, Moscow, Leningrad, East Berlin, and Warsaw. Purposefully targeting civilian populations as such directly conflicted with the international norms of the day, which prohibited attacks on people per se (as opposed to military installations with civilians nearby). http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/nukevault/ebb538-Cold-War-Nuclear-Target-List-Declassified-First-Ever/, December 2015
List of Cities
http://www.globalresearch.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Screen-Shot-2015-12-27-at-11.31.48-1024x405.png Excerpt of list of 1200 cities targeted for nuclear attack in alphabetical order. National Security Archive, op cit.
From the Cold War to Donald Trump
In the post-Cold War era, under Donald Trump's "Fire and Fury", nuclear war directed against Russia, China, North Korea, and Iran is "On the Table".
What distinguishes the October 1962 Missile Crisis to today's realities:<
1. Today's president Donald Trump does not have the foggiest idea as to the consequences of nuclear war.
2. Communication today between the White House and the Kremlin is at an all-time low. In contrast, in October 1962, the leaders on both sides, namely John F Kennedy and Nikita S Khrushchev were acutely aware of the dangers of nuclear annihilation. They collaborated with a view to avoiding the unthinkable.
3. The nuclear doctrine was entirely different during the Cold War. Both Washington and Moscow understood the realities of mutually assured destruction. Today, tactical nuclear weapons with an explosive capacity (yield) of one third to six times a Hiroshima bomb are categorized by the Pentagon as "harmless to civilians because the explosion is underground".
4. A one trillion plus nuclear weapons program, first launched under Obama, is ongoing.
5. Today's thermonuclear bombs are more than 100 times more powerful and destructive than a Hiroshima bomb. Both the US and Russia have several thousand nuclear weapons deployed.
Moreover, an all-out war against China is currently on the drawing board of the Pentagon as outlined by a RAND Corporation Report commissioned by the US Army
https://www.globalresearch.ca/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Screen-Shot-2016-08-05-at-11.55.561-1024x439.png
"Fire and Fury", From Truman to Trump: U.S Foreign Policy Insanity
There is a long history of US political insanity geared towards providing a human face to US crimes against humanity.
https://www.globalresearch.ca/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Truman-9511121-1-402-300x300.jpg Truman globalresearch.ca
On August 09 1945, on the day the second atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki, president Truman (image above), in a radio address to the American people, concluded that God is on the side of America with regard to the use of nuclear weapons and that
He May guide us to use it [atomic bomb] in His ways and His purposes.
According to Truman: God is with us, he will decide if and when to use the bomb:
[We must] prepare plans for the future control of this bomb. I shall ask the Congress to cooperate to the end that its production and use be controlled, and that its power be made an overwhelming influence towards world peace.
We must constitute ourselves trustees of this new force - to prevent its misuse, and to turn it into the channels of service to mankind.
It is an awful responsibility which has come to us.
We thank God that it [nuclear weapons] has come to us, instead of to our enemies; and we pray that He may guide us to use it [nuclear weapons] in His ways and for His purposes" (emphasis added)
Disclaimer: The contents of this article are of sole responsibility of the author(s). The Centre for Research on Globalization will not be responsible for any inaccurate or incorrect statement in this article.
Copyright (c) Professor Michel Chossudovsky, Global Research, 2018
https://www.globalresearch.ca/wipe-the-ussr-off-the-map-204-atomic-bombs-against-major-cities-us-nuclear-attack-against-soviet-union-planned-prior-to-end-of-world-war-ii/5616601
https://billtotten.wordpress.com/ http://www.ashisuto.co.jp---
by Professor Michel Chossudovsky
Global Research (October 27 2018)
First published November 04 2017
https://www.globalresearch.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Nuclear-strike.jpg
(related book : http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2026/08/the-unbroken-record-soviet-treaty.html)<
On March 1st 2018 president Vladimir Putin unveiled an array of advanced military technologies in response to renewed US threats to wipe the Russian Federation off the Map, as contained in Trump's 2018 Nuclear Posture Review.
