Americans, including many in nis Republican Party, do not see things that way, according to a Reuters/Ipsos poll.


"This is the golden age of America," Trump said in his State of the Union address on Tues-day. "The roaring economy is roaring like never before." <



The latest Reuters/Ipsos poll, completed on Monday, showed 68% of people disagree with a statement that "the U.S. economy is boom-ing," a claim Trump has repeatedly made since returning to office in January 2025. Republicans in the survey were sharply divided on how well the economy is doing, a warning sign for the party ahead of the November 3 midterm elections when Trump's party will defend majorities in the U.S. House of Representatives and Senate. Some 56% of Republicans thought the economy was booming, while 43% disagreed

REPUBLICAN John McCain sang "Bomb , bomb , bomb , bomb, bomb "Iran during 2008 Presidential Campaign

https://youtu.be/U7s5pT3Rris?si=fHbxqNDTJELaOPDj<


John McCain sang "Bomb , bomb , bomb , bomb, bomb "Iran during 2008 Presidential Campaign . <



DEMOCRAT Obama won the election , and thwarted US long term plan to attack Iran by making a peace treaty with Iran.



Republican Trump tore up peace treaty with Iran in first term ; now attacks Iran. <


Of course , US has been seeking to overthrow Iranian government since the Islamic revolution overthrew the US installed Shah. <



https://youtu.be/U7s5pT3Rris?si=fHbxqNDTJELaOPDj








WAR IS A RACKET : HUMAN SACRIFICES ON THE ALTAR OF MILITARY INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX PROFITS
https://youtu.be/rRSWJDtWc8o?si=0J1cDKtp3fSKHf1N<

Why Work Destroys Your Soul: All of Karl Marx's Philosophy Explained

Why Work Destroys Your Soul: All of Karl Marx's Philosophy Explained <



Do you ever feel like a stranger in your own life between 9 and 5? In this deep-dive examination, we explore Karl Marx's profound insights into Alienation and why the modern workplace often feels like it's destroying the human soul. Designed to help you fall asleep while gaining deep wi...more<



https://youtu.be/dRO5PVqwQRc?si=qBV5mUY6ZBZppakl


http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2014/07/needed-constitutional-amendment-for_4.html<


Do you ever feel like a stranger in your own life between 9 and 5? In this deep-dive examination, we explore Karl Marx's profound insights into Alienation and why the modern workplace often feels like it's destroying the human soul. Designed to help you fall asleep while gaining deep wisdom. In this video, you will explore: The 4 Dimensions of Alienation and why you feel disconnected from your work. Marx's "Species Being" and our lost human capacity for creativity. How the "Hustle Culture" in America creates a collective, silent loneliness. The Labor Theory of Value and the hidden math behind your daily burnout. <

Mexican People Are Indigenous to This Continent. Not Immigrants. Colonizers Crossed Oceans. We Did Not.

http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2026/01/what-does-marx-mean-when-he-says-direct.html

What is Reaganism ? Today ? We are still fighting to reverse Reaganism and go on to King's Dream

http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2026/02/sent-from-my-iphone-begin-forwarded.html

Black Nationalist : "Obama had Gaddafi taken out. Farrakhan and i met regarding Gaddafi and reparations. "<


Me: Obama also got a Peace Treaty with Iran .<


CIA would have assassinated Obama if he stopped attack on Gaddafi . Get real ; Obama was not in charge , which you of all people should realize . Kennedy , a white man , was assassinated for crossing the CIA . You’re blaming the victim . <


The victims are the people of Libya. Not Obama. Obama and the united snakes were the perpetrators. A black man, Obama doing the bidding for genetic mutants against brown and black people in Libya. Those are black and brown people who reside in Libya and were killed. The same complexion as Obama. The late Councilman Clyde Cleveland had relatives in Libya and Cuba. We knew the makeup of the people. Also Nabil Leach. We studied the black and brown people of Libya. ASE 🌹<



Blaming Obama is not prudent , wise ,cogent; it’s tunnel visioned/ nearsighted . You fail to take into account the big picture . It is arch-foolish to portray the Black President as a failure; it’s bad politicaleconomic mass education. <

explain to a child Einstein's idea of space-time Imagine space is a giant, invisible, stretchy trampoline. Einstein discovered that everything in the universe-like stars and planets-sits on this trampoline, creating dents. Instead of gravity being a pull, it is actually objects rolling into those dents in the fabric of "space-time". • 6) Britannica Kids +4 Here is how to explain it simply: • The Trampoline Fabric: Think of space and time not as separate things, but as one big, stretchy fabric called "space-time". • The Bowling Ball (Gravity): If you place a heavy bowling ball (the Sun) on the trampoline. it makes a deer dio. <



https://www.google.com/search?q=explain+to+a+child+Einstein%27s+idea+of+space-time&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&hl=en-us&client=safari#lfId=ChxjMe


The Marble (Orbiting): If you roll a marble (the Earth) onto the trampoline, it will roll around the heavy ball because of that dip. That's how gravity works-big things warp space, and smaller things follow the curve. • Time Changes: Because this fabric bends, time itself slows down near very heavy objects. If you were near a black hole, time would move slower for you than it does for someone on Earth. ® In short: Matter tells space-time how to curve, and curved space-time tells matter how to move. ® Stanford University relativity - Students |<


Britannica Kids |... Consider space-time to be a rubber sheet spread out flat. Imagine that ... Britannica KidsAmong the outstanding advances in science will always stand Albert Einstein’s theories of relativity—the problem of how physical laws and measurements change when considered by observers in various states of motion. These theories forced revision of all fundamental thinking about time and space. They brought changes in many statements of natural law, including Isaac Newton’s law of gravitation. And the theories gave scientists the mathematical framework they needed for atomic research and for releasing nuclear energy. Einstein came up with his first theory of relativity, called the theory of special relativity, in 1905. It revealed that no material object can ever travel as fast as light, which has a constant speed for all observers, no matter their motion. The speed of light is thus the “speed limit” of the universe. Special relativity also showed that mass and energy are the same physical entity and can be changed into each other. Einstein conceived his second relativity theory, called the theory of general relativity, in 1916. This theory concerns gravity, one of the fundamental forces in the universe. Gravitation is a very weak force. For this reason, its distinctive effects are evident only on very massive objects. The theory of general relativity thus describes such large-scale physical phenomena as the movement of planets, the birth and death of stars, black holes, and the evolution of the universe. At first, it was said that only a dozen people in the world could understand these revolutionary theories. This was only partly correct. It is true that the relativity theories employ the highest branches of mathematics. But today thousands of scientists understand the theories, and anyone can get a good idea of relativity by thinking the matter through. Einstein’s thinking grew out of a number of scientific puzzles, especially about light. For many years scientists had believed that light traveled across space as waves in an elastic, weightless, and invisible medium called the luminiferous ether. They thought Earth moved (“drifted”) through the ether, and in 1887 A.A. Michelson and E.W. Morley tried to measure this drift. But no sign of motion appeared. If light was carried by an ether, Earth seemed to be standing still in it. Of all the attempts made to explain this result, the most promising was offered by the Dutch physicist H.A. Lorentz. He suggested that matter moving through the ether might become slightly shortened in the direction of motion. If this affected Michelson’s instrument by just the right amount, it would nullify the experiment. The very suggestion raised doubt about the certainty of any scientific measurement, and many efforts were made to detect such a contraction. But none succeeded. Scientists were left with this haunting doubt about the accuracy of all measurement until Einstein offered his theory of special relativity as an answer. EINSTEIN’S APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM A Aff A0n N Pu Claaaaa El F Tk Su Qm Cc Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Einstein started by questioning the current method for measuring motion. This method is shown in Figure 1. A stationary observer could check a motion directly against his frame of reference. A moving observer would have to measure an observed motion against a frame he carried with him, then allow for his motion against some stationary frame. This would give a true record provided the stationary frame remained fixed and invariable in space and time. At the time, all scientists assumed that the frame provided by empty space did remain fixed and invariable (except for Lorentz’s disturbing suggestion). But now Einstein asked, can we be so sure of this? We face a puzzle, and in spite of our best efforts, we cannot work it out within such a frame. Therefore might it not be wise to examine the frame itself, to see if it is as sound as we think it is? Since human beings have accepted three-dimensional space and the march of time without question through all the ages, Einstein’s proposal seems unthinkable at first glance. But a simple example will show why and how the supposed invariability of space and time can be brought into question. Suppose that somewhere in actual three-dimensional space there is a vast plane inhabited by dotlike creatures who can understand nothing but the two dimensions x and y of their plane. Let us call these creatures dwellers in Flatland, after the title of a noted book once written about them by Edwin Abbott; and let us follow one such creature as he does some experimenting. EXPERIMENTING IN FLATLAND AND CURVEDLAND A Aff A0n N Pu Claaaaa El F Tk Su Qm Cc Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Suppose this creature travels along the straight line between two Flatland cities, A and B, in Figure 2. He goes at a steady pace and uses a yardstick to measure the distance. He takes 100 days for the journey; and his yardstick measuring gives the distance as 1,000 miles. Now he tries another test. He uses a radar outfit to get a reflected signal from A, and finds that the signal passes each way through the intervening space in 1/186 of a second. Since radar signals travel at the speed of light—186,000 miles (299,792,458 meters) per second—this means a distance of 1,000 miles. The radar test has confirmed the measure made with the yardstick. Now imagine this creature transferred to the surface of a huge hollow sphere, comparable in size to Earth. The sphere is in three-dimensional space, and radio signals traverse this space. The transferred Flatlander cannot realize this or other aspects of his actual situation, but he will feel at home because the sphere is huge, and its curved surface seems flat. Suppose we call his new surroundings Curvedland and see what will happen if he repeats his distance tests between Curvedland cities C and D. Now he cannot move along the actual shortest distance between C and D. It lies inside the curved surface, in the third dimension of space, as shown in Figure 3. The shortest distance he can find will be the great circle between C and D on the surface of the sphere (see navigation). Suppose his travel time is 120 days, and the distance measures 1,200 miles. Now he makes a radar test, and the result surprises him. As shown in Figure 3, the signal will follow the actual shortest distance and give a measure (let us say) of only 1,000 miles. This is a puzzling outcome—and how can he explain it? First, he might assume that his yardstick and clock measurements are correct and try to explain what happened to the radar signal. But he would certainly fail, because he can never imagine what really did happen—that is, the signal left his two-dimensional world and traveled through the third dimension (unknowable to him) of space inside the surface of the sphere. Secondly, after his first explanation fails, he can accept the result of the radar test as correct and change his other measurements to be consistent. This he can do by assuming that when he moved from Flatland to Curvedland, his yardstick shrank just enough to measure 1,000 miles as 1,200. (This corresponds to the Lorentz contraction.) He would also have to assume that the days he used as his measure of travel time had shortened somehow and had given him a count of 120 instead of 100. Then all his experimental results would be consistent. This puzzle is only one of many that would arise if the Flatlander continued traveling in Curvedland and making tests. Perhaps strangest of all, if he kept going long enough, he would come to his own back door. This would happen because his supposedly flat space actually is closed and limited. The great circles that he mistakes for straight lines close on themselves and are limited in length. Now suppose some “Flatland Einstein,” a mathematical genius, studies these matters. He can use as many space dimensions as he likes in working problems even though he can only visualize two. So he devises an explanation, using the shortened yardstick and shortened days. This not only explains the radar signal: it explains the far greater puzzles that would have arisen on a longer journey. His explanation actually amounts to treating all the events as happening in three-dimensional space. But he must state it in mathematical terms, because neither he nor any other Flatlander can think in terms of an actual third dimension, one which they can “see” as existing. EINSTEIN’S FUNDAMENTAL PROPOSAL Einstein proposed much the same course in dealing with the Michelson-Morley experiment. In the ether-drift experime EINSTEIN’S FUNDAMENTAL PROPOSAL Einstein proposed much the same course in dealing with the Michelson-Morley experiment. In the ether-drift experiment, scientists had expected light to appear speeded up whenever it moved inside the apparatus against Earth’s motion. The apparent new speed would be the sum of light’s actual speed through empty space, plus the speed of Earth advancing to meet it. They had failed to detect such an effect. Light seemed to have the same speed, regardless of the direction in which it moved relative to Earth’s motion. And the one chance to explain this and still retain the ether theory had failed, since no evidence of the Lorentz contraction could be found. Therefore, scientists had to accept the other explanation. Since the speed of light remains constant, measurements of motion must be made changeable so that problems would still “figure out” in agreement with observed facts. VARIABLE SPACE AND TIME This meant accepting the Lorentz contraction (corresponding to the Flatlander’s contracted yardstick) except that Einstein removed the unprovable feature. Lorentz had suggested a contraction of matter, and this had not been found. Einstein proposed that the dimensions of space itself change with an observer’s speed. special relativity1:18© Open University © Open University Next, Einstein proved that the rest of the Flatlander’s second explanation would have to be accepted too. He showed by an acute mathematical argument that if the speed of light is invariable, and space itself changes with speed of motion, then people’s measure of time must change too. This might seem at first to destroy all certainty in science. How could any speed of motion be measured with certainty, when the very units used to measure it were changeable? Very easily, Einstein said. One invariable fact of nature remained—the constant speed of light. All other speeds could be stated as fractions of it. Appropriate “correction factors” could be applied to various measurements of space or time that might occur in motion problems. special relativity1:41© MinutePhysics © MinutePhysics One great task remained for Einstein. It would be necessary to find what mathematical forms the “correction factors” should take, so that calculated motions would agree with observed facts. For his attack upon this problem, Einstein decided that since both space and time were to be considered as variable, he would treat them together as aspects of a four-dimensional, space-time continuum. His treatment cannot be explained fully without the use of advanced mathematics. Neither can helpful pictorial examples of the full meaning be given. They would have to be drawn in four dimensions, and this is impossible. But a reasonably good idea of the continuum may be given with an example limited to three dimensions. A Aff A0n N Pu Claaaaa El F Tk Su Qm Cc Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Consider first an airplane circling in level flight (Figure 4). Notice that only two space dimensions, x and y, need be used to record the airplane’s successive positions in space. The third dimension (z) may be used for time. Now a three-dimensional continuum can be constructed as follows: Take a photograph of the airplane every minute from below the plane. Print the photos, and stack them in order. Then connect the successive positions of the airplane with a continuous line. The stack of photos may be called a three-dimensional continuum. The line joining the airplane positions rises in corkscrew fashion through it, showing the plane’s motion in two dimensions of space and in the “dimension” time. This sort of line formed the heart of Einstein’s treatment (except that his lines were developed in a four-dimensional continuum and have meaning only in mathematical terms). A good term for them is world lines. In a four-dimensional continuum the track of a moving object such as an airplane, or the orbit of a planet, or the path of a light ray is a world line. The rest of Einstein’s task consisted of restating previously accepted laws of nature as world lines and seeing whether the new statements agreed with all observed facts. In this he succeeded brilliantly. His equations and formulas worked perfectly. And where they predicted a result at variance with older theory, tests proved Einstein’s formulas to be correct. In converting older laws of nature to relativistic terms, Einstein found it necessary to treat mass (matter) and energy as potentially interchangeable. His theory of special relativity includes the famous equation E =  mc2, in which E is the energy of matter with mass m and c is the speed of light. This equation expresses the fact that mass and energy are physically the same, and so one can be converted into the other. Before special relativity, mass and energy were considered to be two separate entities. Einstein’s formula proved invaluable in atomic research (see nuclear energy). EINSTEIN’S THEORY OF GRAVITATION Einstein’s work on motion in the four-dimensional continuum is called the theory of special relativity because it describes only a special case. It is limited to objects that are moving at constant speed in a straight line. Einstein extended this work to cover other phenomena in his theory of general relativity. This second theory includes objects that are accelerating. An outstanding triumph of the theory of general relativity was a new explanation of gravitation. Ever since Newton’s day, the “force of gravity” had stood apart from all other natural forces in that it acted alike on all kinds of matter, whereas the action of all other forces varied according to the kind of matter. Countless unsuccessful efforts had been made to explain this difference. Einstein tried a radically different approach. Again his method was mathematical and can be explained completely only in such terms. But it amounted roughly to assuming that matter warps the continuum according to the amount (mass) which exists in any locality. Then all motion along world lines in the vicinity must follow the warp. relativity: gravity explained as the curvature of space-time Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. In other words, Einstein showed that gravity arises from the shape of space-time. While Newton thought that gravity was a force, Einstein revealed its geometric nature. Each mass in the universe bends the very structure of space-time around it. This concept is difficult to visualize, but an analogy can provide some insight. Consider space-time to be a rubber sheet spread out flat. Imagine that a bowling ball (representing the Sun) is placed on the sheet. The ball will curve the sheet (space-time) around it, creating a cuplike depression. Next, imagine that a marble is also put on the sheet. A smaller depression will form around the marble. If the marble is placed near the bowling ball’s depression, it will roll down the slope toward the ball as if pulled by a force. If the marble is given a sideways push, it will travel around the bowling ball like a planet orbits the Sun. It is as if a steady pull toward the ball swings the marble into a closed path. Calculating problems using Einstein’s theory of the warping of space-time usually gave the same results as computing problems using Newton’s “force of gravity.” But differences occurred if the gravity involved was very strong, and in every case Einstein’s theory worked better. For one thing, it cleared up a puzzling aspect of the planet Mercury’s motions in space. This planet follows an elliptical orbit around the Sun; and the ellipse itself rotates 547 seconds of arc (about 1/6 of a degree) a century. Calculations based on Newton’s law failed to account for 43 seconds of this motion. Einstein’s theory accounted for all of it. EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE Both of Einstein’s theories of relativity have been confirmed in experiments. For example, in one experiment ultra-accurate clocks were placed on a variety of commercial airliners flying at one-millionth the speed of light. After two days of continuous flight, the time shown by the airborne clocks differed by fractions of a microsecond from that shown by a synchronized clock left on Earth, as predicted by special relativity. Other evidence supporting special relativity has come from experiments with subatomic particles moving very fast, at speeds close to that of light. general relativity Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Another triumph came in connection with light. The theory of general relativity predicts that light rays are bent near a massive body. If world lines must follow warps in space, beams of light passing near the Sun should be deflected slightly. This prediction of a stellar shift was verified by observations of solar eclipses in 1919 and 1922. GPS; general relativity1:28© MinutePhysics © MinutePhysics As mentioned above, further evidence supporting general relativity came from the orbit of Mercury. Another confirmed prediction of general relativity is that time dilates—or runs more slowly—in a gravitational field. This means that clocks run slower as they approach the mass that is producing the gravitational field. This effect has been measured directly and also through the “gravitational redshift” of light. Time dilation causes light to vibrate at a lower frequency within a gravitational field; thus, the light is shifted toward a longer wavelength—that is, toward the red. gravitational waves2:37Courtesy of Northwestern University Courtesy of Northwestern University The most striking prediction of general relativity is that of gravitational waves. Gravitational waves are “ripples in space-time” that travel at the speed of light. They are to the gravitational field what electromagnetic waves such as visible light and radio waves are to the electromagnetic field. Electromagnetic waves are caused by accelerated electrical charges and are detected when they put other charges into motion. Similarly, gravitational waves would be caused by masses in motion and are detected when they initiate motion in other masses. However, gravity is very weak compared with electromagnetism. Only a huge cosmic event, such as the collision of two stars, can generate detectable gravitational waves. Efforts to sense gravitational waves began in the 1960s. Such waves were first directly detected in 2015 by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), located in Hanford, Washington, and in Livingston, Louisiana. It detected gravitational waves produced by two black holes 1.3 million light-years away spiralling into each other. Beginning in the 20th century, many scientists tried to expand the principles of relativity to explain all forces in a single theory, called the unified field theory. Einstein himself spent the latter part of his life in an unsuccessful attempt to link electromagnetism and gravitation. (See also cosmology; physics; quantum mechanics; unified field theory.) F. Wagner Schlesinger Ed.

American wars on Venezuela and Iran are Crimes Against Peace violating the UN Convention .<<<



This is the Crime Nazi Herman Goering was charged with at Nurembourg


http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2026/02/american-wars-on-venezuela-and-iran-are.html<<


http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2026/02/american-wars-on-venezuela-and-iran-are_26.html

American wars on Venezuela and Iran are Crimes Against Peace violating the UN Convention ; worse Crime than Genocide

American wars on Venezuela and Iran are Crimes Against Peace violating the UN Convention .<<

This is the Crime Nazi Herman Goering was charged with at Nurembourg
http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2026/02/american-wars-on-venezuela-and-iran-are.html<


<


ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AGREES WITH ME
https://www.google.com/search?q=American+wars+on+Venezuela+and+Iran+are+Crimes+Against+Peace+violating+the+UN+Convention+.%3C&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&hl=en-us&client=safari#cobssid=s&lfId=ChxjMe<


AI says "Based on reports regarding U.S. actions in early 2026, numerous international law experts, UN officials, and various nations have condemned U.S. military operations against Venezuela and its policy toward Iran as violations of international law, specifically the UN Charter. These actions-including the Jan. 3, 2026, military operation in Venezuela that removed President Nicolás Maduro-have been characterized by critics as acts of aggression and "crimes against peace," undermining the rules-based international order. *


Amnesty Internatio... +4 Key Points Regarding U.S. Actions (2025-Key Points Regarding U.S. Actions (2025- 2026):


• Venezuela Intervention: On January 3, 2026, the U.S. conducted a military operation, described by officials as a "counter-narco-terrorism" move, which resulted in the removal of President Maduro. UN experts, the NonAligned Movement, and various nations condemned this as an unlawful use of force violating Article 2(4) of the UN Charter, which prohibits the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state. • "Crimes Against Peace" Argument: Legal experts and observers have argued that the U.S. actions, including the forced removal of a head of state and the previous naval blockades in late 2025, constitute acts of aggression under international law. These actions are, in some analyses, likened to actions against Iran-including a June 2025 military strike-have been described as unlawful. The U.S. has maintained a "maximum pressure" campaign involving economic sanctions, which UN experts have previously criticized for violating human rights and the norms of international behavior.


• Violation of Sovereignty: Critics assert that the U.S. actions are not justified by self-defense or Security Council authorization, making them a "textbook example of an 'act of aggression''


• U.S. Position: The U.S. administration has argued that its actions are lawful, framing them as self-defense, counter- narcoterrorism, and a commitment to preventing safe havens for hostile actors. @ ohchr +10 The international community is currently in an "uneasy balance," with some nations calling for accountability while others avoid conflict withmaking them a "textbook example of an 'act of aggression'''

• U.S. Position: The U.S. administration has argued that its actions are lawful, framing them as self-defense, counter- narcoterrorism, and a commitment to preventing safe havens for hostile actors. @ ohchr +10


The international community is currently in an "uneasy balance," with some nations calling for accountability while others avoid conflict with the U.S.. • YouTube UN experts condemn US aggression against... Jan 7, 2026 — GENEVA - United Nations experts* today strongly... ohchr U.S. Allies and Reactions to O Feb 18, 2026 - The Bureau of the Non-A 舢 Just Security

Keep Hope Alive I am Somebody I’d rather have Roosevelt in a wheelchair than Reagan on a horse 🐎 Different races is a contradiction in terms . There is only one race, the Human Race . Run , Jesse, Run !