It should be understood that these US nuclear threats directed against Russia predate the Cold War. They were first formulated at the height of World War Two under the Manhattan Project when the US and the Soviet Union were allies.
the Pentagon had envisaged blowing up the Soviet Union with a coordinated nuclear attack directed against major urban areas.
All major cities of the Soviet Union were included in the list of 66 "strategic" targets. The tables below categorize each city in terms of area in square miles and the corresponding number of atomic bombs required to annihilate and kill the inhabitants of selected urban areas.
Six atomic bombs were to be used to destroy each of the larger cities including Moscow, Leningrad, Tashkent, Kiev, Kharkov, Odessa.
The Pentagon estimated that a total of 204 atomic bombs would be required to "Wipe the Soviet Union off the Map". The targets for a nuclear attack consisted of sixty-six major cities.
To undertake this operation the "optimum" number of bombs required was of the order of 466 (see document below)
One single atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima resulted in the immediate death of 100,000 people in the first seven seconds. Imagine what would have happened if 204 atomic bombs had been dropped on major cities of the Soviet Union as outlined in a secret US plan formulated during the Second World War.
https://www.globalresearch.ca/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/hiroshima_afterbomb.jpg Hiroshima in the wake of the atomic bomb attack, 6 August 1945
The document outlining this diabolical military agenda had been released in September 1945, barely one month after the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (6 and 9 August 1945) and two years before the onset of the Cold War (1947).
Video produced by South Front: https://youtu.be/J-Oy8Fi8LHI
The secret plan dated September 15 1945 (two weeks after the surrender of Japan on September 02 1945 aboard the USS Missouri, see image below) , however, had been formulated at an earlier period, namely at the height of World War Two, at a time when America and the Soviet Union were close allies.
https://www.globalresearch.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/untitled-design-99-1.jpg
It is worth noting that Stalin was first informed through official channels by Harry Truman of the infamous Manhattan Project at the Potsdam Conference on July 24 1945, barely two weeks before the attack on Hiroshima.
The Manhattan project was launched in 1939, two years prior to America's entry into World War Two in December 1941. The Kremlin was fully aware of the secret Manhattan project as early as 1942.
Were the August 1945 Hiroshima and Nagasaki attacks used by the Pentagon to evaluate the viability of a much larger attack on the Soviet Union consisting of more than 204 atomic bombs? The key documents to bomb 66 cities of the Soviet Union (15 September 1945) were finalized five to six weeks after the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings (6, 9 August 1945):
On September 15 1945 - just under two weeks after the formal surrender of Japan and the end of World War Two - Norstad sent a copy of the estimate to General Leslie Groves, still the head of the Manhattan Project, and the guy who, for the short term anyway, would be in charge of producing whatever bombs the USAAF might want. As you might guess, the classification on this document was high: "TOP SECRET LIMITED", which was about as high as it went during World War Two. - Alex Wellerstein, The First Atomic Stockpile Requirements (September 1945)
The Kremlin was aware of the 1945 plan to bomb sixty-six Soviet cities.
The documents confirm that the US was involved in the "planning of genocide" against the Soviet Union.
Let's cut to the chase. How many bombs did the USAAF request of the atomic general, when there were maybe one, maybe two bombs worth of fissile material on hand? At a minimum, they wanted 123. Ideally, they'd like 466. This is just a little over a month after the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
Of course, in true bureaucratic fashion, they provided a handy-dandy chart (Alex Wellerstein, op cit)
https://www.globalresearch.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-22.07.18.png
https://blog.nuclearsecrecy.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/1945-Atomic-Bomb-Production.pdf
https://www.globalresearch.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Screen-Shot-2017-10-30-at-15.58.03.png
Read More: https://www.globalresearch.ca/the-rapid-postwar-increase-of-americas-nuclear-arsenal/5645686?