American wars on Venezuela and Iran are Crimes Against Peace violating the UN Convention .<


Crimes Against Peace are worse crimes than Crimes Against Humanity or Genocide .! <



https://www.google.com/search?q=crime+against+peace&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&hl=en-us&client=safari#lfId=ChxjMe


A crime against peace (or crime of aggression) is defined under international law as the planning, initiation, or execution of a state's act of armed force that violates the UN Charter. It is considered the "supreme international crime" and is prosecuted by the International Criminal Court (ICC) when committed by high-ranking leaders. w Wikipedia +3 K<
ey aspects of crimes against peace include:<


• Definition: Encompasses planning, preparing, initiating, or waging wars of aggression or wars in violation of international treaties/assurances. • Acts of Aaaression: Includes invasion. Ask anything


< Q crime against peace



the use of state military force. • Legal Basis: Historically defined by the Nuremberg Charter, it is now part of the Rome Statute of the ICC, which allows for the prosecution of individuals for such acts.


(+ ICRC +5 Contextual Distinction: • International Law: Refers specifically to aggressive war (crimes against peace/aggression).


• Domestic Law: Refers to "disturbing the peace" or "breach of peace," which are minor, local offenses like fighting in public or loud noises. ® Britannica +2 Crime against peace | war crime | Britannica


In international law, crimes against peace are one of three categories... Britannica


Al responses may include mistakes. For legal advice, 凸 B

THE JOURNAL NEGRO HISTORY FOUNDED BY CARTER G. WOODSON, JANUARY 1, 1916 W. AUGUSTUS LOW, EDITOR VOLUME LVII, No. 2 APRIL, 1972 CONTENTS ABBY L. GILBERT: The Comptroller of the Currency and the Freedman's Saving Bank. FRANK A. CASSELL: Slaves of the Chesapeake Bay Area and the War of 1812. MARTHA S. PUTNEY: Black Merchant Seamen of Newport, 1803-1865: A Case Study in Foreign Commerce. JOAN R. SHERMAN: James Monroe Whitfield, Poet and Emigra-tionist: A Voice of Protest and Despair. GEORGE R. LAMPLUGH: The Image of the Negro in Popular Magazine Fiction, 1875-1900... JAMES EARL MASSEY: Bibliographical Essay: Howard Thurman and Rufus M. Jones, Two Mystics. BOOK REVIEWS... Mays, Born to Rebel by Richard Bardolph; Fuller, Prudence Crandall: An Incident of Racism in Nineteenth-Century Connecticut by Otey M. Scruggs; Munden, Feature Films, 1921-1930 by Thomas R. Cripps; Uya, From Slavery to Public Service: Robert Smalls, 1839-1915 by D. W. Bishop; Grubbs, from the Cotton: The Southern Tenant Farmers' Union and the New Deal by ester C. Lamon: Wirt Politics of Southern Equality by Neil R. McMillen: Porter, Early Negro Writing: 1760-1837 by Thomas J. Davis; Nason anc Russell, The Life and Public Services of Henry Wilson, Late Vice-President of the United States and McKay, Henry Wilson, Practical Radical: Portrait of a Politician by James C. Mohr; Davis, If They Come in The Morning by Herbert B. Rogers. DOCUMENTS. 125 144 156 169 177 190 196 211 Letters of Phillis Wheatley and Susanna Wheatley By SARA DUNLAP JACKSON NOTES 216 1912 by THE ASSOCIATION FOR THE STUDY NEGRO LIFE Second class postage paid in Washington, BE AND HISTORY, INC.

Your Villain theme is ubiquitous in history ! Oppressed classes are always resisting, struggling against oppression and exploitation by ruling classes , as the Manifesto of the Communist Party says, but eventually they lose ; and the rulers write the history ; and always betray the Peasants who struggled for justice as “Villains.”

http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2023/06/cpusa-logo-cpusa-communist-party-and.html

We are still fighting to reverse Reaganism and go on to King's Dream

We are still fighting to reverse Reaganism and go on to King's Dream <


From: Charles Brown Date: May 17, 2023 at 12:04:04 PM EDT To: charles brown Subject: Fwd: Material for blog on "We are still fighting to reverse Reaganism and go on to King's Dream"  <


Charles Brown "Men make their own history, but they do not make it as they please; they do not make it under self-selected circumstances, but under circumstances existing already, given and transmitted from the past. The tradition of all dead generations weighs like a nightmare on the brains of the living. And just as they seem to be occupied with revolutionizing themselves and things, creating something that did not exist before, precisely in such epochs of revolutionary crisis they anxiously conjure up the spirits of the past to their service, borrowing from them names, battle slogans, and costumes in order to present this new scene in world history in time-honored disguise and borrowed language." <


5 hours ago · Like · 2<



Tangela Harris Those that you say can read and have comprehension skill's,,,,, are the one's who DO NOT HAVE DISCERNMENT SKILL'S <



5 hours ago · Like Tangela Harris Troyyyyyyy! Thank you! Teaspoons brother! We all in it together! 5 hours ago · Like · 1 <


Linda Evans I will not diminish my peoples abilities or potential to read, comprehend, and discern information. 'What they lack is the desire to use those skills. <


I began to see the "dumbing down" of our youth in the 70s with the onset of gangs, drugs, and rap! I'm sorry, but I think these 3 things made the kids straight stupid... not in terms of intellect, but in terms of wisdom... how they do, or do not, apply it And now they are adults with kids, and their kids are no more informed than they are. So it gets progressively worse with each generation.


In the 60s we addressed black men and women as "My brother, my sister." Now they address each other as "my nigga, my dog, my bitch." 5 hours ago · Edited · Unlike · 1 Troy Tisdale SO IF THAT IS THE CASE LINDA THEN WHO IS TO BLAME OUR MOTHERS AND FATHERS(FROM THE 70s) THEY WERE THE TEACHERS OF THAT GENERATION ??


5 hours ago · Like Tangela Harris i have to go see my granny, but ill be back shortly sister! 5 hours ago · Like


Troy Tisdale OR DO WE SET THE BLAME ON THE GRANDPARENTS... THE ONES WHO TAUGHT THE MOTHERS AND FATHERS OF THE 70s GENERATION???

5 hours ago · Edited · Like · 1 Linda Evans I just told you that Troy. "I began to see the "dumbing down" of our youth in the 70s with the onset of gangs, drugs, and rap."


4 hours ago · Edited · Like · 1 Troy Tisdale WE HAVE TO STOP LOOKING AT IT LIKE IT IS OUR FAULT WHEN IT IS CLEARLY NOT HISTORY TELLS US THIS MUCH


4 hours ago · Like · 1 Troy Tisdale I UNDERSTAND YOU SEEN THAT BUT IT HAD TO BE A PROCESS FOR THE DUMBING DOWN TO EVEN OCCUR LINDA 4 hours ago · Like · 1



Troy Tisdale I SEEN A POST ON A SITE YESTERDAY WHERE A WHITE WOMAN SAID "YOU BLACKS HAD 50 YRS TO GET YOURSELVES TOGETHER" BUT SHE NEVER MENTIONED THE 400 PLUS YRS OF MISTREATMENT 4 hours ago · Unlike · 2


Troy Tisdale SO I DID THE MATH 400 YRS OF MISTREATMENT VS 50 YEARS OF US TRYING TO GET OURSELVES TOGETHER THAT IS ONLY 1 GENERATION VS 6 GENERATIONS OF MISTREATMENT IT DONT ADD UP WE NEED WAY MORE THAN ONE GENERATION TO FIX WHAT WAS DONE TO THE BLACK AMERICAN CITIZENS HERE IN AMERICA 4 hours ago · Unlike · 2


Jevelle Marshall I'm just tired of seeing 40 year old rappers. Lmao! 3 hours ago · Edited · Unlike · 2 Charles Brown I say the dumbing down came in the 80's with Reaganism. I call gangster rappers the children of Reagan. 3 hours ago · Like · 2


Troy Tisdale the dumbing down came right after the civil rights movement which is basically the 70S and 80S 3 hours ago · Like · 1


Linda Evans You might be right Charles. The movement and consciousness raising was still active in the part of the 70s. By the 80s it had all but vanished. 3 hours ago · Unlike · 1


Troy Tisdale like we can point out when this happened but we never say what the root cause is/or was and why the problem exist its like black folk look at the problem and understand it but never the cause of the problem so the problem always remain if you dont tackle the root cause of the problem the problem will never be solved so we have to ask ourselves and be honest what is the root cause of the problem and look at all the factors and then begin to solve the problem 3 hours ago · Like · 1


Charles Brown 70's was actually a high point of consciousness , cultural and political achievement. 2 hours ago · Like · 1


Charles Brown I mean the Black is beautiful and powerful movement began to wane at the end of the 70's , and then Reaganism gave it a crushing blow. But it is important to recognize the high level of development and action in the early 1970's . There are many good aspects that still are good models for today and the future. We need cultural revival of the 70's 2 hours ago · Like · 1



Troy Tisdale BUT WHAT IS REAGANISM CHARLES??? 2 hours ago · Like · 1 Troy Tisdale IS THAT A CODE WORD FOR THE SYSTEM OF RACISM WHITE SUPREMACY? 2 hours ago · Like · 1


Charles Brown Reaganomics, denial of racism as the main form of racism, i.e. the reverse discrimination doctrine; making racism ok again. Cutting the buiget for urban programs, HUD , abolishing HEW. Cut Legal Services for the Poor. All around assault on Lyndon Johnson's Great Society. Turned the War on Poverty into the War on the Poor. Geeked up the racist "War" on drugs increased the military budget including Star Wars ( the military budget is still too big) and the bellicose foreign policy that goes with it; forgetting the lessons of Viet Nam; returning to a cowboy foreign policy ; anti-Commuism. Anti-labor offense started by Reagan firing the PATCO workers. Right wing religious zealots as a major part of the Republican Party. and much more. Slowed down EPA. Wholesale lying and demagogy. Reagan was a bigtime liar. So, the Tea party is a worthy son of Reagan , Liars , liars pants on fire.



2 hours ago · Edited · Like · 2 Charles Brown Specific assault and reversal of the reforms won in the 1960's and 1970's by the progressive movement, unity of Civil Rights Movement, anti-Viet nam war movement, Women's movement, Union movement, counter-culture movement 2 hours ago · Like · 1 Charles Brown Here's where the Establishment, White Power Structure, Bourgeoisie, 1% planned its counter-reform against our reforms: http://www.greenpeace.org/.../poll.../The-Lewis-Powell-Memo/ The Lewis Powell Memo - A Corporate Blueprint to Dominate Democracy www.greenpeace.org Written in 1971 to the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, the Lewis Powell Memo was a blueprint for corporate domination of American Democracy. 2 hours ago · Like · Remove Preview Troy Tisdale well charles we need to stop beating around the bush and call it what it really is the system of racism white supremacy and make sure that the people know what it really is that will at least be the start 2 hours ago · Unlike · 2

Charles Brown The Lewis Powell Memo - A Corporate Blueprint to Dominate Democracy


On this page


Additional Resources:

Written in 1971 to the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, the Lewis Powell Memo was a blueprint for corporate domination of American Democracy.


A typescript PDF copy of the original Powell Memo, with footnotes, can be downloaded from the Greenpeace Investigations website. For more, see Greenpeace analyses of how Lewis Powell's suggestions have impacted the realms of politics, judicial law, communications and education. The full text of the Powell Memo is below: -----


CONFIDENTIAL MEMORANDUMAttack on American Free Enterprise System DATE: August 23, 1971 TO: Mr. Eugene B. Sydnor, Jr., Chairman, Education Committee, U.S. Chamber of Commerce FROM: Lewis F. Powell, Jr. This memorandum is submitted at your request as a basis for the discussion on August 24 with Mr. Booth (executive vice president) and others at the U.S. Chamber of Commerce. The purpose is to identify the problem, and suggest possible avenues of action for further consideration.


Dimensions of the Attack No thoughtful person can question that the American economic system is under broad attack. This varies in scope, intensity, in the techniques employed, and in the level of visibility. There always have been some who opposed the American system, and preferred socialism or some form of statism (communism or fascism).

Also, there always have been critics of the system, whose criticism has been wholesome and constructive so long as the objective was to improve rather than to subvert or destroy. 2 hours ago · Like


Charles Brown There always have been some who opposed the American system, and preferred socialism or some form of statism (communism or fascism). Also, there always have been critics of the system, whose criticism has been wholesome and constructive so long as the objective was to improve rather than to subvert or destroy.


But what now concerns us is quite new in the history of America. We are not dealing with sporadic or isolated attacks from a relatively few extremists or even from the minority socialist cadre. Rather, the assault on the enterprise system is broadly based and consistently pursued. It is gaining momentum and converts.


Sources of the AttackThe sources are varied and diffused. They include, not unexpectedly, the Communists, New Leftists and other revolutionaries who would destroy the entire system, both political and economic. These extremists of the left are far more numerous, better financed, and increasingly are more welcomed and encouraged by other elements of society, than ever before in our history. But they remain a small minority, and are not yet the principal cause for concern.


The most disquieting voices joining the chorus of criticism come from perfectly respectable elements of society: from the college campus, the pulpit, the media, the intellectual and literary journals, the arts and sciences, and from politicians. In most of these groups the movement against the system is participated in only by minorities. Yet, these often are the most articulate, the most vocal, the most prolific in their writing and speaking. Moreover, much of the media -- for varying motives and in varying degrees -- either voluntarily accords unique publicity to these "attackers," or at least allows them to exploit the media for their purposes. This is especially true of television, which now plays such a predominant role in shaping the thinking, attitudes and emotions of our people.



One of the bewildering paradoxes of our time is the extent to which the enterprise system tolerates, if not participates in, its own destruction.



The campuses from which much of the criticism emanates are supported by (i) tax funds generated largely from American business, and (ii) contributions from capital funds controlled or generated by American business. The boards of trustees of our universities overwhelmingly are composed of men and women who are leaders in the system. Most of the media, including the national TV systems, are owned and theoretically controlled by corporations which depend upon profits, and the enterprise system to survive. 2 hours ago · Like · 1 Troy Tisdale and im reading the link now and copying it thanks brother 2 hours ago · Unlike · 2


Charles Brown http://take10charles.blogspot.com/.../black-people-still... Labor Power: "Black people still slaves to the 1% and their stooges - 'racism' back in the news" take10charles.blogspot.com

2 hours ago · Like · 1 · Remove Preview Charles Brown We have only started to reverse Reaganism some with the election and re-election of Obama. With limitations as a liberal, he represents a new direction of the majority of voters against the basic principles of Reaganism. I forgot irrational hatred of the Federal government and wholesale lying and demagogy.


2 hours ago · Like Charles Brown Wholesale lying and demagogy. Reagan was a bigtime liar. So, the Tea party is a worthy son of Reagan , Liars , liars pants on fire.


2 hours ago · Like Charles Brown Jesse Jackson lays out much of the critique of Reaganism in this speech back when Jackson was leading the Rainbow Coalition of voters to large % of primary votes in the 1984 campaign:


http://www.americanrhetoric.com/.../jessejackson1984dnc.htm Jesse Jackson: 1984 Democratic National Convention Address ("The Rainbow Coalition") www.americanrhetoric.com Full text and video excerpt of Jesse Jackson - 1984 Democratic National Convention Speech 2 hours ago · Like · Remove Preview Charles Brown


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HHd6XYMlP4I Jesse Jackson Speech to 1988 Convention Pt 7


Never stop dreaming, never surrender, women deserve equal pay, AIDS, Roosevelt i... See More


2 hours ago · Like · Remove Preview Troy Tisdale http://youtu.be/iZK9HnujRwE [Live]Neely Fuller - Overt Racism & Media War On Black Folks||21 May 2014 Neely Fuller Jr addressing current events including magic johnson, sterling and ... See More


about an hour ago · Unlike · 1 Charles Brown Jesse Jackson's Rainbow Coalition was essentially the coalition that became the national majority with Obama's election and re-election. Obama actualized Jackson's vision as majority. Thus, Jackson's ideas in these speeches are still pertinent in May , 2014 , Tangela Harris a few seconds ago · Like

21st Century Herbert Hoover :How Democrats can leverage Trump’s economic disaster

21st Century Herbert Hoover :How Democrats can leverage Trump’s economic disaster <



https://l.smartnews.com/p-7dFFxR3G/VZDn0A

Denial , denial , denial of racism

No Shock Here: 47% Call Republucan Trump Racist; The Real Surprise? Half The Country Doesn't


Nahlah Abdur-Rahman <


A new survey has unveiled how half of America really thinks of President Trump.



https://www.blackenterprise.com/survey-racist-label-trump/amp/


http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2025/08/blog-post_26.html<

What planet is Republican Marco on ? Oh , I know , Mars , with Republican Musk.

http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2015/01/what-television-show-is-todays_5.html

“I slept and dreamt that Life is Beauty/ I woke and found that Life is Duty .” -Mom <


Bing : I slept and dreamt that life is Baseball . ⚾️ I woke and found that Life is Women ($miles)

The HYPER-BOURGEOSIE

Why is Republican Trump causing an economic depression on behalf of the Bourgeosie ? <


Because economic depressions keep the Proletariat oppressed politically , and the Monopoly Capitalists buy up much bankrupt capital in Depression . In the Epoch of Monopoly Capital , "One Capitalist always kills many ," like Big Daddy said.


https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ch32.htm <


Just like in the game Monopoly. <


In 2026, The Financial Oligarchy of Hyper-Imperialist phase (Michael Hudson) is The Bourgeoisie .

Jesse Jackson, whose impassioned oratory and populist vision of a "rainbow coalition" of the poor and forgotten made him the nation's most influential Black figure in the years between the civil rights crusades of Martin Luther King Jr. and the election of Barack Obama, died on Tuesday. He was 84. Read more about his life and legacy: https://nyti.ms/4awWbM0 1/9 <



http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2026/02/republican-white-race-riot-continues_9.html

I’m a Jesse Jackson Rainbow Democrat , still .

<


https://youtu.be/nGJ7btYJPPA?si=zRzzw98dTupKc4Mm


I’m a Jesse Jackson Rainbow Democrat , still . <


http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2026/02/httpsyoutu_18.html



http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2026/02/httpsl_20.html<



http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2026/02/the-problem-of-20th-century-was-problem.html

Memory is "Eternity" , Timeless

Republican white race riot

MAGA celeb vows Jesse Jackson will suffer 'eternal shame' in wild 'white slavery' rant <



MAGA influencer WHITE SUPREMACIST Benny Johnson reacted to the death of Jesse Jackson by linking the civil rights leader to "mass white slavery" and white "genocide" in a wild and evidence devoid rant.


<


https://l.smartnews.com/p-7bpfZtm0/RzcZUg


http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2026/02/republican-white-race-riot-continues_9.html<

STOP CLAIMING ML KING , AMERICA , REPUBLICANS HAVE WIPED OUT HIS LEGACY



Awaiting the Supreme Court Decision That Could 'Completely Erase' the 'Civil Right Movement's Crowning Achievement' <



https://l.smartnews.com/p-7cjmjWgx/HJRCux <


http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2026/02/republican-white-race-riot.html

http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2025/03/blog-post_674.html

http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2022/10/china-xi-gets-ready-for-final.html

Jesse Jackson, whose impassioned oratory and populist vision of a "rainbow coalition" of the poor and forgotten made him the nation's most influential Black figure in the years between the civil rights crusades of Martin Luther King Jr. and the election of Barack Obama, died on Tuesday. He was 84. Read more about his life and legacy: https://nyti.ms/4awWbM0 1/9 <


During his 1988 presidential campaign, Rev. Jesse Jackson actively protested auto plant closings, famously aligning with labor unions to fight for jobs. He visited communities, including in Wisconsin and Michigan, to support workers against plant closures, such as the Chrysler Jefferson Avenue Assembly Plant, linking their struggles to his Rainbow Coalition platform. & The New York Times +2 • 1988 Campaign Focus: Jackson championed the rights of workers, arguing that just as the government could bail out corporations like Chrysler, it should protect jobs from being lost to factory shutdowns. . , . .........government could bail out corporations like Chrysler, it should protect jobs from being lost to factory shutdowns. • Solidarity with Labor: He bridged gaps between different groups, vowing to support workers in Cudahy, Wis., and elsewhere regardless of racial divides during labor disputes. • Detroit Protest: He was noted for rallying with United Auto Workers (UAW) at major Detroit manufacturing sites protesting shutdowns. & The New York Times +1 The Basic Speech/Jesse Jackson; From a Traditio... Jan 19, 1988 - There is no conflict between farmers asking for parity... @ The New York Times U P

Jesse Jackson's iconic 1988 speech #jessejackson #civilrights #activism The longtime civil rights activist Jesse Jackson has died at the age of 84. One of his most iconic speeches, was his 1988 speech at the Democratic National Convention in Atlanta. ...more Transcript Follow along using the transcript.Atlanta. It was the year he made a second unsuccessful run for the Democratic Nomination for President, losing out to Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis. But this speech went down in history. Read more: https://news.sky.com/s... #jessejackson #civilrights #activism SUBSCRIBE to our YouTube channel for more videos: • / skynews Follow us on Twitter: & / skynews Like us on Facebook: # / skynews Follow us on Instagram: / skynews Follow us on TikTok: © / skynews Sky News Daily podcast is available for free here: https://podfollow.com/.. For more content go to http://news.sky.com and download our apps: Apple https://itunes.apple.c... Android https://play.google.co... To enquire about licensing Sky News content, <


https://youtu.be/5dfVO0cM2bo?si=ibBSFONNiiEEnwJE


<<

http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2026/02/httpsyoutu_19.html


Jesse Jackson called for Black and White worker unity against the corporations JESSE JACKSON: < I think that the uh the hoax that has been put upon the nation by the oil monopoly is affecting black and and white workers alike. I think that it should have the effect of black and white workers uniting to save their jobs rather than remaining disunited to save the color of their skins. And I think that the real effect uh of this crisis uh is economic and to that extent uh uh is economic and to that extent uh workers in the Seattle area and in Detroit and other places around the nation their first obligation is is to stand together to protect their jobs. Our basic position is that we may not be brothers and sisters in law but we are brothers and sisters in survival and we will either stand together as wise and civilized people or we will die apart as fools. Reverend Jackson spoke further < <