https://www.globalresearch.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Screen-Shot-2017-10-30-at-15.51.20-1.png
https://www.globalresearch.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/1945-Russian-and-Manchurian-Strategic-Urban-Areas-500x370.jpg
https://www.globalresearch.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-22.10.25.png
https://www.globalresearch.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-22.11.13.png
https://www.globalresearch.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-11-03-at-22.09.50.png
The Nuclear Arms Race
Central to our understanding of the Cold War which started (officially) in 1947, Washington's September 1945 plan to bomb 66 cities into smithereens played a key role in triggering the nuclear arms race.
The Soviet Union was threatened and developed its own atomic bomb in 1949 in response to 1942 Soviet intelligence reports on the Manhattan Project.
While the Kremlin knew about these plans to "Wipe out" the USSR, the broader public was not informed because the September 1945 documents were of course classified.
Today, neither the September 1945 plan to blow up the Soviet Union nor the underlying cause of the nuclear arms race is acknowledged. The Western media has largely focussed its attention on the Cold War US-USSR confrontation. The plan to annihilate the Soviet Union dating back to World War Two and the infamous Manhattan project are not mentioned.
Washington's Cold War nuclear plans are invariably presented in response to so-called Soviet threats, when in fact it was the US plan released in September 1945 (formulated at an earlier period at the height of World War Two) to wipe out the Soviet which motivated Moscow to develop its nuclear weapons capabilities.
The assessment of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists mistakenly blamed and continue to blame the Soviet Union for having launched the nuclear arms race in 1949, four years after the release of the September 1945 US Secret Plan to target 66 major Soviet cities with 204 nuclear bombs:
1949: The Soviet Union denies it, but in the fall, President Harry Truman tells the American public that the Soviets tested their first nuclear device, officially starting the arms race. "We do not advise Americans that doomsday is near and that they can expect atomic bombs to start falling on their heads a month or year from now", the Bulletin explains. "But we think they have reason to be deeply alarmed and to be prepared for grave decisions". https://thebulletin.org/timeline
IMPORTANT: Had the US decided NOT to develop nuclear weapons for use against the Soviet Union, the nuclear arms race would not have taken place. <
Neither The Soviet Union nor the People's Republic of China would have developed nuclear capabilities as a means of "Deterrence" against the US which had already formulated plans to annihilate the Soviet Union.
The Soviet Union lost 27 million people during World War Two.
The Cold War List of 1200 Targeted Cities:
This initial 1945 list of sixty-six cities was updated in the course of the Cold War (1956) to include some 1200 cities in the USSR and the Soviet bloc countries of Eastern Europe (see declassified documents below). The bombs slated for use were more powerful in terms of explosive capacity than those dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
http://www.globalresearch.ca/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Screen-Shot-2016-01-09-at-23.30.07.png Source: National Security Archive
According to the 1956 Plan, H-Bombs were to be Used Against Priority "Air Power" Targets in the Soviet Union, China, and Eastern Europe. Major Cities in the Soviet Bloc, including East Berlin, were High Priorities in "Systematic Destruction" for Atomic Bombings.
- William Burr, US Cold War Nuclear Attack Target List of 1200 Soviet Bloc Cities "From East Germany to China", http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/nukevault/ebb538-Cold-War-Nuclear-Target-List-Declassified-First-Ever/, December 2015
https://www.globalresearch.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Screen-Shot-2017-12-09-at-19.07.46.png Source: National Security Archive
Washington, DC, December 22 2015 - The SAC [Strategic Air Command] Atomic Weapons Requirements Study for 1959, produced in June 1956 and published today for the first time by the National Security Archive www.nsarchive.org, provides the most comprehensive and detailed list of nuclear targets and target systems that has ever been declassified. As far as can be told, no comparable document has ever been declassified for any period of Cold War history.