Jesse Jackson, whose impassioned oratory and populist vision of a "rainbow coalition" of the poor and forgotten made him the nation's most influential Black figure in the years between the civil rights crusades of Martin Luther King Jr. and the election of Barack Obama, died on Tuesday. He was 84. Read more about his life and legacy: https://nyti.ms/4awWbM0 1/9

Jesse Jackson called for Black and White worker unity against the corporations

JESSE JACKSON: <



I think that the uh the hoax that has been put upon the nation by the oil monopoly is affecting black and and white workers alike. I think that it should have the effect of black and white workers uniting to save their jobs rather than remaining disunited to save the color of their skins. And I think that the real effect uh of this crisis uh is economic and to that extent uh uh is economic and to that extent uh workers in the Seattle area and in Detroit and other places around the nation their first obligation is is to stand together to protect their jobs. Our basic position is that we may not be brothers and sisters in law but we are brothers and sisters in survival and we will either stand together as wise and civilized people or we will die apart as fools. Reverend Jackson spoke further <



https://youtu.be/uAPutWfiltg?si=_1uKHTGwwy6vgTuB



<


http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2026/02/httpsl_20.html

Problem of the 20th and 21st Centuries is the Problem of the Worldwide Colorline

The problem of the 20th Century was the problem of the colorline . And now with Brexit, French anti-immigrant Rightwing party , Italian rise of fascists , Poland , etc. , the KKK - Republican Party in the US , the colorline is also the problem of the 21st ! The chickens of colonialism have come home to roost ! <



“In his 1903 book The Souls of Black Folk, Du Bois used the phrase in his introduction, titled "The Forethought", writing: "This meaning is not without interest to you, Gentle Reader; for the problem of the Twentieth Century is the problem of color line". The phrase occurs again in the book's second essay, "Of the Dawn of Freedom", at both its beginning and its end. At the outset of the essay, Du Bois writes: "The problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color-line—the relation of the darker to the lighter races of men ( humans) in Asia and Africa, in America and the islands of the sea". At the end of the essay, Du Bois truncates his statement to: "The problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color-line", the more frequently quoted version of the sentiment.[7]” Color line (racism) en.wikipedia.org


The problem of the 20th Century was the problem of the colorline . And now with Brexit, French anti-immigrant Rightwing party , Italian rise of fascists , Poland , etc. , the KKK - Republican Party in the US , the colorline is also the problem of the 21st ! The chickens of colonialism have come home to roost !


"The term color line was originally used as a reference to the racial segregation that existed in the United States after the abolition of slavery. An article by Frederick Douglass that was titled "The Color Line"[1] was published in the North American Review in 1881. The phrase gained fame after W. E. B. Du Bois' repeated use of it in his 1903 book The Souls of Black Folk.


The phrase sees current usage as a reference to modern racial discrimination in the United Statesand legalized segregation after the abolition of slavery and the civil rights movement.


History

It is difficult to find an exact origin of the phrase "the color line." However, the phrase appeared frequently in newspapers during the Reconstruction era with specific reference to divisions between blacks and whites. <



For example, the July 7, 1869, issue of the Richmond Virginia Dispatch described a "color line" running between two candidates for governor. Most uses of the term in the 1870s were in newspapers from former slave states and dealt with elections. A search of Newspapers.com indicates the phrase appeared in newspapers with increasing frequency from 1873 on. Early usage includes an 1871 address as part of an anniversary celebration of the New England Society. At that event General Horace Porter referred to the color line as being the result of being in battle alongside black troops in Virginia which his audience found humorous.[2]


The term occurs several times in testimony during a United States Senate inquiry into the Mississippi election of 1875.


J.W. Lee, previously Mayor of Aberdeen, Mississippi and Sheriff of Monroe County in the same state identified the policy of the Democrats as "the color line policy."[3]


In 1881 Frederick Douglass published an article with that title in the North American Review. He likened the color line to a disease of morality and gives seven propositions against it.[4]


At the First Pan-African Conference in London in July 1900, the delegates adopted an "Address to the Nations of the World", drafted by Du Bois and to which he was a signatory, that contained the sentence: "The problem of the Twentieth Century is the problem of the colour-line".[5]


Use by Du Bois

Du Bois introduces the concept of the color line in his 1899 work The Philadelphia Negro when discussing social interactions between the black and white inhabitants of Philadelphia. 'In all walks of life the Negro is liable to meet some objection to his presence or some discourteous treatment; and the ties of friendship or memory seldom are strong enough to hold across the color line.'


[6]Du Bois goes on to illustrate this by discussing various social contexts in which the black American is faced with social dilemmas as to whether or not to enter white-dominated spaces: to not enter is to be "blamed for indifference", but to do so means "he is liable to have his feelings hurt and get into unpleasant altercation".


In his 1903 book The Souls of Black Folk, Du Bois used the phrase in his introduction, titled "The Forethought", writing: "This meaning is not without interest to you, Gentle Reader; for the problem of the Twentieth Century is the problem of color line". The phrase occurs again in the book's second essay, "Of the Dawn of Freedom", at both its beginning and its end. At the outset of the essay, Du Bois writes: "The problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color-line—the relation of the darker to the lighter races of men in Asia and Africa, in America and the islands of the sea". At the end of the essay, Du Bois truncates his statement to: "The problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color-line", the more frequently quoted version of the sentiment.[7]

Ample nuance exists among the three versions of Du Bois’ prediction in The Souls of Black Folk, as within a very short amount of text Du Bois provides the reader with three incarnations of the thought. Some of the difference may be the result of the original serialization of the work, as parts of this book were originally serialized, many in The Atlantic Monthly. The first reference draws the reader in with a direct reference, while the second goes so far as to identify all of the areas in the world where Du Bois believed the color-line was "the problem of the twentieth century". All imply, whether directly or passively, that the color-line extends outside the bounds of the United States.


Du Bois’ changing attitude toward the phrase Many decades later, in 1952, nine years before he moved to Ghana,[8] Du Bois wrote an essay for Jewish Life magazine about his experiences during a trip to Poland and his changing attitude toward his phrase "the color-line". In the short essay, entitled "The Negro and the Warsaw Ghetto", Du Bois wrote about his three trips to Poland, particularly his third in 1949, during which he viewed the remains of the Warsaw Ghetto. Du Bois wrote: The result of these three visits, and particularly of my view of the Warsaw ghetto, was not so much clearer understanding of the Jewish problem in the world as it was a real and complete understanding of the Negro problem. In the first place, the problem of slavery, emancipation and caste in the United States was no longer in my mind a separate and unique thing as I had so long conceived it. It was not even solely a matter of color and physical and racial characteristics, which was particularly a hard thing for me to learn, since for a lifetime the color line had been a real and efficient cause of misery.

He goes on to write: "No, the race problem in which I was interested cut across lines of color and physique and belief and status and was a matter of cultural patterns, perverted teaching and human hate and prejudice, which reached all sorts of people and caused endless evil to all men."[9] These quotations are of note because they reflect an expansion of Du Bois’ original definition of the color-line to include discrimination beyond that of color discrimination, Du Bois also pared down his definition to acknowledge that the "problem of the color-line" as he initially imagined it existed in the United States and did not manifest itself identically across the world. Though discrimination existed everywhere, Du Bois expanded his mindset to include discrimination beyond that of simply black versus white. Use in 20th-century literature and literary theory

Both the quote and the phrase can be found in numerous texts of the 20th century, both academic and non-academic alike. Langston Hughes uses the phrase in his autobiography, writing: "In Cleveland, a liberal city, the color-line began to be drawn tighter and tighter. Theaters and restaurants in the downtown area began to refuse to accommodate colored people. Landlords doubled and tripled their rent at the approach of a dark tenant."[10] Closer to the end of the twentieth century, Karla F.C. Holloway, a professor of English at Duke University, centered her keynote address to the National Conference of Researchers of English on this sentence, saying: "Perhaps while sitting in his den or maybe in the midst of academic clutter at his university office, Du Bois penned the epic words that will center my reflections in this essay – 'The problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color line.'"[11]

It is important to note that in much of the general usage of the quote, the "problem of the color-line" is implied as only a problem in the United States. However, in Du Bois’ initial writing, he extended the problem across much of the world to "Asia", "Africa", and "the islands of the sea". Du Bois’ thought in "Of the Dawn of Freedom" implied a universal exclusivity, of "color" as the greatest problem of the 20th century. The general use of the term the "color-line" however, is usually in reference to the United States, a possibility Du Bois did not acknowledge in his initial essays. Current usage Edit The phrase circulates in modern vernacular as well as literary theory. For example, Newsweekpublished a piece by Anna Quindlen entitled "The Problem of the Color Line," about the continuing plague of racial discrimination in the United States.[12] The phrase does not only find use in the print world, either. PBS created a series entitled America Beyond the Color Line with Henry Louis Gates, Jr., a documentary series that looked at communities of African Americans in four areas of the United States.[13] The phrase's current use in modern journalism reflects a continued use of the phrase even through the legalized segregation that continued after the abolition of slavery. It reflects a dual meaning of the phrase; one aspect of which reflects a color line created by the law, and the other of which reflects the de facto disparity between life for African Americans in the United States and life for other citizens. The term was also popularized during the emergence of Pentecostalism as it grew in North America. During a religious meeting – the Azusa Street Revival – held in Los Angeles from 1906 to 1909, the journalist, observer, and early adherent Frank Bartlemanfamously said, "It seemed that everyone had to go to “Azusa.” ... There were far more white people than colored coming. The “color line” was washed away in the blood."[14] References Edit 1. ^ Douglass, Frederick (June 1, 1881). "The Color Line". The North American Review. p. 567. Volume 132. 2. ^ "Anniversary Celebration of the New England Society in the City of New York. 66th-71st 1871-1876." HathiTrust. 3. ^ Congressional Serial Set. (1876). United States: U.S. Government Printing Office "Google Books." 4. ^ Douglass, Frederick, "The Color Line : Douglass, Frederick", The North American Review, Volume 132. Internet Archive, June 1, 1881, . Accessed February 13, 2020. 5. ^ Peter Fryer, Staying Power: The History of Black People in Britain, London: Pluto Press, 1984, p. 285. 6. ^ Du Bois, W. E. B., The Philadelphia Negro, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996, p. 325. 7. ^ Du Bois, W. E. B., The Souls of Black Folk, New York: New American Library, Inc, 1903, pp. 10, 29. 8. ^ "William Edward Burghardt Du Bois"Archived February 12, 2008, at the Wayback Machine naacp.org, February 24, 2008. 9. ^ W. E. B. Du Bois, "The Negro and the Warsaw Ghetto," Jewish Life, 1952, reprinted in Phil Zuckerman (ed.), The Social Theory of W. E. B. Du Bois, Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press, 2004, pp. 45–46. 10. ^ Hughes, Langston. The Big Sea (1940). New York: Hill and Wang, 1993. 11. ^ Holloway, Karla F. C. "Cultural Politics in the Academic Community: Masking the Color Line", College English; 55; (1993): 610–617. 12. ^ Quindlen, Anna. "The Problem of the Color Line". Newsweek. Newsweek, Inc. March 13, 2000. 13. ^ pbs.org/ gates on the Colorline. 14. ^ Bartleman, Frank (1980). How Pentecost Came to Los Angeles. Republished as Azusa Street. Plainfield, New Jersey: Logos International. ISBN 978-0-88270-439-5. * The Color Line. Les artistes africains-americains et la segregation, Musee du quai Branly, Paris cb at 8:36 AM

Commentaries On Toby Terrar's "The New Social History and Colonial America's Press Legacy" In his article "The New Social History and Colonial America's Press Legacy: Tyranny or Freedom?" (Nature, Society and Thought, vol. 2, no.1 [1989]:45-75), Toby Terrar uses a creative, almost poetic approach in analyzing the free-press tradition of the United States. However, as I have said to him in our several exchanges over this topic, I would like to see him take more account of the general historical framework sketched by Marx and Engels in the Manifesto of the Communist Party.<


Colonial America was largely the result of the bourgeoisie, the "Europeans, "chasing... over the whole surface of the globe" and nestling, settling, and establishing connections everywhere in the need for a constantly expanding market, as feudalism gave way to capitalism. The bourgeoisie was contradictorily both a revolutionary and an emerging exploiting ruling class at the time the U.S. Con- stitution and the ideas behind it were being conceived and born. At the time of the American Revolution, the colonial bourgeoisie had an added revolutionary dimension in that they were fighting against British imperialism.


It is true that the oppressed groups and classes - indigenous Americans, African Americans, women, religious minorities, and poor farmers and workers- were struggling, and this struggle contributed to the freedom principles enshrined in the Constitution. But, from the Marxist standpoint, the main content of the U.S. Constitution, including the First Amendment clause on press freedom, is a reflection of emerging bourgeois values and relations of production; and, since the Constitution was written at a time when the bourgeoisie was still a revolutionary class, it is a progressive document for the era of its origin. Professor Aptheker has made this point in several writings, including Early Years of the Republic.


The oppressed groups and classes from the colonial era, uponwhich Terrar focuses, at most share with the colonial bourgeoisie the main influence on the original Constitution. Terrar attributes to the farmers, artisans, laborers, Quakers, Indians, Blacks, women, and others of the time the political and economic wherewithal and objective social base for a level of liberation struggle that really only comes about with the creation of the industrial working class.


The advanced free press, and other ideas of the day have a sort of utopian-socialist objective base - Quaker communities and other immigrants seeking religious freedom, primitive-communist indigenous communities, Jeffersonian farmers, slaves seeking freedom.

These formations are not, however, the main ancestral units of U.S. social and economic history. The main development of the United States is as modern industrial capitalism and its ancestral formation is colonial manufacture and mercantile capitalism, not the utopian-like socialist communities mentioned above. It is as capitalism that the U.S. system gives rise to a working class (with critical ally roles for oppressed nationalities, farmers, and women); that is the objective basis for our higher-level understanding of the potential of the First Amendment and the Constitution.


Thus, I have limited support for an approach that implies that the Constitution has been fully or inherently socialist from the beginning; or that we just need the historical facts to show that Constitutional original intent was really socialist; or that the First Amendment was conceived in a concrete, materialist way. No, the Constitution's original intent was a bourgeois precursor to socialist ideas just as capitalism is a precursor to socialism.

One might say Terrar reinterprets the Constitution; the point is to change it. An active and dialectical approach is needed: a negation of the negation, wherein there is a qualitative break with some of the old in the Constitution, while preserving the progressive old in it. That qualitative break may take the political and legal form of a mass movement for constitutional amendment; in the case of press freedom, an addendum to the First Amendment. This would include the right to put the mass media to use for the benefit of the vast majority of the people and exclude the broadcast of racist, anti-working-class, and warmongering ideas. The Constitution in 1787-91 was again a reflection of the contradictory revolutionary-exploiting bourgeois class and of the precursor (utopian) socialist oppressed groups and classes. The First Amendment reflects this complex class situation. Terrar has described it from the standpoint of the oppressed classes, but the First Amendment also reflects the bourgeoisie's class struggle with the feudal ruling class and the national-liberation struggle against British imperialism.


Therein is bourgeois idealism's emphasis on reason and therefore freedom of thought - speech, religion, press -without primary attention to being -food, shelter, work. The bourgeois-idealist philosophers' influence (and the influence of the idealism among the oppressed groups Terrar highlights) limited the First Amendment freedoms to relative abstractions. Advance comes through a qualitative development of the concept of freedom in a manner that parallels Marx and Engels's materialist critique of Hegel and other idealists, requiring the concrete basis for real, mass press and speech freedom.


The First Amendment most fully encapsulates the idealist notion that freedom of thought is the highest priority in a free society. The prime importance the framers gave to thought (over being) reflects that issue's status as the main question of philosophy, as Engels labeled it. This may be why it was dealt with in the very first amendment. In other words, as idealists, the framers thought that if they guaranteed freedom of ideas, then freedom of being would follow. Materialists, of course, hold that freedom of being is a necessary foundation for freedom of thought and ideas.


In sum, a dialectical- and historical-materialist approach to the heritage of free press in the United States will be a powerful counter to cold-war distortions of that tradition.


John Henry ( Charles Brown) Detroit, Michigan<


BIBLIOGRAPHY Aptheker, Herbert. Early Years of the Republic. New York: Interna- tional, 1976.


Engels, Frederick, and Marx, Karl. Manifesto of the Communist Party. In vol. 6 of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Collected Works. New York: International, 1976. <


Nature, Society, and Thought NST a Journal of Dialectical and Historical Materialism EDITOR: Erwin Marquit (physics, Univ. of Minnesota) MANUSCRIPT EDITOR: Leo Auerbach (English education, retired Jersey City State College) EDITORIAL STAFF: Gerald M. Erickson, Doris Grieser, April Ane Knutson, Joel Swartz, William L. Rowe, and Judy Schwartzbacker ASSOCIATE EDITORS: Herbert Aptheker (history, Univ. of Calif. Law School/ Berkeley) Andrew M. Blasko (grad. stud., philosophy, Duquesne Univ.) Jan Carew (African-American studies, Northwestern Univ.) Gerald M. Erickson (classics, Univ. of Minnesota) Angela Gilliam (anthropology, SUNY College at Old Westbury) George Hampsch (philosophy, College of the Holy Cross) Viktoria Hertling (German, Univ. of Nevada) Gerald A. Horne (African-American studies, Univ. of Calif./Santa Barbara) Jack Kurzweil (electrical engineering, San Jose State Univ.) James Lawler (philosophy, State Univ. of New York/Buffalo) Sara Fletcher Luther (political sociology) Rinda Lundstrom (theater arts, Univ. of Louisville) Philip Moran (philosophy, Triton College) Michael Parenti (political science, Howard Univ.) Howard L. Parsons (philosophy, Univ. of Bridgeport) William L. Rowe (anthropology, Univ. of Minnesota) Epifanio San Juan, Jr. (English, Univ. of Connecticut) Judith Schwartzbacker (grad. stud., philosophy, Univ. of Minnesota) José A. Soler (journalism) Ethel Tobach (comparative psychology, City Univ. of New York) Daniel Todes (history and sociology of science, Johns Hopkins Univ.) ISSUE EDITOR, VOL. 2, NO. 4 (OCTOBER 1989): Stephen Jay Gold BOOK-REVIEW EDITOR: Doris Grieser Copyright © 1989 Marxist Educational Press



Nature, Society, and Thought 1989 Vol. 2, No. 4 CONTENTS 401 ANNOUNCEMENTS ARTICLES Eugene Dennis Vrana, Comic Strips As Propaganda: 403 The New Deal Experience Willis H. Truitt, On the Question of Technological 421 Determinism Ed Beechert, Patterns of Resistance and Social Relations of Production: The Case of Hawaii 443 Herbert Shapiro, Labor and Antislavery: Reflections 471 on the Literature Günter Walch, Conrad's Hamlets, Intertextuality, and the Process of History 491 COMMENTARIES → Charles D. Brown John Henry, On Terrar's "The New Social History and Colonial America's Press Legacy" 505 Steven Jay Gold, On Truitt's "On the Question of Technological Determinism," with response by Truitt 508 BOOK REVIEWS Gerald A. Horne: Discriminate Deterrence: Report of the Commission on Integrated Long-Term Strategy April Ane Knutson: Black Feminist Criticism: Perspectives on Black Women Writers by Barbara Christian 517 521 AUTHOR AND TITLE INDEX TO VOLUME 2 527

Jesse Jackson

http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2014/05/i-d-rather-have-roosevelt-in-wheelchair.html

2024 election white race riot : Republican Trump support in 2024 linked to white Americans' perception of falling to the bottom of the racial hierarchy

2024 election white race riot : Republican Trump support in 2024 linked to white Americans' perception of falling to the bottom of the racial hierarchy.<


white trump voters are denying the reality they are at the top of the racial hierarchy by far , still. For example, average white wealth is ten times average Black wealth . Average white life expectancy is higher than Black. <



https://l.smartnews.com/p-7bpuy0RG/WaAvxO



A new study published in the journal Advances in Psychology sheds light on the psychological factors that influenced voting behavior in the 2024 U.S. presidential election. The findings suggest that White Americans who perceive themselves as ranking at the bottom of the racial economic hierarchy-specifically those who feel tied with Black Americans—were the most likely to support Donald Trump. These individuals also expressed the strongest opposition to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEl) initiatives.<



The United States currently exhibits a significant racial wealth gap. Economic statistics consistently show that the average White family holds considerably more wealth than the average Black or Hispanic family. Despite this objective reality, previous polling indicates that many White Americans feel as though they are personally falling behind in terms of their sta-tus. Psychological theories regarding "relative deprivation" suggest that people evaluate their well-being by comparing themselves to others rather than by looking at their resources in iso-lation.


The authors of the new research aimed to understand how these subjective comparisons influence political attitudes. Specifically, they investigated where non-Hispanic White individuals think they stand compared to their own, and other, racial groups. Previous research identified a phenomenon known as "last place aversion," where people fear being at the very bottom of a social hierarchy. <


This line of research was motivated by recent political trends among some White Americans, including support for DEI bans, alignment with alt-right ideology, and endorsement of political violence in pursuit of political goals (e.g., January 6th),” explained study authors Erin Cooley and Jazmin Brown-Iannuzzi, associate professors of psychology at Colgate University and the University of Virginia, respectively. “Many of these attitudes are not only extreme but also anti-democratic, raising questions about how such views can coexist with identities centered on being ‘most American’ (e.g., White nationalist belief systems).”


For their study, the researchers recruited a representative sample of 506 non-Hispanic White Americans. They utilized a quota system to ensure the group accurately reflected the U.S. population in terms of age, gender, education, and geographic region. The study employed a longitudinal design, collecting data in five distinct waves from early September 2024 through the days immediately following the November presidential election.


The primary tool used to assess status was a measure called the “Perceived Self-Group Hierarchy,” developed by the study authors. Participants viewed a diagram representing a status ladder based on money, education, and job prestige. They were asked to place markers representing themselves, White people, Black people, Asian people, and Hispanic people onto this ladder. If participants wanted to indicate no difference among racial groups, they could place all icons in the same spot.


Using a statistical technique called Latent Profile Analysis, the researchers identified distinct subgroups based on how they viewed the social hierarchy. One group, comprising about 15% of the sample, fit a “last place (tied)” profile. These individuals perceived themselves as ranking below White, Asian, and Hispanic Americans. Notably, they viewed themselves as tied for the bottom position with Black Americans. In this profile, the participants also perceived the entire hierarchy as a “tight race,” meaning they felt the gaps between racial groups were relatively small.