The SAC study includes chilling details. According to its authors, their target priorities and nuclear bombing tactics would expose nearby civilians and "friendly forces and people" to high levels of deadly radioactive fallout. Moreover, the authors developed a plan for the "systematic destruction" of Soviet bloc urban-industrial targets that specifically and explicitly targeted "population" in all cities, including Beijing, Moscow, Leningrad, East Berlin, and Warsaw. Purposefully targeting civilian populations as such directly conflicted with the international norms of the day, which prohibited attacks on people per se (as opposed to military installations with civilians nearby). http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/nukevault/ebb538-Cold-War-Nuclear-Target-List-Declassified-First-Ever/, December 2015
List of Cities
http://www.globalresearch.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Screen-Shot-2015-12-27-at-11.31.48-1024x405.png Excerpt of list of 1200 cities targeted for nuclear attack in alphabetical order. National Security Archive, op cit.
From the Cold War to Donald Trump
In the post-Cold War era, under Donald Trump's "Fire and Fury", nuclear war directed against Russia, China, North Korea, and Iran is "On the Table".
What distinguishes the October 1962 Missile Crisis to today's realities:<
1. Today's president Donald Trump does not have the foggiest idea as to the consequences of nuclear war.
2. Communication today between the White House and the Kremlin is at an all-time low. In contrast, in October 1962, the leaders on both sides, namely John F Kennedy and Nikita S Khrushchev were acutely aware of the dangers of nuclear annihilation. They collaborated with a view to avoiding the unthinkable.
3. The nuclear doctrine was entirely different during the Cold War. Both Washington and Moscow understood the realities of mutually assured destruction. Today, tactical nuclear weapons with an explosive capacity (yield) of one third to six times a Hiroshima bomb are categorized by the Pentagon as "harmless to civilians because the explosion is underground".
4. A one trillion plus nuclear weapons program, first launched under Obama, is ongoing.
5. Today's thermonuclear bombs are more than 100 times more powerful and destructive than a Hiroshima bomb. Both the US and Russia have several thousand nuclear weapons deployed.
Moreover, an all-out war against China is currently on the drawing board of the Pentagon as outlined by a RAND Corporation Report commissioned by the US Army
https://www.globalresearch.ca/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Screen-Shot-2016-08-05-at-11.55.561-1024x439.png
"Fire and Fury", From Truman to Trump: U.S Foreign Policy Insanity
There is a long history of US political insanity geared towards providing a human face to US crimes against humanity.
https://www.globalresearch.ca/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Truman-9511121-1-402-300x300.jpg Truman globalresearch.ca
On August 09 1945, on the day the second atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki, president Truman (image above), in a radio address to the American people, concluded that God is on the side of America with regard to the use of nuclear weapons and that
He May guide us to use it [atomic bomb] in His ways and His purposes.
According to Truman: God is with us, he will decide if and when to use the bomb:
[We must] prepare plans for the future control of this bomb. I shall ask the Congress to cooperate to the end that its production and use be controlled, and that its power be made an overwhelming influence towards world peace.
We must constitute ourselves trustees of this new force - to prevent its misuse, and to turn it into the channels of service to mankind.
It is an awful responsibility which has come to us.
We thank God that it [nuclear weapons] has come to us, instead of to our enemies; and we pray that He may guide us to use it [nuclear weapons] in His ways and for His purposes" (emphasis added)
Disclaimer: The contents of this article are of sole responsibility of the author(s). The Centre for Research on Globalization will not be responsible for any inaccurate or incorrect statement in this article.
Copyright (c) Professor Michel Chossudovsky, Global Research, 2018
https://www.globalresearch.ca/wipe-the-ussr-off-the-map-204-atomic-bombs-against-major-cities-us-nuclear-attack-against-soviet-union-planned-prior-to-end-of-world-war-ii/5616601
https://billtotten.wordpress.com/ http://www.ashisuto.co.jp---