The researchers found a consistent link between this “last place” profile and specific political views. White Americans who fit this profile reported the highest levels of support for Donald Trump throughout the campaign season. They also expressed the strongest intention to vote for him. When surveyed the day after the election, this group was the most likely to report having cast their ballot for Trump.


Beyond voting choices, this group showed the strongest opposition to DEI programs, favoring policies that would ban such initiatives in universities. Additionally, they showed higher alignment with alt-right ideologies, agreeing more frequently with statements such as “White people are generally under attack in the U.S.” and “The government threatens my personal rights.”


Importantly, the researchers found that these attitudes were not driven by actual poverty. The researchers controlled for objective indicators of socioeconomic status, such as income and education levels. They found that belonging to the “last place” profile predicted Trump support and anti-DEI attitudes regardless of how much money or education the participant actually had.



“We originally hypothesized that we would observe a subset of non-Hispanic, White Americans who feel ‘last place.’ That said, we expected this profile to be more likely among working class individuals,” Cooley told PsyPost. “However, perceiving oneself to be ‘last place’ was not associated with the lowest objective income nor the lowest objective education among the White Americans in our samples.”



According to Cooley, because these individuals are not objectively the lowest in status, the findings suggest that “racialized perceptions—rather than objective socioeconomic position—are reliably associated with the political outcomes examined here.”



The researchers also examined whether these feelings intensified as the election drew closer. They hypothesized that political campaigning might heighten status anxieties. However, the data showed that the relationship between profile membership and political support was stable over the three months. The link between feeling “last place” and supporting Trump was just as strong in September as it was in November.



“Although the effects are modest at the individual level—as is typical in political psychology—the consistency of the pattern across large samples with census-based quotas suggests meaningful practical significance,” Cooley noted. “When a psychologically distinct subgroup consistently emerges and is reliably associated with support for certain policies and votes cast in a presidential election, even small effects can matter at the population level.”



As with all research, there are limitations to consider. The design was correlational, which means it cannot prove that feeling “last place” causes someone to vote a certain way. It is possible that the relationship works in the opposite direction. Engaging with certain political media or movements could cultivate or intensify feelings of being left behind.



“One potential misinterpretation is that political outcomes are driven simply by feelings of falling behind other White Americans,” Cooley noted. “Indeed, across these studies, and others, we find that many White Americans perceive themselves as falling behind the perceived high status of ‘White Americans.'”



“However, when used as a predictor on its own, this perception of falling behind White people in particular does not predict political outcomes. Instead, it is the full pattern of how individuals perceive their own status relative to both other White Americans and Asian, Hispanic, and Black Americans that is predictive of alt-right tendencies, support for President Trump, and support for DEI bans.”



For future inquiries, the scientists plan to use mixed-methods research. This would involve interviewing participants to understand the personal life experiences that lead a White American to feel they are tied for last place in the economic hierarchy. Qualitative interviews could reveal the narratives and specific life events that shape these statistical profiles.



“At present, we have a limited understanding of the factors and life experiences that shape perceptions of personal status within the perceived racial economic hierarchy, particularly ‘last place’ perceptions,” Cooley said. “As a next step, we are moving toward mixed-methods approaches that combine quantitative analyses of racialized status perception profiles with structured follow-up interviews of participants—such as those classified into the “last place” profile based on their responses.”



Another limitation is the focus solely on non-Hispanic White Americans. The researchers chose this focus because of the group’s historically advantaged position in the U.S. racial hierarchy. However, this limits the ability to generalize the findings to other racial or ethnic groups. The dynamics of status perception likely operate differently for Black, Hispanic, or Asian Americans. Some initial data suggests that Hispanic Americans may be more likely to see themselves as “first place” than “last place,” presenting an interesting contrast to non-Hispanic White Americans’ status perceptions captured in the work reviewed here.



“Among Hispanic Americans, rather than a subset who feel ‘last place,’ we consistently observe a subset of Hispanic Americans who perceive themselves as close to, or tied for, ‘first place,’ and it is this subset of Hispanic Americans who are most supportive of alt-right ideology, President Trump, and DEI bans,” Cooley told PsyPost.



“Interestingly, Hispanic Americans who also identify as White are most likely to fall into these ‘first place’ profiles. We are currently testing competing theoretical explanations for these divergent patterns between non-Hispanic and Hispanic White Americans using additional mixed-methods research.” <


The study, “White Americans’ feelings of being ‘last place’ are associated with anti-DEI attitudes, Trump support, and Trump vote during the 2024 U.S. presidential election,” was authored by Alisa Kukharkin, Fiona Barber, Erin Cooley, Nava Caluori, Xanni Brown, Anshita Singh, William Cipolli, and Jazmin L. Brown-Iannuzzi.

Labor Power Blog : Culturally inherited adaptations give human species high Darwinian fitness; symbolic inheritance/ culture/ ancestor veneration/ custom gives genus Homo species a LaMarckian-LIKE natural selection ( not literally inheritance of acquired characteristics in the LaMarckian sense of the “how did the giraffe evolve a long neck ?” thought experiment);gives Natural Selection adaptive advantage to Genus Homo . <


http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2021/05/culturally-inherited-adaptations-give.html<



Culture gave humans more labor power , smarter labor power . <



'Absolute surprise': Homo erectus skulls found in China are almost 1.8 million years old - the oldest evidence of the ancient human relatives in East Asia<



https:///.smartnews.com/p-7bPoLCXm/. sQutDR <




https://l.smartnews.com/p-7c3YXWko/vzxza2



Ancient humans arrived in East Asia hundreds of thousands of years earlier than thought Vishwam Sankaran <


Human ancestor species Homo erectus arrived in East Asia hundreds of thousands of years earlier than previously thought, a new fossil discovery in China shows.Homo erectus, a distant ancestor of modern humans, originated in Africa and dispersed into Eurasia. The precise time of their arrival in eastern Asia has long been a matter of debate.


The oldest H erectus fossil found in this part of the world came from Yunxian, China, dated to nearly 1.1 million years ago. However, a new fossil study confirms the species appeared in Yunxian 1.7 million years ago, about 600,000 years earlier than previous research indicated. <


The finding rewrites our understanding of early human dispersal in the region. It indicates our prehistoric hominin ancestors spread across Asia earlier, faster, and possibly more successfully than once thought. <

Magnum Opus

http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2021/05/culturally-inherited-adaptations-give.html <


http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2026/02/baseball-blog-culturally-inherited.html

Reagan and Bush broke Soviet Socialism, giving Imperialism new markets to exploit , a boost ; that’s the opposite of breaking capitalism. <



Trump is ( for some reason ) accelerating so-called de-dollarization , undermining the dollar’s status as reserve currency. And ( for some reason ) attacking America’s sub-imperialist allies with tariffs , demanding that Canada become a state (!) which undermines the G-7 imperialism’s unity , NATO’s unity . He’s also claiming that American imperialism has been ripped off by having a trade deficit by buying more in trade than it makes to trade , which really is cockeyed , since obviously American capital set it up like this so they could rip off other countries . So, Trump is seemingly substantially breaking up the current imperialist regime and American capitalism . Why ? It seems to be because he believes some really stupid “economics” and that he’s CEO of the World . Maybe ?


https://youtu.be/voGxZzk-6vM?si=yqgfsueGn7d1BDDr<




On Feb 14, 2026, at 9:36 PM, CE Jannuzi wrote: 


It still comes down to the repeated arguments about continuity of government / the deep state vs. this or that leader being somehow unique vis-a-vis that continuity of government.


Ever since the near-collapse of the deep state over the Vietnam War, it's been pretty much continuity of government from Reagan onward. I have been off and on listening to those two academic gasbags about the collapse of American capitalism for over two decades.


Reagan was going to break American capitalism.

Poppy Bush was going to break American capitalism.

Shrubya was going to break American capitalism and wreck the American empire.

Now Trump is going to do that.


IF he does, he will have had a lot of help in doing so and loads of people, including a strong coalition of tendencies from within the deep state.


1. He continues with the ruinous policies of American energy independence, which requires huge costs to extract and refine all that North American fossil fuels in shale formations, tar sands, deep Gulf etc. Since all of it costs 2-3 times what Russian, Iranian and Venezuelan fossil fuels cost, American energy independence is not profitable in a capitalist system. Not only has this policy stuck Americans with high energy costs, the US deep state is now making the rest of the world pay for those costs. But is it capitalism?


2. The US then got into trying to move silicon chip production back to the US. This got into full swing under the Democrats actually. But Trump continues to embrace it, despite it now approaching a disaster almost as big as energy independence. But again, is it capitalism?


3. Trump is now identified with making unprecedented moves with tariffs. But the tariffication of 'free trade' goes way back. Let's just take a look at some example. Reagan and steel and aluminum tariffs. Poppy Bush forcing Japan out of processor chip production and onto strict quotas over the trade of silicon chips and automobiles and parts. Again, is any of this really capitalism?

If you support Republican Trump, you are racist ; if you deny Trump is racist , you are racist .

<



https://www.instagram.com/reel/DUbYyUGEoUW/?igsh=cmYzdzNkcjJtdnl6

http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2022/01/shortening-of-work-day-is-realm-of.html

http://take10charles.blogspot.com/2017/02/more-leisure-is-homo-sapiens-species.html

REPUBLICAN TRUMP LOSES IT! Trump gets HUMILIATED Rally Crowd WALKS OUT Early!! youtu.be <



Fox News <<<<




REPUBLICAN TRUMP FALLING APART Trump Falls Apart Staff Handling Him Legacy Panic & Black History Erasure youtube <



Naturally; it's Black History Month

Venceremos" (often misspelled as venceramos) is a Spanish phrase meaning "we will overcome" or "we will win". It is a renowned political slogan, battle cry, and song title associated with left-wing movements, famously used in the Spanish Civil War, the Cuban Revolution, and by the Venceremos Brigade. <


Key Associations:

Venceremos Song: A 1970 song by Claudio Iturra and Sergio Ortega for Salvador Allende's campaign.


Venceremos Brigade: A political organization formed in 1969 that organizes volunteer trips from the US to Cuba.


Radio Venceremos: The radio station of the FMLN guerrillas during the El Salvador Civil War.


Literal Translation: "Venceramos" is the first-person plural pluperfect indicative of vencer (we had overcome), but is generally used in the context of the future-tense rallying cry venceremos. The phrase symbolizes perseverance, solidarity, and ultimate victory in political struggle. Venceremos - Wikipedia Look up venceremos in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Venceremos is a Spanish and Portuguese word meaning "we will overcome", or "we will win". Venceremos may ... Wikipedia venceramos - Wiktionary, the free dictionary first-person plural pluperfect indicative of vencer. Wiktionary, the free dictionary Venceremos Brigade - Wikipedia The yearly brigade trips, which as of 2010 have brought more than 9,000 people to Cuba, continue today and are coordinated with the Pastors For Peace Friendship... Wikipedia

<


Maybe Gemini AI is hallucinating here, but I think I mostly agree with its analysis.

------------------------------ The convergence of Skinnerian behaviorism and the US prison industrial complex has created a system where the "shaping" of behavior is often indistinguishable from the mechanisms of a modern gulag. When operant conditioning is scaled to an industrial level, the focus shifts from individual rehabilitation to the efficient management of a permanent underclass. In this context, the prison is not merely a place of temporary correction but a sophisticated "Skinner box" designed for mass incapacitation.


The expansion of the prison industrial complex has turned behavioral modification into a profit-driven enterprise. By treating incarcerated populations as data points to be managed through strict punishment-reward cycles—such as the loss of basic human contact or the promise of "good time" credits—the system prioritizes compliance over reform. This reflects a dark interpretation of Skinner’s "Beyond Freedom and Dignity," where the state assumes total control over the environment to dictate the boundaries of human agency.

Ultimately, the marriage of behaviorism and mass incarceration has resulted in a system that focuses on the suppression of symptoms rather than the cure of social ills. By viewing crime strictly as a behavioral failure to be extinguished through punitive stimuli, the US criminal justice system often ignores the systemic poverty and inequality that influence those behaviors in the first place. This results in a self-perpetuating cycle where the prison serves as a warehouse for those the system has failed to "condition" into the broader economy, cementing the prison industrial complex as a dominant, and arguably dehumanizing, force in American life.

<


Jim Farmelant :To some extent, I would say that Gemini is hallucinating insomuch as it seems to be confusing Skinnerian behaviorism with other varieties of behaviorism and behavior modification. The material that you quoted from Gemini is about attempting to use punishment to discourage criminal behavior. But Skinner was famously skeptical about precisely that. He pointed out that punishment is very often ineffective in eliminating the behaviors being punished. In his opinion, it was usually more effective to use positive reinforcement to strengthen behaviors that are incompatible with the behaviors that we want to eliminate.

For the fun of it, I asked ChatGPT, if B. F. Skinner would have been willing to support prison abolition. Its response was as follows.

------------------------------------------------------------------------ That’s a really interesting question. The short answer is: very likely he would have supported radically transforming prisons—and possibly replacing them—but not simply abolishing them overnight without alternatives.

Here’s why.

Skinner’s General View of Punishment

B. F. Skinner was one of the most forceful critics of punishment in modern psychology. In works like Science and Human Behavior (1953) and Beyond Freedom and Dignity (1971), he argued that:

Punishment does not eliminate behavior, it only suppresses it temporarily.

It often produces side effects like fear, aggression, avoidance, and resentment.

Societies over-rely on punishment instead of designing environments that reinforce desirable behavior.


Prisons, in his framework, are institutions built almost entirely around punishment and coercive control.

What Would That Mean for Prisons?

From a Skinnerian standpoint:

Incarceration as punishment is ineffective. Locking people up after the fact does not reliably produce long-term behavioral change.

Rehabilitation should focus on positive reinforcement.

If criminal behavior is shaped by environmental contingencies, then the solution is to redesign those contingencies—education, skills training, social reinforcement, economic supports—not retribution.


Prevention is more important than punishment.

Skinner believed that a scientifically designed society could prevent much of what we call crime by structuring environments properly.

Would He Have Supported Abolition?

He probably would have supported something close to what today might be called transformative or rehabilitative justice, but framed in behavioral terms rather than moral ones.

However: Skinner was not an anarchist.

He believed in behavioral control, but wanted it to be rational, scientific, and humane rather than punitive and moralistic.


He accepted that society must protect itself from dangerous behavior <


So he likely would have argued:

Yes, traditional punitive prisons are dysfunctional.

Yes, they should be replaced.

But with behavioral engineering systems that reshape conduct through structured reinforcement, not with a simple elimination of confinement.

In his utopian novel Walden Two, he imagines a community that prevents crime largely through environmental design, minimizing the need for harsh sanctions.

A Key Tension

Here’s the deeper issue:

Skinner opposed punishment not because it violates “rights” or “dignity” (he was skeptical of those liberal categories), but because it doesn’t work well as behavioral technology.

That means:

He might support eliminating prisons as punitive institutions.

But he would absolutely support structured, even intensive, behavioral management for individuals who pose risks.

In modern terms, he would likely favor:

Behavioral treatment centers

Contingency-management systems

Reinforcement-based rehabilitation

Early environmental intervention to prevent crime

Not abolition in the purely political sense of “tear them down,” but abolition in the functional sense of “replace punishment with scientific behavior design.”

------------------------------------------------------------------ I then asked the AI how Skinner's views concerning prisons would compare with those of Angela Davis. Its response is as follows.


That’s a rich comparison, because B. F. Skinner and Angela Davis both criticize prisons—but from almost opposite philosophical starting points.

Let’s lay it out clearly.

1. Their Core Critique of Prisons

Skinner: Prisons Don’t Work (Technically)

Skinner’s critique is behavioral and instrumental:


Punishment suppresses behavior temporarily but does not eliminate it.


It produces harmful side effects (fear, aggression, avoidance).


It fails to reshape the environmental contingencies that generate criminal behavior.


For Skinner, prisons are inefficient behavior-control technologies.

He would say:


If your goal is reducing crime, prisons are a badly designed system.

The problem is not primarily moral—it’s scientific.<


Comrade Angela Davis: Prisons Are Structurally Oppressive In works like Are Prisons Obsolete?, Davis argues that: Prisons are embedded in racism, capitalism, and class domination. They function as tools of social control, especially against Black and poor communities. They obscure deeper structural inequalities. For Davis, prisons are not just ineffective—they are part of a racial-capitalist power structure. The problem is political and moral. 2. Abolition: Similar Word, Different Meaning Angela Davis → Explicit Abolition Davis supports prison abolition in a political sense: Gradual dismantling of the prison-industrial complex. Reinvestment in education, housing, healthcare, and social welfare. Community-based alternatives to incarceration. Transformative justice instead of retribution. Her abolitionism is rooted in: Marxism Critical race theory Feminism Anti-capitalism It is a structural transformation project. Skinner → Functional Replacement Skinner likely would support eliminating punitive prisons—but: Not because they are oppressive. Because they are behaviorally inefficient. And only if replaced with scientifically designed systems of behavioral management. He did not reject: Social control. Institutional regulation. Behavioral engineering. In fact, he openly advocated deliberate environmental design to shape behavior. So while Davis wants to dismantle coercive institutions, Skinner wants to redesign them. 3. Freedom and Control This is where they diverge most sharply. Skinner In Beyond Freedom and Dignity, Skinner argues: “Freedom” and “dignity” are misleading concepts. All societies control behavior. The real question is whether control is effective and humane. He rejects liberal individualism. Davis Davis sees prisons as violating: Human dignity Racial justice Collective freedom Her abolitionism is explicitly emancipatory. She would likely view Skinner’s “behavioral engineering” with suspicion, as another form of technocratic control. 4. Points of Convergence Interestingly, they do overlap in some ways: Both reject retributive punishment. Both emphasize prevention over revenge. Both stress environmental causes of crime. Both criticize moralistic blame narratives. They would agree that: Crime is socially produced. But they disagree about what follows from that. 5. The Deep Philosophical Divide At bottom: Davis: Crime emerges from structural injustice → change economic and racial power relations. Skinner: Crime emerges from maladaptive reinforcement contingencies → redesign behavioral environments. Davis centers power and political economy. Skinner centers behavioral science and conditioning. If We Put It Dialectically (Given Your Interests) You’ve written extensively on Marxism and dialectical materialism. From that standpoint: Davis treats prisons as a superstructural expression of capitalist racial order. Skinner treats them as malfunctioning behavioral technology within a broader system of social control. A Marxist might argue that Skinner under-theorizes power and class relations. A Skinnerian might argue that Davis under-specifies the concrete behavioral mechanisms needed to reduce harm. If you'd like, we could push this further: Would a reconstructed dialectical materialism (along the lines you’ve proposed) integrate Skinner’s behavioral insights into a Marxist abolitionist framework? Jim Farmelant http://www.linkedin.com/in/jimfarmelant/ http://independent.academia.edu/JimFarmelant https://medium.com/@jimfarmelant http://www.foxymath.com Learn or Review Basic Math On Fri, Feb 13, 2026 at 9:02 PM CE Jannuzi wrote: Maybe Gemini AI is hallucinating here, but I think I mostly agree with its analysis. ------------------------------ The convergence of Skinnerian behaviorism and the US prison industrial complex has created a system where the "shaping" of behavior is often indistinguishable from the mechanisms of a modern gulag. When operant conditioning is scaled to an industrial level, the focus shifts from individual rehabilitation to the efficient management of a permanent underclass. In this context, the prison is not merely a place of temporary correction but a sophisticated "Skinner box" designed for mass incapacitation. The expansion of the prison industrial complex has turned behavioral modification into a profit-driven enterprise. By treating incarcerated populations as data points to be managed through strict punishment-reward cycles—such as the loss of basic human contact or the promise of "good time" credits—the system prioritizes compliance over reform. This reflects a dark interpretation of Skinner’s "Beyond Freedom and Dignity," where the state assumes total control over the environment to dictate the boundaries of human agency. Ultimately, the marriage of behaviorism and mass incarceration has resulted in a system that focuses on the suppression of symptoms rather than the cure of social ills. By viewing crime strictly as a behavioral failure to be extinguished through punitive stimuli, the US criminal justice system often ignores the systemic poverty and inequality that influence those behaviors in the first place. This results in a self-perpetuating cycle where the prison serves as a warehouse for those the system has failed to "condition" into the broader economy, cementing the prison industrial complex as a dominant, and arguably dehumanizing, force in American life. Marxism-Thaxis mailing list Marxism-Thaxis@lists.riseup.net To change your options or unsubscribe go to: https://lists.riseup.net/www/info/marxism-thaxis Help us maintain the infrastructure for these lists: https://riseup.net/en/donate Show Quoted Content <



Charles Jannuzi: <



Maybe Gemini AI is hallucinating here, but I think I mostly agree with its analysis. ------------------------------ The convergence of Skinnerian behaviorism and the US prison industrial complex has created a system where the "shaping" of behavior is often indistinguishable from the mechanisms of a modern gulag. When operant conditioning is scaled to an industrial level, the focus shifts from individual rehabilitation to the efficient management of a permanent underclass. In this context, the prison is not merely a place of temporary correction but a sophisticated "Skinner box" designed for mass incapacitation.


The expansion of the prison industrial complex has turned behavioral modification into a profit-driven enterprise. By treating incarcerated populations as data points to be managed through strict punishment-reward cycles—such as the loss of basic human contact or the promise of "good time" credits—the system prioritizes compliance over reform. This reflects a dark interpretation of Skinner’s "Beyond Freedom and Dignity," where the state assumes total control over the environment to dictate the boundaries of human agency.


Ultimately, the marriage of behaviorism and mass incarceration has resulted in a system that focuses on the suppression of symptoms rather than the cure of social ills. By viewing crime strictly as a behavioral failure to be extinguished through punitive stimuli, the US criminal justice system often ignores the systemic poverty and inequality that influence those behaviors in the first place. This results in a self-perpetuating cycle where the prison serves as a warehouse for those the system has failed to "condition" into the broader economy, cementing the prison industrial complex as a dominant, and arguably dehumanizing, force in American life.


Marxism-Thaxis mailing list Marxism-Thaxis@lists.riseup.net To change your options or unsubscribe go to: https://lists.riseup.net/www/info/marxism-thaxis Help us maintain the infrastructure for these lists: https://riseup.net/en/donate Marxism-Thaxis mailing list Marxism-Thaxis@lists.riseup.net To change your options or unsubscribe go to: https://lists.riseup.net/www/info/marxism-thaxis Help us maintain the infrastructure for these lists: https://riseup.net/en/donate Marxism-Thaxis mailing list Marxism-Thaxis@lists.riseup.net To change your options or unsubscribe go to: https://lists.riseup.net/www/info/marxism-thaxis Help us maintain the infrastructure for these lists: https://riseup.net/en/donate